医学英语42讲解

医学英语课程Firstaid国家级临床医学专业教学资源库语

法

篇定语从句语法讲解

Non-finite1.Themanisaworker.2.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.合并句子:Themanwho

isspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.主句从句定语从句概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(Attributiveclause)Maryisabeautiful

girl.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句Maryisagirl.(主句)Maryhaslonghair.(从句)合并为一个句子Maryisagirl

whohaslonghair.主句定语从句先行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirl

who

haslonghair.关系代词关系副词which,thatwho,whom,whoseWhere,when,why

定语从句的用法:1.当先行词是物时,用which

或that引导.Thesearethe

treeswhich

/that

wereplantedlastyear.2.当先行词是人时,用who,

whom,whose,that引导.Thesearethe

studentswho/that

wonthefirstplacelastyear.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.3.who,whom,whose,that用法区别.⑴who作定语从句的主语或宾语.Themanwho

isspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.(主句)Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.(从句)分解作主语⑵Whom

作定语从句的宾语Thewomanwhom

theywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.(主句)Theywantedtovisitthewoman.(定语从句)分解作宾语⑶whose

作定语从句的定语.Iknowthegirlwhose

motherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.(主句)Thegirl’smotherisateacher.

定语从句作定语⑷that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.注意:

关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.Thewoman(whom/that)

theywantedtovisitisateacher.分解Thewomanisateacher.(主句)Theywantedtovisit

thewoman.(定语从句)作宾语Haveatry指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.Themanwho

cametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)

ImetisLucy.()3.Achildwhose

parentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)

youboughtyesterday.()

主语宾语定语宾语4.只能用that的情况①序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时Tomisthecleverest

boy

thatIhaveeverknown.Thisisthefirst

playthatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.③everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等不定代词作先行词时

Everything

thatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.②先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulendme.④先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。Thisistheverybook

that

belongstohim.⑤主句已有who或which时Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday.⑥

当先行词同时指人和物时I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.5.关系代词前有介词时(介词提前).指人只用whom,指物只用whichThisistheboywith

whomhetalked.Thisistheringon

whichshespent1000dollars.6.关系副词关系副词是引导定语从句的，在从句中作状语。

where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点.

The

hotelwasn’tclean.(主句)

Westayedatthehotel.(定语从句)Thehotel

wherewestayedwasn’tclean.Thehotel

atwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.The

hotel

(which)

westayedatwasn’tclean.地点状语分解

I’llneverforgettheday.(主句)

IjoinedthePartyonthatday.

(定语从句)I’llneverforgettheday

when

IjoinedtheParty.I’llneverforgettheday

onwhich

IjoinedtheParty.时间状语分解when:

在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。Exercise1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.4.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.7.Isthereanything________youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All______wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_____standsupisalittleboy.10.Thisistheschool_____Mr.Smithoncetaught.Exercise1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.4.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.which/that7.Isthereanything________youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All______wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_____standsupisalittleboy.10.Thisistheschool_____Mr.Smithoncetaught.thatthatthatwhereExercise由Who引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\宾语1、Doyouknowtheman___istalkingwithyourfather?A.whoseB.whoC.which2、Theboys___theteachertalkedtoarefromClassOne.A.whenB.whichC.who3、Those___wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.A.whoB.whichC.whom选择题4.Thegentleman___youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whom5.Thedoctor___youarelookingforisintheroom.A.whomB.whatC.which6.

Theteacherfor____youarewaitinghascome.A.whoB.whomC.that由Whom引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语介词提前时只能用whom7.Achild___parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whichB.hisC.whose8.Thisbookisforthestudents___native(本国的)languageisnotEnglish.A.thatB.ofwhomC.whose9.Theboy___compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.that由Whose引导的定语从句,在句中做定语10、Hepreferstoeattherice___inthesouth.A.whoisgrownB.

which