【高三寒假检测卷】04 文化遗产 历史文化传统文化多样性主题专练 （解析版）

2/2第04练文化遗产~历史文化传统~文化多样性主题专练AIthadbeena“long”andhardwalkfromhometothesubwaystationforteenagerMandyChanwhenshefirstputonhanfuinpublic.ChanisoneofthefoundersofhanfuinHongKong.“Itwasasetwithacream-coloredshirt,abrownjacketinChina’sMingdynastystyleandaredpleatedskirtmadebyme,”sherecalledrecently,almost10yearslater.ItwasnotthelooksfromothersbutherlimitedknowledgeonthetraditionalChineseclothingthathadmadeheruncomfortable.Chanadded,“IfanyonehadaskedwhatIwaswearing,orthehistorybehindit,IwouldhavebeenafraidIcouldn’ttellthemthewholepicture.”However,heruneasinesshadgraduallygonewithmorein-depthresearchontraditionalChineseculture.HanfuwasthetraditionalclothingofChina’sHanethnicgroupthatwasformedinthemainresidentialareasoftheHanpeopleinancientChina.Thehistoricalclothinghasuntoldstoriesandideasineverydetail.Thecuttingandstitchinglineinthemiddlepartofhanfufitsthespine(脊椎)ofthehumanbodyandhelpspeopletodressproperly.Thisdesign,whichhastranscended(超越)itselfasmeredecoration,pointstothequalitiesofthewearersasuprightandmoderate(温和的)individuals.,“InsteadofimitatingpeoplelikewhatIusedtodo,Ihavejumpedoutofmycomfortzoneandfoundthestylethatsuitsmebest,”Chansaid.“Throughhanfu,Ihavefoundmyselfandsomanyunexploredthingsinmylife.”Chanaddedthatshehadfoundherlifelongpassionthroughhanfu,whichisagoalanddreamthathasneverbeenabsentfromherlife.Chanfoundshewasnotaloneafterfallinginlovewithhanfu.Shebelievesthatclassicswillnevergooutofstyleandsheherselfhasincorporated(使并入)hanfuintohereverydaylife.1．WhydidChanfeeluneasywhenshefirstworehanfuinpublic?A．Herclotheswerewornout.B．Shedidn’tlikelooksfromothers.C．Herclothesdidn’tfitherproperly.D．Shehadalimitedknowledgeofhanfu.2．Whatisspecialabouthanfuindesignaccordingtoparagraph3?A．Itnevergoesoutoffashion.B．Itshowspersonalqualitiesofitswearers.C．Ithasmanydifferentstylesforchoice.D．Itappealstopeopleofallagesandsocialgroups.3．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．HanfuhasastronginfluenceonChan.B．HanfuwillbeabigbusinessinChina.C．Hanfuwilltaketheleadinthefashion.D．Hanfuallowshertogettoknowmorepeople.4．Inwhichpartofamagazinemaywereadthistext?A．Health. B．Travel. C．Sports. D．Culture.【答案】1．D2．B3．A4．D【语篇分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是中国汉服的相关知识及汉服对MandyChan的影响。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“ItwasnotthelooksfromothersbutherlimitedknowledgeonthetraditionalChineseclothingthathadmadeheruncomfortable.（让她感到不舒服的不是别人的表情，而是她对中国传统服装的了解有限。）”可知，当她第一次在公共场合穿汉服时，她感到很不自在是因为她对汉服的了解有限。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Thisdesign,whichhastranscended(超越)itselfasmeredecoration,pointstothequalitiesofthewearersasuprightandmoderate(温和的)individuals.（这种设计，已经超越了它本身仅仅作为装饰，指出了穿着者作为正直和温和的个体的品质。）”可知，汉服在设计上的特别之处在于它显示了穿着者的个人品质。故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Chanaddedthatshehadfoundherlifelongpassionthroughhanfu,whichisagoalanddreamthathasneverbeenabsentfromherlife.（Chan补充说，她通过汉服找到了自己一生的激情，这是她生活中从未缺少的一个目标和梦想。）”可知，汉服对Chan的影响很大。故选A。【4题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段的“HanfuwasthetraditionalclothingofChina’sHanethnicgroupthatwasformedinthemainresidentialareasoftheHanpeopleinancientChina.Thehistoricalclothinghasuntoldstoriesandideasineverydetail.（汉服是中国汉族的传统服饰，是中国古代汉族主要聚居区形成的。历史服装的每一个细节都有不为人知的故事和想法。）”可知，本文主要讲的是中国汉服的相关知识及汉服对MandyChan的影响，因此我们可能在杂志的文化部分读到这篇文章，故选D。BTherearesome7,000languagesspokenworldwide,eachunique,usingdifferentsounds,vocabulariesandstructures.CharlestheGreatsaid:“Tohaveasecondlanguageistohaveasecondsoul.”Thisbegsthequestion:Doesthelanguagewespeakshapewhoweare?Asitturnsout,yes.InsocietiessuchastheUnitedStatesorWesternEurope,self-expressionandlanguageprecisionarevalued.Asiancultures,ontheotherhand,preferanindirectformofcommunication.Wordslike“perhaps”and“maybe”areusedmorethan“yes”or“no”.Americanismtakesaninformalapproachtocommunication.Thereforeit’sOKtorefertoastrangerorthebossas“you”.However,theThailanguagehas12formsofthesamepronoun,choosingonedependsonstatus.Inthisway,languagesareessentialinnavigating(导航)anyculture,bethatourownorotherwise.Peoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesnoticedifferentthings,dependingontheconstructsoftheirmothertongue.Takeanaccident.InEnglish,it’sOKtosay:“Shebroketheglass.”ButinalanguagelikeSpanish,you’dprobablygowith:“Theglassbroke.”Thesameincidentproducestwodifferentresponses.Englishspeakerswillrememberwho’satfault,becausetheirlanguageasksthemto,whileSpanishspeakersaremorelikelytorememberitwasanaccident.Thishasrealconsequences,especiallywhenitcomestocrimeandpunishment.ProfessorJimCumminshaswrittenextensivelyonmothertongues.ForCummins,thestrongerourhomelanguage,theeasieritisforustolearnothers.Ofcourse,researchalsoshowsthatbeingbilingual(会说两种语言的)givespeoplemanyadvantagesinlife.LinguistJulienLeyrewritesthatlearninganotherlanguagedevelopsourabilityto“understandthementalworldofanotherperson,basedonthelanguagetheyuse,andhowthatworldisdifferentfromourown.”Ourmothertongueiscentraltohowwethink,whatweknowandwhoweare.Likeus,languagesarelivingthingsthatchangeovertimeandmustbecaredfortosurvive.Bydoingso,weprotectnotjustthelinguisticstructuresorvocabulariesweuse,buttheculture,knowledgeandpowerbehindthem.5．Whydoestheauthormention“Americanism”and“theThailanguage”inParagraph2?A．Totelltheculturaldifferencesbetweenthem.B．Toindicatealanguageisaguidetoaculture.C．TostressAmericanexpressionsareinformal.D．Torevealalanguageisassociatedwithstatus.6．WhatisEnglishspeakers’responsetoanaccident?A．Theywillseekblame. B．Theywillpunishothers.C．Theywillavoidresponsibility. D．Theywilldrawalessonfromit.7．WhatdoesJulienLeyrethinkaboutbilinguals?A．Theyenjoyamorecolorfullife.B．Theycanremainmentallyhealthy.C．Theyfinditeasiertolearnalanguage.D．Theycangaininsightintoothers’minds.8．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Howdolanguagesdiffer?B．Willyourlanguagebeextinct?C．Whydoesourmothertonguematter?D．Shouldwespeakasecondlanguage?【答案】5．B6．A7．D8．C【语篇分析】本文是一篇议论文，探讨了语言与文化的关系。文章通过引出“Doesthelanguagewespeakshapewhoweare?（我们说的语言是否塑造了我们）”这个问题，然后分析原因，最后得出结论：我们的母语对我们如何思考、我们知道什么以及我们是谁至关重要的。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Inthisway,languagesareessentialinnavigating(导航)anyculture,bethatourownorotherwise.(因此，语言在引导任何文化中都是必不可少的，无论是我们自己的文化还是其他文化。)”可知语言在引导任何文化中都至关重要，由此可推断出，作者提到“美国腔”和“泰语”是用来说明语言是文化的指南。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Englishspeakerswillrememberwho’satfault,becausetheirlanguageasksthemto,whileSpanishspeakersaremorelikelytorememberitwasanaccident.(说英语的人会记得是谁错了，因为他们的语言要求他们这样做，而说西班牙语的人更有可能记得这是一个意外。)”可知，当意外发生之后，说英语的人会追究责任。故选A。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“LinguistJulienLeyrewritesthatlearninganotherlanguagedevelopsourabilityto“understandthementalworldofanotherperson,basedonthelanguagetheyinhabit,andhowthatworldisdifferentfromourown.(语言学家朱利安·莱尔(JulienLeyre)写道，学习另一种语言可以发展我们的能力，“基于他人原始的语言，以及这个世界与我们自己的世界有何不同，来理解他们的心理世界。”)”可知，语言学家JulienLeyre认为会说两种语言的人能够理解对方的精神世界。故选D。

【8题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文围绕“Doesthelanguagewespeakshapewhoweare?(我们所说的语言决定了我们是谁吗？)”这个问题展开，结合最后一段“Ourmothertongueiscentraltohowwethink,whatweknowandwhoweare.Likeus,languagesarelivingthingsthatchangeovertimeandmustbecaredfortosurvive.Bydoingso,weprotectnotjustthelinguisticstructuresorvocabulariesweuse,buttheculture,knowledgeandpowerbehindthem.(我们的母语对我们的思维方式、我们知道什么以及我们是谁至关重要。和我们一样，语言也是生命体，随着时间的推移会发生变化，必须加以保护才能生存。通过这样做，我们不仅保护我们使用的语言结构或词汇，而且保护它们背后的文化、知识和权力。)”点明主题，阐述了母语对我们来说至关重要，可知C项“Whydoesourmothertonguematter?(为什么我们的母语很重要？)”符合文章的主旨，适合作为本文的标题。故选C。

Ⅰ.七选五Manyofushavepilesupboxesonalbumsofphotosthatwehaven’tpickedupinyears.ThecomingNewYearmarkstheseasonofrenewing—theperfecttimetotakeatripdownmemorytrack.Herearewaystofinallyorganize,useandclearawayyourfamilyphotos.1.Ifyou’reahistoryfan,youcanpiecethephotostogethertoformyourfamilytree.Ifyouknowwherethephotosweretaken,spendarainyafternoongoingoverrelatedinformationatthelocallibrary.Youcanalsohireagenealogist(谱系专家)oruploadphotosonlinetogenealogysitesifyou’rewillingtopayforresearch.Donate.Mostofusfinditdifficulttothrowphotosaway,letalonetheonesthathavebeenpasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.2.Theseinstitutionswelcomedonations,especiallyifyoucanprovidesomebackgroundinformationaboutyourphotos.Recall.Passaroundfamilyphotosandalbumsatyournextfamilygathering.3!Thisisagreatchancetolearnmoreaboutyourfamilyandintroduceyourkidstotheirlaterelativeswhotheyhavenevermet.Digitize.Printedphotosaretypicallystoredinattics,basementsandclosets.4.Justpreservephotosbyscanningthemyourself.Savingphotostothecloudwillgivethemasafehomewherethey’llstaylivelyforever.Delete.Afteryou’vebackedupyourcollectionwithdigitalcopies,youcanfeelbetteraboutthrowingawayprintedphotosthatyoudidn’tdisplayoruse.5.Thismakesiteasiertofindandshareimportantphotosonline.DisplayResearchKeeptheminanaccessibleplaceLightthefireplaceandletthestorytellingbeginIt’salsoimportanttoremoveoutdatedonesregularlyButtherearesomehistoricalsocietiesacceptingthemTherefore,theyareeasilyaffectedbyfires,floodsanddust【答案】1.B2.F3.D4.G5.E【语篇分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了如何处理象征家族历史的照片。【1题详解】根据后文“Youcanalsohireagenealogist(谱系专家)oruploadphotosonlinetogenealogysitesifyou’rewillingtopayforresearch.(如果你愿意花钱做研究，你也可以雇一个系谱学家或者在网上上传照片到系谱网站)”中的research可知，本段主要提出的方法是作研究。B项“做研究”符合题意，适合作小标题。故选B项。【2题详解】根据前文“Donate.Mostofusfinditdifficulttothrowphotosaway,letalonetheonesthathavebeenpasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.(捐赠。我们大多数人都觉得很难把照片扔掉，更不用说那些代代相传的照片了)”以及后文“Theseinstitutionswelcomedonations,especiallyifyoucanprovidesomebackgroundinformationaboutyourphotos.(这些机构欢迎捐款，特别是如果你能提供一些关于你的照片的背景信息)”可知，划线处肯定是提到了一些可捐赠照片的机构。F项“但是有一些历史学会接受他们。”符合题意。前后叙述一致，逻辑合理。故选F项。【3题详解】根据前文“Recall.Passaroundfamilyphotosandalbumsatyournextfamilygathering.(回忆。在下一次家庭聚会上分发家庭照片和相册)”可知，本段主要讨论和家人一起回忆，分享这些照片。D项“点燃壁炉，让故事开始”就是和家人分享照片时的场景。前后叙述一致，逻辑合理。故选D项。【4题详解】根据前文“Digitize.Printedphotosaretypicallystoredinattics,basementsandclosets.(数字化。打印出来的照片通常存放在阁楼、地下室和壁橱里)”可知，本段提出的建议是将这些照片数字化，而一般打印出来的一般放在阁楼等地方。G项“因此，他们很容易受到火灾、洪水和灰尘的影响”则是对打印出来的照片的问题，即容易毁坏，才会建议将照片数字化。G项承接上文，符合题意。故选G项。【5题详解】根据前文“Delete.Afteryou’vebackedupyourcollectionwithdigitalcopies,youcanfeelbetteraboutthrowingawayprintedphotosthatyoudidn’tdisplayoruse.(删除。在你用数字拷贝备份了你的收藏之后，你可以对扔掉那些你没有展示或使用过的印刷照片感觉更好)”可知，本段建议删减照片。E项“定期清除过期的也很重要。”中的remove与delete叙述一致，逻辑合理。故选E项。Ⅱ.完型挺空InAmericanculture,Iamnoticingalackofrespect,especiallyamongchildren.Thisshouldbetreated1sincedisrespectfulchildrenwillbecomedisrespectfulteenagers,andthenfurtherdisrespectfuladults.Americancultureis2thewaysofteachingrespect,whileothercultureshavemethodsthatAmericanscouldlearnfrom.In1995,IspentacoupleofmonthsinKenyawhereIlivedwithapastor’sfamily.ThispastorwasapartoftheMaasaitribesthathavesomeuniquecustoms.Oneofthemisthe3thatthechildrengivetheadults.WhenanadultapproachesaMaasaichild,thechildwill4andtilttheirheadslightlysaying“Suppa”.Theadultresponsesbysaying“Ippa”touchingthetopoftheirheads.Thissimpleactshowsrespectfortheadult.Thechildren5thattheyaretheirelderandthattheadultdeservesrespect.Inmyearly20’s,Iworkedatachildren’shomeinSouthCarolinawherethechildrenfrom4to19yearsoldweretaughttorespecttheirelders.They6meas“Mr.Vince”andeveryadultworkertherewitha“Mr,Mrs,orMs.”.However,asIcounselandtalktoteachersandotherprofessionalswhoworkwithchildrennow,thereseemstobea7insuchasfriendlybehaviorthatchildrengiveadults.Fewerstudentstreatteacherswithrespect:Childrenfrequentlytalkbacktotheirteachers,parentsorseniors,interruptconversations,anddisregardtheir8.Childrencasuallyspeakwithotheradultslikewaiters,storeclerks,postmen,cashiers,etc.inthewayasiftheyarechildren’s9.ImmanuelKantexpressedtwo10attitudesinEuropethatarestilldominanttoday.Oneisthatonlyhumansarepersonsbecausetheyhaveautonomy—theyfreelychoosetoactonprinciplesby11lawsonthemselves,andnotondesires.Itisthismindbasedon12thatgiveshumansspecialstatus.Second,tolearntofollowprinciplesinsteadofdesires,ahumanchildneedstolearn13tothelawsofadults.Theymustpractice14regulationbeforetheyareabletopracticeautonomy.Kantsaidthat“actinthewayyouwantotherstoactinthesituation,takingotherpeopleaspersons,not15youuseforyourowngoals”.Onlyinthiswaycanyoubecomearealpersonwithintrinsicvalues.1．A．passionately B．steadily C．publicly D．alarmingly2．A．challenging B．faking C．piloting D．abandoning3．A．assistance B．greeting C．blessing D．guarantee4．A．comeforward B．dropby C．showoff D．falldown5．A．pretend B．suspect C．determine D．acknowledge6．A．located B．ranked C．addressed D．defied7．A．delight B．delay C．decline D．distress8．A．gesture B．secret C．behavior D．authority9．A．peers B．enemies C．guards D．owners10．A．controversial B．accepted C．foreign D．equivalent11．A．twisting B．imposing C．banning D．sparing12．A．reason B．solution C．harmony D．consciousness13．A．similarity B．response C．obedience D．approach14．A．environmental B．external C．voluntary D．flexible15．A．luxuries B．glories C．instruments D．models【答案】1．D2．D3．B4．A5．D6．C7．C8．D9．A10．B11．B12．A13．C14．B15．C【语篇分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章中，作者以自己的个人经历阐述了，在美国文化中儿童越来越不尊重成年人这一现象，而其他文化中“儿童尊重成年人”是美国人可以学习的方式。【1题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这应该引起警惕，因为不尊重的孩子会变成不尊重的青少年，然后变成不尊重的成年人。A.passionately热情地；B.steadily稳定地；C.publicly公开地；D.alarmingly让人担忧地、警惕地。由上文的“InAmericanculture,Iamnoticingalackofrespect,especiallyamongchildren.”和下文的“disrespectfulchildrenwillbecomedisrespectfulteenagers,andthendisrespectfuladults”可知，在美国文化中，儿童尤其缺乏尊重成年人的意识，这些不尊重人的儿童长大会成为不尊重人的成年人，这一现象应该引起警惕。故选D项。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国文化正在放弃传授尊重的方式，而其他文化也有美国人可以学习的方式。A.challenging挑战；B.faking伪造；C.piloting驾驶；D.abandoning放弃。由上文的“InAmericanculture,Iamnoticingalackofrespect,especiallyamongchildren.”和下文的“Fewerstudentstreatteacherswithrespect:Childrenfrequentlytalkbacktotheirteachers,parentsorseniors,interruptconversations”可知，在美国文化中，儿童尤其缺乏尊重成年人的意识，说明美国文化正在放弃传授尊重的方式。故选D项。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中之一是孩子们对成年人的问候。A.assistance帮助；B.greeting问候；C.blessing祝福；D.guarantee保证。由下文的“WhenanadultapproachesaMaasaichild,thechildwill4andtilttheirheadslightlysaying“Suppa”.”可知，在马赛族文化中，当一个成年人走近马赛族的孩子时，孩子走上前会说“Suppa”，这是孩子们问候成年人的方式。故选B项。【4题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当一个成年人走近马赛族的孩子时，孩子会走上前，轻轻地歪着头说“Suppa”。A.comeforward自告奋勇、走上前；B.dropby顺便拜访；C.showoff炫耀；D.falldown跌倒。由下文的“Theadultresponsesbysaying“Ippa”touchingthetopoftheirheads.”可知，成年人触摸到孩子的头顶，说明孩子走到了成年人的面前。故选A项。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们承认成年人是他们的长辈，成年人值得尊重。A.pretend假装；B.suspect怀疑；C.determine决定；D.acknowledge承认。由上文的“Thissimpleactshowsrespectfortheadult.”可知，当一个成年人走近马赛族的孩子时，孩子走上前说“Suppa”的行为表明了孩子对成年人表示尊敬，承认成年人是他们的长辈。故选D项。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们称呼我为“文斯先生”，那里的每个成年工人都有一个“先生、太太或女士”。A.located坐落于；B.ranked排列；C.addressed称呼；D.defied否认。由文的“”可知，由上文的“SouthCarolinawherethechildrenfrom4to19yearsoldweretaughttorespecttheirelders”和本句“They6meas“Mr.Vince”andeveryadultworkertherewitha“Mr,Mrs,orMs.”.”可知，Mr,Mrs,orMs.是敬称，南卡罗来纳州的从4岁到19岁的孩子都被教导要尊重长辈，所以称呼作者“文斯先生”，称呼其他成年人“（某某）先生、太太或女士”。故选C项。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，正如我对教师和其他从事儿童工作的专业人士所建议和交谈的那样，儿童给予成年人的友好行为似乎有所减少。A.delight高兴；B.delay延误；C.decline减少；D.distress忧虑。由上文的“InAmericanculture,Iamnoticingalackofrespect,especiallyamongchildren.”和下文的“Fewerstudentstreatteacherswithrespect:Childrenfrequentlytalkbacktotheirteachers,parentsorseniors,interruptconversations”可知，在美国文化中，儿童尤其缺乏尊重成年人的意识，不尊重老师，经常与老师、父母或长辈顶嘴，打断谈话，以前尊重成年人的友好行为在减少。故选C项。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尊重老师的学生越来越少：孩子们经常与老师、父母或长辈顶嘴，打断谈话，无视他们的权威。A.gesture手势；B.secret秘密；C.behavior行为；D.authority权威。由上文的“InAmericanculture,Iamnoticingalackofrespect,especiallyamongchildren.”和下文的“Fewerstudentstreatteacherswithrespect:Childrenfrequentlytalkbacktotheirteachers,parentsorseniors,interruptconversations”可知，在美国文化中，儿童尤其缺乏尊重成年人的意识，不尊重老师，经常与老师、父母或长辈顶嘴，打断谈话，无视成年人的权威。故选D项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们随意地与其他成年人交谈，如侍者、店员、邮递员、收银员等，就好像他们是孩子的同龄人一样。A.peers同辈；B.enemies敌人；C.guards守卫；D.owners主人。由上文的“Childrencasuallyspeakwithotheradultslikewaiters,storeclerks,postmen,cashiers”可知，儿童随意地与其他成年人交谈，说明他们不尊重成年人，无视成年人的权威，把成年人当成不需要尊重的同辈人了。故选A项。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：伊曼纽尔·康德表达了两种在欧洲仍占主导地位的公认态度。A.controversial引起争论的；B.accepted公认的；C.foreign外国的；D.equivalent相等的。由本句中“two10attitudesinEuropethatarestilldominanttoday”可知，两种在欧洲仍占主导地位的态度，说明这种态度是欧洲人公认的态度。故选B项。【11题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一是只有人类才是人，因为他们拥有自主权，通过将法律强加给自己，而不是欲望，他们自由选择按照原则行事。A.twisting扭曲；B.imposing强加；C.banning禁止；D.sparing腾出。由下文的“lawsonthemselves,andnotondesires”可知，法律是外部世界强加给人的，而不是人原本就拥有的。故选B项。【12题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是这种基于理性的思维赋予了人类特殊的地位。A.reason理性；B.solution解决方法；C.harmony和谐；D.consciousness意识。由上文的“theyhaveautonomy—theyfreelychoosetoactonprinciplesby11lawsonthemselves,andnotondesire”可知，人们拥有自主权，通过将法律强加给自己，而不是通过欲望，人们自由选择按照原则行事，这是理性的逻辑思维。故选A项。【13题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二，要学会遵循原则而不是欲望，人类儿童需要学会服从成人的法律。A.similarity相似；B.response反映；C.obedience服从；D.approach方法。由上文的“tolearntofollowprinciplesinsteadofdesires”可知，follow(遵循)，此处指人类儿童需要要学会obedienceto(遵循、服从)原则，即服从成人的法律。故选C项。【14题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们必须实行外部监管，才能实行自治。A.environmental环境的；B.external外部的；C.voluntary自愿的；D.flexible灵活的。由上文的“ahumanchildneedstolearn13tothelawsofadults”和下文的“regulationbeforetheyareabletopracticeautonomy”可知，在人类儿童实现个体自治前，需要学会服从成人的法律，由成年人对其实施外部监管。故选B项。【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：康德说：“在这种情况下，按照你希望别人做事的方式行事，把别人当作人，而不是把别人当作你为自己的目标使用的工具。”A.luxuries奢侈品；B.glories荣耀；C.instruments工具；D.models模型。由本处的“takingotherpeopleaspersons,not15youuseforyourowngoals”可知，康德说，要把别人当作人，而不是把别人当作自己实现目标的工具。故选C项。Ⅲ.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinaiswidelyknownforitsancientcivilisationwhichhascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimes.Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible,butoneoftheMain1．(factor)hasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.Thehistoryof2．(write)Chineseasapicture-basedlanguage3．(date)backseveralthousandyearstotheuseoflonggu-animalbonesandshells4．whichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.BytheShangDynasty(around1600-1046BCE),thesesymbols5．(become)awell-developedwritingsystem.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,6．(lead)tovarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.This,however,changedunderEmperorQinshihuangoftheQinDynasty(221-207BCE).EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountry7．theChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.ThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.Eventoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.TheChinesewritingsystemhasalsobecome8．importantmeansbywhichChina’spresentisconnectedwithitspast.PeopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassicworksbyancientChinese.AndasChinaplaysa9．(great)roleinglobalaffairsthanbefore,Chinesecultureisbecoming10．(increase)popularwithinternationalstudents,whobegintoexploreChinesecivilizationthroughthisamazinglanguage.【答案】1．factors2．written3．dates4．on5．hadbecome6．leading7．where/and8．an9．greater10．increasingly【语篇分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述中国以其古老的文明而闻名，而汉字书写体系是使这些文明一直延续至今的一个重要因素。文章介绍了汉字书写体系的开始，发展以及汉字中文书写系统也成为中国现在与过去联系的重要手段。【1题详解】考查可数名词的单复数。句意：有很多原因可以解释这一点，但其中一个主要因素是中国的汉字体系。factor“因素”，可数名词oneof+可数名词的复数，意为“……之一”。故填factors。【2题详解】考查形容词。句意：作为一种以图画为基础的语言，书面汉语的历史可以追溯到几千年前，当时中国古代人使用龙鼓兽骨和兽壳雕刻符号。分析句子结构可知，空处需要形容词词做定语，表达“书面的”应用written。故填written。【3题详解】考查时态。句意：作为一种以图画为基础的语言，书面汉语的历史可以追溯到几千年前，当时中国古代人使用龙鼓兽骨和兽壳雕刻符号。分析句子结构可知，空处为谓语动词，句子为描述一般事实，用一般现在时态，主语为Thehistory，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填dates。【4题详解】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：作为一种以图画为基础的语言，书面汉语的历史可以追溯到几千年前，当时中国古代人使用龙鼓兽骨和兽壳雕刻符号。分析句子结构可知“_________whichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople”为定语从句，修饰先行词“longgu-animalbonesandshells”，根据定语从句的意思可知，符号是刻在兽骨和兽壳上的，becarvedon“被刻在……上”，此处将定语从句中的介词on提到关系代词which的前面。故填on。【5题详解】考查时态。句意：到商代（约公元前1600-1046年），这些符号已经成为一种发展良好的书写系统。分析句子结构可知，空处需要谓语动词，根据时间状语“BytheShangDynasty(around1600-1046BCE)”可知，要用过去完成时态。故填hadbecome。【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：多年来，该系统发展成不同的形式，因为这是一个人们在地理上划分区域的时代，这导致了方言和文字的多样性。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处需要非谓语做结果状语，现在分词做结果状语表示意料之中的结果。故填leading。【7题详解】考查定语从句或并列连词。句意：秦始皇将七个主要州统一为一个国家，汉语书写系统开始朝着一个方向发展。分析句子结构可知，“______theChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection”为定语从句，修饰先行词country，在定语从句中做地点状语，所以用where来引导；分析句意和句子结构可知，上下文两个句子为顺承关系，可以用and连接。故填where/and。【8题详解】考查冠词。句意：中文书写系统也成为中国联系过去和现在的重要手段。根据空后的importantmeans“重要方式”可知，中文书写系统也成为一种重要的手段，需要用不定冠词表示泛指，important读音为元音音素开始的单词。故填an。【9题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：随着中国在全球事务中发挥的作用越来越大，中国文化越来越受到国际学生的欢迎，他们开始通过这门神奇的语言探索中国文明。根据句意可知，中国在全球事务中发挥的作用越来越大，所以需要形容词的比较级。故填greater。【10题详解】考查副词。句意：随着中国在全球事务中发挥的作用越来越大，中国文化越来越受到国际学生的欢迎，他们开始通过这门神奇的语言探索中国文明。分析句子结构可知，空处需要修饰动词，所以要用副词。increase为动词“增长”，其副词形式为increasingly“不断增加地”。故填increasingly。Ⅳ.阅读下面材料,根据内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。LongagotherelivedanexplorernamedNicholas.Hetraveledaroundtheworldinsearchofnewlands,newanimals,andnewrelicstodiscover.Andineveryplacehevisited,NicholasfoundaspecialgifttobringbacktohissonChristian.Inhismostadventurousjourney,NicholastraveledtotheArctictofindtheNorthPole.Afterweeksoftirelessdogsledtrekking,NicholasreachedthenorthernArcticCirclewhereverylittlelifecouldsurvive.Astheweeksturnedtomonths,NicholascouldstillnotfindtheNorthPoleandhisfoodsupplywasgettinglow.Bythistime,Nicholassawsmallfootprintsinthesnow.Hungryandfreezing,Nicholasfollowedthefootprintstoasmallvillage.Hecouldnotbelievethatanyonecouldliveinsuchafreezingplace,butthereweredozensofsmallhuts（木屋）aroundhim.Nicholasunleashed（解开）hisdogsandwentexploring.Inthecenterofthevillagetheresatasmalltree.WhatcaughtNicholas’eyeswasahatsittingatopthetree.Nicholasfoughttoreachthesmalltreeandgrabbedthehat.Notonlydiditlookwarm,butalsohethoughtthatitwouldalsomakeaperfectgiftforChristian-ifheevermadeitoutoftheArcticandbackhome.ThemomentNicholasplacedthehatonhishead,everythingchanged.Thevillagerslefttheirhutsandcameouttosurroundhim.Thedogsbecamefrightenedandranawayatthesightofthecrowd.Atthatmoment,awomancalledMichaelsteppedforwardandspoke.“Thehatyouarewearingwasremovedfromthetopofourtree.ThattreeistheNorthPole,wherethereisnodayandnonight.Aslongasthehatstayshere,weareunaffectedbytime.Nowthatyouwearthehattoo,youwillnotage.Butthehatcannotberemoved.Ifyoudosoorleavewiththehat,wewouldnotbeabletosurvive.”Nicholaswasastonished.Hesatdownonhissledandcried.Heneededtogetbacktohisson.“Youmayleaveforonedayayear.Suchashorttimeawaywouldnotharmus.”Michaelsaid.“Icannotgoanywhereinoneday’stime”,Nicholassaid.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Para.1“Youmayuseourcaribous（驯鹿）andyouwillfindthetripmuchshorterwhileyouwearthehat”,saidMichael._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________