2025年高一英语寒假衔接讲练 (译林版)第07讲 阅读理解(知识讲解+名校新题练)(教师版)

第07讲阅读理解目录新知导航：熟悉题型、掌握知识脉络基础知识：知识点全面梳理，掌握必备重点记忆：关键点快速记忆，提升能力小试牛刀：考点剖析+过关检测，合理应用阅读理解是高考试题中的重头戏，因此阅读理解试题的分数的得失成为高考英语成败的关键。任何一位作者都会有自己的写作意图，任何一篇文章都会有自己的中心主旨，而能否明晰作者的写作意图，能否把握文章的主旨，是理解一篇文章的关键，也是阅读水平高低的体现。为了考察考生对文章的理解程度和阅读水平，出题者必然会以各种方式对作者的写作意图与文章的主旨要义进行考察。一般来说，文章的主旨经常会被表述在文章的首尾中，首尾既包括文章的首段尾段，又包括每一段的段首句和段尾句。要想快速把握文章中心，文本之首尾段和各段之首尾句是最佳切入点，因此高一的同学们应格外注意英语阅读理解的理解和应用，注意其解题过程。先看问题，再读文章做阅读理解是先看问题，还是先看文章，这是很多同学经常问的问题。我觉得这两种方法各有利弊，应视具体情况而定。就阅读广告而言，还是先看问题比较好，因为广告类的试题绝大部分是寻找信息的题目，大可不必从头读到尾，带着问题有针对性地去跳读、略读，这样就可以节约不少时间。抓住广告的标题如果广告有标题，大标题下又有小标题，那么，快速寻找原文信息时，这些标题就成了很重要的线索，可以帮助我们快速准确地找到答案。有些题目考查的就是对广告标题的理解。逐项比较，得出最佳做阅读理解题，切不可凭主观印象，想当然地确定答案。任何一道题目，均可以在原文中找到相关线索，这就如同破译密码一样。做题人的思维过程和编题人的思维过程恰好相反，编题人先找好线索，然后设计问题和选项，解题人根据问题，再去文中找相关线索。因此，我们做题时要逐项比较，排除错误选项，得出最佳答案。4.吃透文章文章大意和中心思想任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨和中心。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨大意，从这一段或这个句子，我们就会知道文章描述的是什么(即文章的主题)，也会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间去浓缩去推断。这类试题主要考查考生略读文章、领会驾驭大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。5.理解文中具体信息文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人员往往会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。6.根据上下文语境，准确推断生词的词义正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础，不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。此外，阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。7.作出简单判断和推理阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息，即作者所要传达的信息。在实际的阅读活动中，有时需要根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。8.准确把握作者的意图、观点和态度每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。”对英语阅读能力的考查是英语高考的重中之重，除阅读理解题外，其他各种题型从单项填空到书面表达尤其是完形填空和短文该错都与我们的英语阅读能力有密切的关系。难怪有的教师在分析高考英语试卷时得出这样的结论“得阅读者得天下”。细节理解题直接信息题★解题方略①认真阅读题干，根据关键词明确答题方向②运用略读及查读技巧迅速找到文中与问题相关的信息③仔细比较所给选项，与原文信息对应，锁定正确选项设题方式①When/Wheredidthestoryhappen?②Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)correct/wrong/false?③Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)mentioned/includedinthepassage?④WhowouldmostprobablyenterforTakeaview?⑤Allthestatementsaretrueexcept________.⑥WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabout________？⑦Whichofthemaps/diagramsshowstherightpositionof...?2.间接信息题★解题方略①阅读题干，有针对性地扫读原文，锁定相关词句等信息②仔细比较选项和原文信息，选择正确或最佳的答案③准确理解每个选项的意思，寻找与原文信息相关的同义词，近义词或反义词设题方式①Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage?②Bythefirstsentenceofthepassage,theauthormeansthat…？③What’stherightorderoftheeventsrelatedto…?④Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat…⑤Whatwasthereasonfor…?⑥Whatcanwelearnaboutthepetlizard…?3.数字计算题★解题方略①明确题干要求，锁定原文相关信息②对相关信息和数字进行分析和理解③利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案设题方式①Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttoworkwiththeelderly?②Howmany/Howmuch...?推理判断题1.隐含与预测推断★解题方略①锁定题干中infer，conclude，suggest，imply，indicate，assume等词，明确答题方向②根据语篇，对事件可能产生的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行推理③浏览四个选项，首先排除与原文信息一样的选项④立足原文，结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行合乎逻辑的推断设题方式①Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.②Accordingto...,wecaninferthat.③Thestoryimpliesthat.④Comparedwithothersimilarproducts,thenewdesign________.⑤Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.⑥Thepassage/writer/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat________.⑦Wecaninferfromthe(first/last)passagethat________.⑧Theunderlinedsentenceindicatesthat________.⑨Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?2.文章出处题★解题方略①原则：从文章的内容或结构判断起出处②方法对号入座—— 报纸：前面常会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称广告：格式特殊，容易辨认产品说明：常含有操作方式、使用方法等网页：常还有网页的典型用语设题方式①Thetextismostlikelytobetakenfrom________.②Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?③Thepassageislikelytoappearin_________.④Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?⑤Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?⑥Wherecanthetextbefound?3.观点态度题——关键词句法★解题方略①选项常用词汇--subjective/objective/neutral/indifferent/unclearpositive/approval/optimistic/hopefulnegative/disapproval/critical/pessimistic/doubtful/skeptical②关键词句法——全面理解文章的内容和中心思想抓住体现人物观点态度的关键句或列举的事例注意流露作者思想倾向或感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词设题方式①Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.②Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?③Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat________.④Theattitudeoftheauthortowardssomebody/somethingis________.⑤Theauthor'sattitudetowards...canbebestdescribedas________.⑥Thetoneofthispassageisbestdescribedas_______.⑦Whatdoestheauthormostlikelywanttotellus?⑧WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorsoonafterhemovedtoLondon?词句猜测题1.词(短语)义猜测题★解题方略①依据构词法猜测词(短语)义——合成、派生、转化②依据反义词和对比关系猜测词(短语)义——but/yet/however/nevertheless/while/whereas/otherwise/orelse/unlike/instead/ratherthan/bycontrast/comparedto/onthecontrary/ontheotherhand③依据定义、解释或同位关系猜测词(短语)义——tobedefinedas/tobecalled/thatistobe/tomean/toreferto/thatis(tosay)/inotherwords/namely④依据上下文猜测词(短语义)——因果关系、同位关系、对比关系、转折关系设题方式①Accordingtothepassage,theword“…”probablymeans_______.②Theunderlinedword“…”means_____.③Whatdoestheword“…”meaninthesecondparagraph?④Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpart?⑤Asusedinthepassage,thephrase“…”suggests_______.⑥Theword...couldbestbereplacedby________.⑦Theauthorusestheword...tomean________.2.指代猜测题★解题方略①方法——宏观把握——充分把握代词指代所在的段落或前面段落的整体意义微观入手——抓住关键词或关键句，理清逻辑关系②人称代词——it,they,them,he,she等③不定代词——something,anything,someone,anyone等④指示代词——this,that,these,those等设题方式Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“...”standsfor?Theword...couldbestbereplacedby________.Inthe...paragraph,theword...means(refersto)________.Accordingtothepassage，...probablymeans________.主旨大意题1.归纳文章标题★解题方略①方法——中心句法——根据文章中心句，提炼主题词充当文章标题1=1——当文章的写作对象特点较多时，常用写作对象的名称充当文章的题目1+1=1将文章的写作对象和其主要特点、意义或影响整合充当文章的题目②特点——概括性——抽象、准确、简短，常用一个短语或一句话针对性——标题外延恰当，与文章内容相符，避免以偏概全醒目性——新颖奇特，激发读者的阅读兴趣设题方式①Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe________.②Thetext/passagecouldbeentitled________.③Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?④Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?⑤Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?⑥Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?⑦Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis________.⑧Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?2.概括文章大意(主旨大意)★解题方略①借助段落主题句归纳——常见位置——段首、段中、段末②借助文章主题段归纳——常见位置——首段(新闻报道、议论文、说明文)、末段(记叙文、议论文)③借助主题词归纳——抓住文中出现频率较高的主题词，然后对其进行概括和归纳，确定文章的主旨大意设题方式Thispassagechieflydealswith/ismainlyconcernedabout________.②What'sthetopicofthearticle?③Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?④Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned?⑤What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?⑥Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis________.⑦Fromthepassageweknowthat________.⑧Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?⑨Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?⑩Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily________.Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout________.3.段落大意题★解题方略方法1：概括段落大意要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。如该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首；如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾；如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间；如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。方法2：揣摩段落大意有时，作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示给读者，这就需要读者充分发挥想象力与判断力，揣摩段落大意。设题方式①WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?②Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis______.③Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.④WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizePara.1?4.篇章结构题★解题方略(1)段落(篇章)论证方式——按照事物发展的顺序、按照事件的先后顺序、按照人物的活动内容、按照地点和空间的变换(2)四步解题法——①抓文章中心句——重视文章首段和末段②抓段落中心句——重视段落首句和尾句③看段间逻辑关系——总分式结构：总——分；总——分——总；分——总对照式结构——一正一反并列式结构——平行关系，相对独立④对比选项定答案设题方式①Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?②Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructure/organizationofthepassage?③Thesecondparagraphisdevelopedby?④Thepassageismainlydeveloped/organizedby_______?⑤Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?阅读理解Passage1(2023上·江苏·高一校联考阶段练习)WhenArielRojasrodeherbiketoBayWildlifeReserveinQueens,NewYork,lastNovember,sheplannedtogohikingandbird-watching.Amileintoherwalk,shesuddenlyspottedabeautifulswanstrugglingnearthewater’sedge.Ariel,30,whohadworkedattheWildBirdRecoveryCenterinManhattanknewthatswanswerelikelytoviewherasapredatorandattackherbutassheapproachedthisone,itdidn’tmove.Shewascertainthatthebirdneededmedicalattention,soshecoveredherjacketoverthebird’sheadtokeepitcalm,gentlypickeditupbutthenathoughtstruckher:WhatshouldIdonext?ThenearestWildBirdRecoveryCenterwasacrosstheEastRiverandclearontheothersideoftown.Howwasshegoingtocarrya17-poundswanonherbikeallthatway?Luckily,somestrangersdrivingbyofferedher,herbike,andtheswanalifttoanearbysubwaystation.Onthesubway,nooneseemedtobeparticularlybotheredbythefeatheredpassenger.“Oneguy,”saidAriel,“wassittingrightinfrontofmeonhisphone.Idon’tknowifheevennoticedtherewasaswaninfrontofhim.”Rojascalledthecenterontheway,andTristanHiggin,ananimal-caremanager,pickedherupatthesubwaystationanddrovebird,bike,andRojastothefacility.There,staffmembersdeterminedthattheswanmighthaveheavymetalpoisoning,causedbytakinginweightsusedonfishinglines.Thestaffgottheswanbackuponherfeet,Sheevenmadefriendsatthecenter—anotherinjuredswan.Sadly,evenwithallthatlovingcare,theswandidn’tpickup.TwomonthsafterRojascametoheraid,shepassedaway.It’sadisappointingending,buttherealstoryisjusthowfarsomepeoplearewillingtogotosaveaswaninthebigcity.Inall,Rojastraveledtwohoursbyfoot,car,andsubwaywhiledraggingherbike.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“predator”inparagraph1mean?A.Apotentialvolunteer, B.Alikelyaudience. C.Apotentialkiller. D.Alikelyhelper.2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.ItwaseasyforArieltocarrythelittleswan. B.Theswanranintoherwayandwashit.C.Rojassenttheswantothecenterallbyherself. D.Theswanwaskindlyandlovinglytreated.3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeRojas?A.Kind-heartedandimaginative. B.Caringandhelpful.C.Strong-mindedandenergetic. D.Positiveandcreative.i4.Whatmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?A.APoorSwanSavedbyLove. B.AVolunteerLovingandSavingBirds.C.LovingHonkstoSaveSwans. D.APoorSwanSurroundedwithLove.【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了ArielRojas营救一只受伤天鹅的故事，虽然经过爱心营救，天鹅不久还是死去，警示人们“为了保护天鹅鸟类，要按响汽车喇叭(不要撞伤它们)”。1.词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“andattackher(并攻击她)”以及“butassheapproachedthisone,itdidn’tmove(但当她靠近这只天鹅时，它没有动)”说明正常情况下天鹅会把她当成可能的敌人而攻击她，从而推知“Ariel,30,whohadworkedattheWildBirdRecoveryCenterinManhattanknewthatswanswerelikelytoviewherasapredator(30岁的Ariel曾在曼哈顿的野生鸟类恢复中心工作，她知道天鹅很可能会把她视为predator)”句中划线单词意思是“可能的敌人”，C项“潜在的杀手”与之最为接近。故选C项。2.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Howwasshegoingtocarrya17-poundswanonherbikeallthatway?Luckily,somestrangersdrivingbyofferedher,herbike,andtheswanalifttoanearbysubwaystation.(她怎么能背着一只17磅重的天鹅一路骑自行车呢？幸运的是，一些开车经过的陌生人让她、她的自行车和天鹅搭便车去附近的地铁站。)”等内容可知，天鹅很重，不容易搬运，并且，一路上不是她完全自己把天鹅送去中心的，故排除AC项；根据第一段中“Amileintoherwalk,shesuddenlyspottedabeautifulswanstrugglingnearthewater’sedge.(走了一英里后，她突然发现一只美丽的天鹅在水边挣扎。)”可知，天鹅不是在路上被她遇到的，排除B项；根据最后一段中“Sadly,evenwithallthatlovingcare,theswandidn’tpickup.(可悲的是，即使有了这么多的关爱，天鹅也没有恢复正常。)”等内容可知，这只天鹅受到了热情体贴的关怀。故选D项。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It’sadisappointingending,buttherealstoryisjusthowfarsomepeoplearewillingtogotosaveaswaninthebigcity.Inall,Rojastraveledtwohoursbyfoot,car,andsubwaywhiledraggingherbike.(这是一个令人失望的结局，但真实的故事是，在这个大城市里，某些人为了拯救天鹅，愿意奔走多远。总共，罗哈斯拖着她的自行车，步行、开车、乘地铁走了两个小时。)”可知，Rojas为了救助天鹅，不辞劳苦，从而推知，她是个有爱心乐意施助的人。故选B项。4.主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Luckily,somestrangersdrivingbyofferedher,herbike,andtheswanalifttoanearbysubwaystation.(幸运的是，一些开车经过的陌生人让她、她的自行车和天鹅搭便车去附近的地铁站。)”和最后一段“It’sadisappointingending,buttherealstoryisjusthowfarsomepeoplearewillingtogotosaveaswaninthebigcity.Inall,Rojastraveledtwohoursbyfoot,car,andsubwaywhiledraggingherbike.(这是一个令人失望的结局，但真正的故事是，在这个大城市里，一些人愿意在多大程度上拯救一只天鹅。总的来说科多瓦·罗哈斯步行、乘车和地铁，历经两个小时，还拖着她的自行车。)可知，文章讲述了ArielRojas在散步时发现了一只需要救助的天鹅。最终在陌生的司机等人不断帮助下，她成功将天鹅送到了康复中心。这个故事展示了人们为拯救野生动物所付出的努力。C项“挽救天鹅的爱的鸣笛”为最佳标题，充分体现了在ArielRojas救助天鹅途中各个陌生司机给予的帮助和ArielRojas的爱心。故选C项。Passage2(2023上·江苏无锡·高一泰州中学校联考阶段练习)Inthepastfiveyears,arevolution(革命)hasgatheredpaceinthetransportsector.Electriccarshavehitthemainstream.Thelatestfiguresreleasedon26AprilbytheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)suggestalmostone-in-fivenewcarssoldworldwidethisyearwillbeeitherafull-batteryorplug-inhybrid(插电式混合动力)models.Intotal,14millionofthesekindsofvehiclesareexpectedtobesoldthisyear,upfromaroundamillionin2017.Thisexplosivegrowthisatestamenttoindustryinnovationandgovernmentinterventions(干预).Fallingbatterycostshavedeliveredlonger-rangecars,boostingtheirconsumerappeal.Meanwhile,governmentpolicies,includingupcomingrestrictionsonthesaleofnewpetrolanddiesel(柴油)carsinsomecountries,havecausedpeopletochoosezero-emissiondriving.Butalthoughelectrificationoftheglobalvehiclefleetbringsclimatebenefits,thereisalsocauseforconcern.SUVshavebeengrowinginpopularityinrecentyears,accountingfor42%ofallcarsalesin2020.Atthesametime,electricSUVshavealsogainedground,representingroughly35%ofelectricpassengercarsalesin2022.ElectricSUVsarestillgreenerthantheirpetrolanddieselcounterparts,buttheirsizeandweighterasesomeoftheclimategainsfrommovingtoelectricvehicles.Theirlargerbatteriesalsorequiremorerawminerals,puttingextrapressureonalreadystretchedglobalsupplies.“Thetrendtowardslargercarsisdefinitelynotdesirableatall,”saysChristianBrandfromtheUniversityofOxford.Airpollutionisanotherworry.“Thebenefitofmovingtoanelectricvehicle,fromanexhaust(废气)emissionpointofviewisprettysmall,”saysFrankKellyfromImperialCollegeLondon.Andsinceelectricvehiclesstillproducepollutionfromtheirtyres,brakesandroadwear,airpollutionwon’tfullygoaway.“We’restillgoingtohaveaprettybigprobleminourcities,”saysKelly.Assuch,governmentsmustdomoretoreducecardependency,particularlyinurbanareas,saysKelly.“Cleanpublictransportisthesolutiontoourairpollutionprobleminurbanareas.”hesays.5.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Howthecarindustrytransformed.B.Whypeopleturntoelectricvehicles.C.Apredictionofthecarindustry’sfuture.D.Acomparisonbetweenelectricvehiclesandtraditionalones.6.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedpart“gainedground”inparagraph4?A.Metwithopposition. B.Controlthemarket.C.Madesignificantprogress. D.Goneintogradualdecline(下降).7.WhatdoesKellysuggestpeopledo?A.Usepublictransport. B.Sharecarswithothers.C.Stopusingpetrolvehicles. D.Choosesmallerelectricvehicles.8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Electricvehiclesarerapidlytakingoff—butisthatagoodthing?B.Thefutureofelectricvehiclesandmaterialresources?C.Howgreenareelectricvehicles?Well,thatdepends.D.DidSUVsjustwintheelectricvehiclemarket?【答案】5.B6.C7.A8.A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了电动汽车行业迅速发展，但是也有令人担忧的理由。5.主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Thisexplosivegrowthisatestamenttoindustryinnovationandgovernmentinterventions( 干预 ).Fallingbatterycostshavedeliveredlonger-rangecars,boostingtheirconsumerappeal.Meanwhile,governmentpolicies,includingupcomingrestrictionsonthesaleofnewpetrolanddiesel( 柴油 )carsinsomecountries,havecausedpeopletochoosezero-emissiondriving.(这种爆炸式增长是行业创新和政府干预的证明。电池成本的下降带来了续航里程更远的汽车，提高了它们对消费者的吸引力。与此同时，政府的政策，包括即将在一些国家限制销售新的汽油和柴油汽车，促使人们选择零排放驾驶。)”可知，文章第三段主要讲述了为什么人们转向电动汽车。故选B。6.词句猜测题。根据上文“SUVshavebeengrowinginpopularityinrecentyears,accountingfor42%ofallcarsalesin2020.(近年来，SUV越来越受欢迎，到2020年占汽车总销量的42%。)”和下文“...representingroughly35%ofelectricpassengercarsalesin2022.(……到2022年约占电动乘用车销量的35%。)”可知，与此同时，电动SUV也取得了进展，由此可推知，gainedground意为“取得重大进展”。故选C。7.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““Cleanpublictransportisthesolutiontoourairpollutionprobleminurbanareas.”hesays.(“清洁的公共交通是解决城市空气污染问题的办法。”他说。)”可知，Kelly建议人们使用公共交通。故选A。8.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Inthepastfiveyears,arevolutionhasgatheredpaceinthetransportsector.Electriccarshavehitthemainstream.(在过去的五年里，一场革命在交通运输领域加快了步伐。电动汽车已经成为主流。)”和文章第四段“Butalthoughelectrificationoftheglobalvehiclefleetbringsclimatebenefits,thereisalsocauseforconcern.(但是，尽管全球汽车的电气化带来了气候效益，但也有令人担忧的理由。)”可知，文章主要讲述了电动汽车行业迅速发展，但是也有令人担忧的理由。A项：Electricvehiclesarerapidlytakingoff—butisthatagoodthing?(电动汽车正在迅速起飞——但这是一件好事吗？)是合适的标题。故选A。Passage3(2023上·江苏·高一校联考阶段练习)“Thesedogsaremycompanions,”saysDarrenEgan,a12-year-olddogtrainer,asheissittingonIndie,his44-kiloAmericanBully(斗牛犬).“Itrustthem.”Darrenandhisdad,Michael,havedriven17hoursfromIrelandtocompeteinChampsCamp,adogshowrunthismonthbytheUKBullyKennelClub.They’veevenbroughttogetherloversoftheBully,akindofdogknownforitsstrengthandstrongwilltoattack.BulliescameintoAmericaroughlyadecadeago.Yet,recentlytherehasbeengrowingconcernaboutwhethersomebulliesarebynatureeasiertoattackpeople,nomatterwhotheowneris.Bullyxls,thelargesttype,havekilledeightpeoplesince2021,includingtwothisyear.Whatisespeciallyalarmingisthatbothpeoplewhowerekilledthisyearwereexperiencedindealingwithdogs.BullyWatch,anorganizationresponsibleforcontrollingtheirbirth,claimsbulliescarriedout45%ofalldogattacksthisyear.InoneweekinJuly,bullieskilledsevenotherdogs,Bullyownersandothers,includingtheDogControlAssociationwantofficialstotargetindividualdogsthatactdangerously.ThosewhoattendChampsCampsaythebulliesaremisunderstood.Ownersshowofftheirdogs’gentlenature.“I’dputmybaby’shandinhismouth.”saysoneman.Anothertellshowhispetisusedasatreatmentinanoldpeople’shome.Therealproblem,theysay,isownerswhocannotcontroltheiranimals.Theirbirthcontrollingisanotherissue,BullyWatchreportsthat97%ofbulliesarebornillegally.TheDailyMirrorisapplyingforaban(禁令)onraisingthem,InJuly,aministersaidabanwasanoptionPressureforonegrowswithnewsofeveryhorribleattack.However,atChampsCamp,therewaslittleconcernthatchangewouldcomesoon.Peoplewhosupportabanarewelcomedbyanumberofownersshouting“beatyou.”Sometimes,ownersaremorefrighteningthantheirdogs.9.WhatcanpeopledoinChampsCamp?A.Watchexcitingfightsamongdogs. B.Showgoodqualitiesoftheirdogs.C.Callonpeopletocontroldogs’birth. D.Enjoydogs’companyasatreatment.10.Whyarepeopleworried?A.Therearetoomanybulliesaroundthem, B.Chancesarethatbulliescanattackpeople.C.Bulliesaretoogentleforownerstoraise, D.Theownersaretoocrazyabouttheirpets,11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthebanonraisingbullies?A.Unclear. B.Negative. C.Positive. D.Unconcerned.12.Whatcanbeinferredaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Ownersofbulliesaremorefrighteningthantheirdogs.B.Thebanonraisingbulliesiscertaintotakeeffect.C.Ownersofbulliesarestronglyagainsttheban.D.Individualdogsthatactdangerouslywillbetargeted.【答案】9.B10.B11.A12.C【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了斗牛犬在美国攻击人的现象引起了人们的担心，以及斗牛犬主人对禁止饲养斗牛犬这一禁令的态度。9.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Darrenandhisdad,Michael,havedriven17hoursfromIrelandtocompeteinChampsCamp,adogshowrunthismonthbytheUKBullyKennelClub.”(达伦和他的爸爸迈克尔从爱尔兰开了17个小时的车，来参加本月由英国斗牛犬俱乐部举办的ChampsCamp狗展。)以及第三段中“ThosewhoattendChampsCampsaythebulliesaremisunderstood.Ownersshowofftheirdogs’gentlenature.”(参加ChampsCamp的人说，斗牛犬被误解了。主人们炫耀他们的狗狗温顺的天性。)可知，人们在ChampsCamp可以展示他们狗的良好品质。故选B项。10.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yet,recentlytherehasbeengrowingconcernaboutwhethersomebulliesarebynatureeasiertoattackpeople,nomatterwhotheowneris.Bullyxls,thelargesttype,havekilledeightpeoplesince2021,includingtwothisyear.Whatisespeciallyalarmingisthatbothpeoplewhowerekilledthisyearwereexperiencedindealingwithdogs.”(然而，最近人们越来越关注一些斗牛犬是否天生就更容易攻击人，不管主人是谁。自2021年以来，最大类型的斗牛犬已经造成8人死亡，其中包括今年的两人。尤其令人担忧的是，今年被杀的两个人都有与狗打交道的经验。)可知，人们担心的原因是斗牛犬可能会攻击人。故选B项。11.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“TheDailyMirrorisapplyingforaban(禁令)onraisingthem,InJuly,aministersaidabanwasanoptionPressureforonegrowswithnewsofeveryhorribleattack.”(《每日镜报》正在申请禁止养斗牛犬。7月，一位部长表示，禁令是一种选择，随着每一起恐怖袭击的新闻，人们的压力越来越大。)可知，对于禁止饲养斗牛犬的态度，在文章中并未明确表述作者本人的立场，文章描述了支持禁令的《每日镜报》的举措，和一位部长的评论，但并没有直接表达作者本人对禁止饲养斗牛犬立场。作者保持了一定的距离和中立性，报道了不同群体的看法而没有表现出自己的偏好。由此可推知，作者对禁止养斗牛犬的态度是不明确的，不清楚的。故选A项。12.推理判断题。根据最后一段“However,atChampsCamp,therewaslittleconcernthatchangewouldcomesoon.Peoplewhosupportabanarewelcomedbyanumberofownersshouting“beatyou.”Sometimes,ownersaremorefrighteningthantheirdogs.”(然而，在ChampCamp，几乎没有人担心变化会很快到来。那些支持禁止饲养斗牛犬的人被许多主人用“揍你”的呼喊声欢迎。有时候，主人比他们的狗更可怕。)可推知，斗牛犬的主人强烈反对这一禁令。故选C项。Passage4(2023上·江苏连云港·高一统考期中)Whileahealthydiethasalwaysbeenconsiderednecessaryforfitness,manyhospitalshavefailedtonoticeitspowerfulpotentialforcuring.Insomeareas,that’sbeginningtochange.InPennsylvaniafouryearsago,St.Luke’sHospitalpartneredwithRodaleInstitutetostartanorganicproduce(有机农产品)farmatthehospital’scampusinEaston.Sinceitsfirstseason,theSt.Luke’sfarmhasbecomegreaterinsize.Today,St.Luke’ssendsallnewmothershomewithabasketoforganicproduce.Newmomsaren’ttheonlyonesbenefitingfromthefarm’sgenerousactions.Organicproduceisalsoservedtopatients.Meanwhile,itiscookedupincafeteriasoperatedbythehospital’ssix-campusnetworkandsoldatnearbyfarmers’markets.Whilesomehospitalsaregettingfoodfromnearbyfarms,othersareturningunusedlandontheirgroundsintocommunity(社区)gardens.Eventhoughmosthospitalfarmsaren’tgrowingenoughtocompletelygivetheirworkersandpatientsfoodneeds,providingevenasmallamountoffreshproducemakeseducationalinformationabouthowhealthyanddeliciousaplant-richdietcanbe.Whilethefarm-to-hospitalmovementcontinuestogainsupport,it’sexperiencingsomechallengesalongtheway.Forone,healthworkersdon’tnecessarilyknowhowtogrowfood.Thismeansthatmosthospitalsneedtohireafull-timefarmerandotherfarmlabortomanagetheland,whichcanbeexpensive.Ittakesbetween3and5yearsformosthospitalfarmstomakethecostandincomeequal.Evenso,thesehospitalsbelievethatthebenefitsareworthwhile.Asthemovementcontinuestoenlarge,youmightsoonexperienceafarm-freshmealatahospitalnearyou.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“its”inParagraph1referto?A.RodaleInstitute’s. B.St.Luke’sfarm’s.C.Thecommunity’s. D.St.Luke’shospital’s.14.WhatcanwelearnaboutSt.Luke’sHospital?A.Itoperatesahospitalfarmalone.B.Itsellsorganicproducetopatients.C.Itpaysmuchlessattentiontoahealthydiet.D.Itoffersnewmomsorganicproduceforfree.15.Whydosomehospitalscreatecommunitygardens?A.Togetplantsfromthecommunity.B.Tomakefulluseofthegreenland.C.Tooffertheirworkersenoughfood.D.Toeducatepeopleonaplant-richdiet.16.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Managinghospitalfarmscostsnothing.B.Hospitalfarmswillbenefitmorepeople.C.Farm-to-hospitalmovementisworthless.D.Healthworkershavetolearntogrowfood.【答案】13.B14.D15.D16.B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了医院开始意识到健康饮食更深远的作用，故而开展了种植有机植物的“农场到医院”运动。13.词句猜测题。根据第一段中“InPennsylvaniafouryearsago,St.Luke’sHospitalpartneredwithRodaleInstitutetostartanorganicproduce(有机农产品)farmatthehospital’scampusinEaston.Sinceitsfirstseason,theSt.Luke’sfarmhasbecomegreaterinsize.(四年前，在宾夕法尼亚州，圣卢克医院与Rodale研究所合作，在医院位于伊斯顿的院区里开办了一个有机农产品农场。从第一季开始，圣卢克农场的规模就变得更大了)”可知，圣卢克医院与Rodale研究所合作开办了圣卢克农场，从这个农场的第一季开始，它的规模就变得更大了，故“its”是指代“圣卢克农场的”。故选B。14.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Today,St.Luke’ssendsallnewmothershomewithabasketoforganicproduce.Newmomsaren’ttheonlyonesbenefitingfromthefarm’sgenerousactions.(今天，圣卢克医院会给所有新妈妈送一篮子有机农产品回家。新妈妈们并不是唯一从农场的慷慨举动中受益的人)”可知，圣卢克农场为初为人母的人免费提供有机农产品。故选D。15.细节理解题。根据第三段“Whilesomehospitalsaregettingfoodfromnearbyfarms,othersareturningunusedlandontheirgroundsintocommunity(社区)gardens.Eventhoughmosthospitalfarmsaren’tgrowingenoughtocompletelygivetheirworkersandpatientsfoodneeds,providingevenasmallamountoffreshproducemakeseducationalinformationabouthowhealthyanddeliciousaplant-richdietcanbe.(虽然一些医院从附近的农场获取食物，但其他医院正在将其场地上未使用的土地变成社区花园。尽管大多数医院农场的产量不足以完全满足他们的工人和病人的食物需求，但提供少量的新鲜农产品也能让人们了解到富含植物的饮食是多么健康和美味)”可知，一些医院建立社区花园是为了教育人们吃富含植物的食物。故选D。16.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Asthemovementcontinuestoenlarge,youmightsoonexperienceafarm-freshmealatahospitalnearyou.(随着这一运动的不断扩大，你可能很快就会在附近的医院里体验到一顿新鲜的农场餐)”可推知，“农场到医院”运动不断扩大，会让更多人受益。故选B。Passage5(2023上·江苏南京·高一统考期中)Seattle’spublicschoolsystemonFridayfiledalawsuit(起诉)againstseveralBigTechcompanies,includingFacebook,TikTok,SnapchatandYouTube,claiming(声称)thattheirplatformshaveanegativeinfluenceonstudents’mentalhealthandtheabilityofitsschoolstocompletetheireducationaltasks.Theschooldistrict,whichisthelargestinthestateofWashingtonwithnearly50,000students,claimedthatinordertoincreasetheirincome,thecompanieshavesuccessfullytakenadvantageofthevulnerable(易受影响的)brainsofyouthtolengthenthetimeusersspendontheirplatforms.Theactiontakenbytheplatformshasbeenakeyfactorincausingyouthmentalhealthproblems,whichhasbeenmarkedbymoreandmoreyouthstrugglingwithanxiety,depression,thoughtsofself-harmandsoon.Asisvisible(可见的),studentsexperiencinganxiety,depression,andothermentalhealthproblemsperformworseinschool,andarelesslikelytoattendschool,morelikelytotakedrugs.Thedistrictcontinuestotakeadditionalstepstotrainteachersandscreenstudentsformentalhealthsymptoms(症状)whomayneedfurthersupport,butitneedsanall-rounded,long-termplanhelpingwiththegrowingmentalhealthproblems.Whileagrowingnumberoffamilieshavefiledlawsuitsagainstsocialmediacompaniesfortheirnegativeinfluenceonthementalhealthoftheirchildren,it’sunusualtoseeaschooldistricttakesuchastep