物流专业英语教程（第4版） 课件 Unit 13-A Electronic Commerce

物流专业英语教程（第4版）主编:张庆英副主编:张梦雅，曾芝兰高等学校专业英语教材PassageAElectronicCommercePassageBB2B:TheRealWorldUNIT13

ElectronicCommerceUNIT13-ATradedItems“Tradeditems”areusedasacollectivetermfortheentitiesthatarepurchasedandsold.Thecharacteristicsoftradeditemsareamajordeterminantoftheformofthetradingmechanism.GoodsandServices

Agoodisanidentifiablephysicalentity,whichis“delivered”,whereasaserviceisanact,whichis“performed”.TradedItemsClassificationPhysicalandDigitalTradedItemsA“digitalitem”isonethatmaybedeliveredorperformedentirelythroughatelecommunicationsnetwork；a“physicalitem”involveslogisticalactivitiessuchasthetransportationofgoods,orofthepersonand/orfacilitiesTradedItemsClassificationDegreeofProductizationAproductisanormalofferingbyasupplier,whichcanbeorderedsimplybynominatingaproduct-identifier.TradedItemsClassificationDocuments,includingarticlesandbooks;Data,includingstatistics;Referenceinformation,includingdictionariesandencyclopedias;News;Weatherforecasts;Projectedsound,suchasspeechesandmusicalperformances;Projectedvideoandvideo-with-sound,includingtelevision,video-conferencingandvideo-clips;Interactivevoice,suchastelephoneconversationsandteleconferencing;Interactivevideoandvideo-with-sound,suchasvideo-conferencing;DigitalGoodsandServicesImages,includingstructuredgraphicssuchasdiagramsandmusicalscores,andphotographs;Entertainment,infotainment,edutainmentandeducationviamulti-media;Bookingsandticketsforliveevents;Software,quitegenerally;Commerceininsurance;Commerceinmoney,includingforeigncurrencies;Commerceinsecurities,andfinancialderivativessuchasstock-based,interest-rate-basedandindex-basedoptions;andCommerceincommodities,andcommoditiesderivativessuchasfutures.DigitalGoodsandServicesMarketSpacesdistinguishthe“location”inwhichelectroniccommerceisconductedfromconventional,physicalmarketplacesItreferstoavirtualcontextinwhichbuyersandsellersdiscoveroneanother,andtransactbusiness.Itisaworkingenvironmentthatarisesfromthecomplexofincreasinglyrichandmaturetelecommunications-basedservicesandtoolsandtheunderlyinginformationinfrastructure.B2B

Micro-enterprises(withc.0-3employees);

SEs(SmallBusinessEnterprises,withc.3-100employees);

MEs(Medium-SizedBusinessEnterprises,withc.100-200/500employees);

LEs(LargeBusinessEnterprises,withc.200/500-5,000employees);

VLEs(VeryLargeBusinessEnterprises,withmoreemployeesthanthat);

Conglomerates(i.e.,largecorporationswithmultiple,relativelyindependentbusinessunits);and

Multinationalcorporations(MNCs).CategorizationofMarketSpacesB2G/G2BB2Greferstoservicedeliverybythegovernmenttobusinessenterprises(forwhich“G2B”wouldmakemoresense),orisconcernedwithregulationbythegovernmentofbusinessenterprises.CategorizationofMarketSpacesB2CThetermB2Ciscommonlyusedtorefertothesalebyabusinessenterprisetoaperson(or“consumer”).abusinessenterprisemayalsobeaconsumer.CategorizationofMarketSpacesC2Ctheuseofelectronictoolstosupporttransactionsbetweenindividuals;“classifiedads”andauctionsofpersonalpossessions;“indirectordeferredreciprocity”CategorizationofMarketSpacesInformationsystemsarecomplexesofhumanandmachine-performedactivitiesthattogetherassistanorganizationintheperformanceofitsfunctions.Intra-organizationalsystemsarethosethataresubstantiallyinternaltooneorganization.Electroniccommerceinvolvesinteractionsamongtheinformationsystemsoftwoormoreorganizations.Supra-organizationalSystems1.Ontheotherhand,thedeliveryorperformanceofa“physicalitem”involveslogisticalactivitiessuchasthetransportationofgoods,orofthepersonand/orfacilitieswherebytheservicewillbeperformed.Notes另一方面，“实物”的交付和履行涉及各种物流活动，如货物、人和/或设备的运输，使得服务过程得以完成。2.Electroniccommercecansupportmostoftheprocessesinvolvedinthepurchasingofphysicalgoodsandservices,withtheexceptionofthelogisticsphaseofthedeliberativemodel,andthegetphaseofthespontaneousmodel.Notes电子商务可为实物商品和服务采购中的大部分过程提供支持，协商模型的物流阶段和自发模型的获取阶段除外。2.Electroniccommercecansupportmostoftheprocessesinvolvedinthepurchasingofphysicalgoodsandservices,withtheexceptionofthelogisticsphaseofthedeliberativemodel,andthegetphaseofthespontaneousmodel.Noteswiththeexceptionofthelogistics…是状语从句，起补充说明的作用。3.Hence,fordigitalgoodsandservices,themarketspaceprovidesacontextsufficientfortheentireprocurementprocess.Notes因此，对于数字产品和服务而言，市场空间为整个采购进程提供了良好的环境。4.Manyobservershavefailedtoallowforthefactthatbusinessenterprisesdiffervastlyintermsoftheirsize,theircapacitytoinvestintechnology,andtheiradaptabilitytonewthreatsandopportunities.Notes很多观察者都没有考虑到这样一个事实，即商业企业在规模、技术投资能力及对新威胁和机遇的适应能力方面存在巨大差距。5.It’sbecomingincreasinglyimportanttorecognizeanadditionalcategory,orthogonaltothesizedimension,forvirtualbusinessenterprises(or“dynamicnetworks”).Notes对于虚拟商务企业（或“动态网络”）而言，认清其种类与规模大小的关系已变得越发重要。Whatarethecommonclassificationschemesfortradeditems?Couldyouprovidesomeexamplesofthedigitalgoodsor