中药炮制常用辅料贮存与保管中药炮制技术讲解

CommonlyusedauxiliarymaterialsforChinesemedicineprocessingStorageandcustody中药炮制技术Chinesemedicineprocessingtechnology中药炮制常用辅料贮存与保管目录液体辅料Liquidauxiliarymaterial壹固体辅料Solidauxiliarymaterial贰中药饮片的质量要求QualityrequirementsofTCMdecoctionpieces叁中药炮制技术课程简介Contentnavigation内容导航CENTER中药饮片的贮存与保管StorageandcustodyofChinesemedicinedecoctionpieces肆第壹节中药炮制技术课程简介液体辅料LiquidauxiliarymaterialLiquidauxiliarymaterial液体辅料Liquidauxiliarymaterial液体辅料分为黄酒（含乙醇15～20%）（古称清酒、米酒）、白酒（含乙醇50～60%）（又称烧酒）两大类；甘辛大热，能通血脉、行药热地、散寒、矫味矫臭。适用范围：多用于活血散瘀，祛风通络药物及动物类药物。Dividedintoricewine(containingethanol15~20%)(ancientsake,ricewine),liquor(containingethanol50~60%)(alsoknownasshochu)twocategories;Ganxinbigheat,canpassblood,linemedicinehotground,dispelcold,correcttasteandodor.Scopeofapplication:mainlyusedforpromotingbloodcirculationanddispersingstasis,dispellingwindandclearingcollateralsdrugsandanimaldrugs.酒wineLiquidauxiliarymaterial液体辅料主要用米醋，古代又称苦酒。性味苦温，能散瘀止血、理气、止痛、行水、解毒、矫味矫臭。适用范围：多用于疏肝解郁，散瘀止痛、攻下水的药物。Mainlyusedricevinegar,alsoknownasbitterwineinancienttimes.Bitterandwarmtaste,candispersebloodstasis,regulateqi,pain,water,detoxification,correctingtasteandodor.Scopeofapplication:Itismainlyusedforsoothingliverandrelievingdepression,dispersingstasisandrelievingpain,andattackingwater.醋vinegarLiquidauxiliarymaterial液体辅料经过加热炼熟的蜂蜜。甘平，补中润燥、止痛、解毒、矫味矫臭，能与药物起协同作用，增强药物的疗效。适用范围：用于止咳平喘、补脾益气的药物。Honeythathasbeenrefinedbyheat.Ganping,tonifyingmoisteningdryness,relievingpain,detoxifying,correctingtasteandodor,canworksynergisticwithdrugstoenhancetheefficacyofdrugs.Scopeofapplication:Usedforrelievingcoughandrelievingasthma,tonifyingspleenandtonifyingqi.蜂蜜HoneyLiquidauxiliarymaterial液体辅料性味辛、温。能发表、散寒、止呕、开痰、解毒。经姜汁制后能抑制药物的寒性，增加疗效，降低毒性。适用范围：用于化痰止咳、降逆止呕的药物。Thetasteishotandwarm.Itcanpublish,dispelcold,stopvomiting,openphlegmanddetoxify.Thegingerjuicecaninhibitthecoldofthedrug,increasethecurativeeffectandreducethetoxicity.Scopeofapplication:Itisadrugusedtorelievephlegmandcough,reducereversevomiting.生姜汁GingerjuiceLiquidauxiliarymaterial液体辅料食盐加适量的水溶化，性味咸寒，能强筋骨、软坚散结、清热、凉血、解毒、防腐，并能矫味矫臭。药物经食盐水制后，能改变药物的性能，增强药物的作用。Saltwiththerightamountofwatertodissolve,saltyandcold,canstrengthenthebones,softandhard,clearheat,coolblood,detoxification,anti-corrosion,andcancorrectthetasteandodor.Theperformanceofthedrugcanbechangedandtheeffectofthedrugcanbeenhancedwhenthedrugispreparedbysaltwater.食盐水Saltwater第贰节中药炮制技术课程简介固体辅料SolidauxiliarymaterialSolidauxiliarymaterial固体辅料Solidauxiliarymaterial固体辅料麦麸为小麦的种皮，呈褐黄色。主含淀粉、蛋白质及维生素等。麦麸性味甘、淡。能和中益脾。与药物共制能缓和药物的燥性，去除药物不快之气味，增强疗效。Wheatbranistheseedcoatofwheat,brownyellow.Maincontainsstarch,proteinandvitamins.Wheatbrantastesweet,light.Canharmonizeandtonifythespleen.Co-preparationwithdrugscaneasethedrynessofdrugs,removetheunpleasantodorofdrugs,andenhancethecurativeeffect.麦麸WheatbranSolidauxiliarymaterial固体辅料筛取中等粗细的河沙，淘尽泥土，除尽杂质，晒干备用。河沙Riversand用沙作中间体，取其温度高，受热均匀，可使坚硬的药物经沙炒后质变松脆，易于粉碎和煎出有效成分；还可破坏药物的毒性，易于除去非药用部分。常以砂炒的药物有马钱子、穿山甲、龟板、鳖甲等。Sievethemediumthicknessofriversand,washthesoil,removeallimpurities,dryforuse.Sandisusedastheintermediate,thetemperatureishighandtheheatisuniform,whichcanmakethehardmedicinebecomebrittleafterfryingwithsand,anditiseasytobecrushedandfriedouttheeffectiveingredients;Itcanalsodestroythetoxicityofthedrugandeasilyremovethenon-medicinalpart.Commonlyfriedwithsanddrugsarestrychnine,pangolin,turtleboard,turtleshellandsoon.Solidauxiliarymaterial固体辅料滑石粉性味甘、寒。滑石粉Talcpowder能利尿，清热解暑。一般作中间传热体，用以拌炒药物，能使药物受热均匀。常以滑石粉炒的药物有刺猬皮、鱼鳔等。Talcpowdertastesweet,cold.Itcandiuresisandclearheat.Generallyusedasanintermediateheattransferbody,usedtostirthemedicine,canmakethemedicineheatevenly.Drugsoftenfriedwithtalcpowderarehedgehogskin,fishbladderandsoon.Solidauxiliarymaterial固体辅料味咸，性寒。蛤粉Clammeal作为传热介质，使药物受热均匀，主要用于烫制胶类药物。如阿胶、鹿角胶等。Saltytaste,coldnature.Asaheattransfermedium,thedrugisheatedevenly,mainlyusedforironinggluedrugs.Suchasejiao,antlerglueandsoon.第叁节中药炮制技术课程简介中药饮片的质量要求QualityrequirementsofTCMdecoctionpiecesQualityrequirementsofTCMdecoctionpieces中药饮片的质量要求QualityrequirementsofTCMdecoctionpieces中药饮片的质量要求以《中国药典》、《全国炮制规范》和《饮片质量标准通则》规定为标准。Accordingtotheprovisionsof"ChinesePharmacopoeia","NationalProcessingStandard"and"GeneralRulesforthequalitystandardofDecoctionPieces".--ThereareotherprovisionsintheGeneralRulesofQualityStandardsforChineseMedicinePreparedPieces(Trial).——《中药饮片质量标准通则（试行）》还有其他一些规定。壹贰肆叁Friedriceshouldbehotbutnotscorched.炒黄品应该挂火色但不能焦Allcharproductsshouldnotbeburntblack.炒炭品不能全部变为焦黑色Thecolorofthefriedproductsshouldbeeven.炒制品的色泽应该均匀Flowers,leavesandcutpiecesshouldretaintheiroriginalcolor.花、叶类以及切制后的饮片应该保留原来的色泽第肆节中药炮制技术课程简介中药饮片的贮存与保管StorageandcustodyofChinesemedicinedecoctionpiecesStorageandcustodyofChinesemedicinedecoctionpieces中药饮片的贮存与保管StorageandcustodyofChinesemedicinedecoctionpieces中药饮片的贮存与保管中药饮片的在贮藏保管中常见的变异现象CommonvariationinthestorageandstorageofTCMdecoctionpieces.主要为：Themainonesare:巴豆Croton发霉Gomouldy泛油Oilspill变色Changecolor气味散失Odourloss风化weathering潮解溶化Deliquescencedissolves粘连synechia挥发volatilize腐烂decomposeStorageandcustodyofChinesemedicinedecoctionpieces中药饮片的贮存与保管影响中药饮片变异的自然因素CommonvariationinthestorageandstorageofTCMdecoctionpieces.1.自然因素对炮制药品的影响主要有以下几个方面：温度、湿度、空气、日光1.Naturalfactorsaffecttheprocessingofdrugsmainlyinthefollowingaspects:temperature,humidity,air,daylight.温度temperature湿度humidness空气air日光sunlightStorageandcustodyofChinesemedicinedecoctionpieces中药饮片的贮存与保管影响中药饮片变异的自然因素CommonvariationinthestorageandstorageofTCMdecoctionpieces.传统的贮藏保管法Traditionalstorage清洁养护法Cleanmaintenancemethod通过清洁和消毒，杜绝害虫感染的途径。Eliminatethepathofpestinfectionthroughcleaninganddisinfection.防湿养护法Moisture-proofcuring利用吸湿物，吸收潮湿空气中的水分，以保持仓库凉爽而干燥的环境。Usemoi