10-2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)-英语试卷

第一部分英语知识运用(共两节,30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。Recently,Itookatriphomebytrain.Igotaseatoppositeamiddle-agedmanwithsharpeyes,whokept1ayoungwomaninawindowseatwithalittleboyonherlap.Thewomanseyefellonthemansface,andsheimmediatelylookeddownand2herscarf.

Asthenightworeon,peoplebegantoclosetheireyes,buttheseatsweresouncomfortablethatonlyaveryheavysleepercouldmanagetogetany3.Thewomanlookedoverattheman.Hewasstillstaringather.Shelookedbackathimwithfireinhereyes.Iwasbeginningtoget4,too.

Thetrainmovedon.Thelittleboywas5awakeonhismotherslap,butthewomandroppedofftosleep.Amomentlater,hebeganto6thehalf-openwindow—onelegwentoverit.Themanjumpedupand7thechildjustbeforehefellout.

The8wokeupthewoman.Sheseemedtobein9,andthenrealitydawned(显现).“Yourchildhasbeenlookingforanopportunitytoclimboutofthewindow,”themansaidashegavethechildbacktoher.“SoIhavebeenwatchingthewholetime.”Thewomanwas10,andsowasI.

1.A.guidingB.botheringC.watching D.monitoring2.A.adjusted B.changedC.packed D.waved3.A.airB.joy C.spaceD.rest4.A.nervous B.embarrassedC.angry D.disappointed5.A.almost B.stillC.hardly D.even6.A.drag B.climbC.knock D.push7.A.grabbed B.rockedC.touched D.picked8.A.alarm B.quarrelC.risk D.noise9.A.sorrow B.reliefC.panic D.pain10.A.astonished B.confusedC.concerned D.inspired第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AWhydowedream?Scientistsarentcompletelysure,andtheyhavediverse11.(idea).Dreamsmightbeasideeffectofmemorymaking.Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverything12.happenedduringtheday,tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.Asit13.(connect)things,yourbrainturnsthemintoastory,andyougetadream.

BSamisanin-real-lifestreamer(播主),andhelivestreamshimselfjustgoingabouthisday.Whileridinghisbikehome14.acoldnight,hecameacrossasad-lookingelderlywomanwanderingthestreetsbyherself.Thepoorwomanwasntabletogivehimanyinformationabout15.shelived.Samwalkedhertoanearbyconveniencestoresothatshecould16.(safe)waitforthepolicetotakeherhome.

CThere17.(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,18.(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.From2000to2019,therewere7,348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld,19.(result)inUSD2,970billionineconomicloss.Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.Thefindingsshowacriticalneed20.(invest)indisasterprevention.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节,38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AIfyouareplanningtostartacareerinthefieldofeducation,science,orculture,thenaninternship(实习)atUNESCOwillbeidealforyou.Whocanapply?●Youhavecompletedyourfull-timeuniversitystudies;or.●Youarestudyinginagraduateprogramforamastersdegree.●Applicantsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnicalinstitution.Whataretherequirements?●Youmustbeatleast20yearsold.●Youshouldhaveagoodcommand(掌握)ofeitherEnglishorFrench.●Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofoffice-relatedsoftware.●Youshouldbeabletoworkwellinateamandadapttoaninternationalworkingenvironment.●Youshouldpossessstronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?●Visa:Youshouldobtainthenecessaryvisas.●Travel:Youmustarrangeandfinanceyourtraveltoandfromthelocationwhereyouwilldoyourinternship.●Medicalinsurance:Youmustshowproofofacomprehensivehealthinsurancevalid(有效的)inthetargetcountryfortheentireperiodoftheinternship.UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurancecoverageuptoUSD30,000fortheinternshipperiod.●Medicalcertificate:Youmustprovideamedicalcertificateindicatingyouarefittowork.●Motivationletter:Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingouttheapplicationform.YourapplicationwillbeaccessedbyUNESCOmanagersandwillstayinourdatabaseforsixmonths.Wedonotrespondtoeverycandidate.Ifselected,youwillbecontactedbyamanager.Ifyoudonotreceiveanyupdatewithinsixmonths,itmeansthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.21.Accordingtothispassage,applicantsarerequiredto.

A.holdamastersdegreeinscience B.haveinternationalworkexperienceC.befluentineitherEnglishorFrench D.presentaletterfromatechnicalinstitution22.WhatwillUNESCOprovidefortheinternshipperiod?A.Limitedmedicalinsurancecoverage. B.Trainingincommunicationskills.C.Amedicalcertificateforwork. D.Financialsupportfortravel.23.Whatshouldapplicantsdobeforefillingouttheapplicationform?A.ContactUNESCOmanagers. B.Getaccesstothedatabase.C.Keepamotivationletterathand. D.Workinateamforsixmonths.BIrememberthedayduringourfirstweekofclasswhenwewereinformedaboutoursemester(学期)projectofvolunteeringatanon-profitorganization.Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatneededourhelp,mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren(OIC).MyfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind.Then,anOICrepresentativegaveussomedetails,whichsomewhatinterestedme.Afterdoingsomeresearch,Ibelievedthatwecouldreallydosomethingforthosekids.WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite,IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren.Theirfacesweresopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespair(绝望)andneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation.Wedecidedtocollectasmanyschoolsuppliesaspossible,andmakethemintokits—onekit,onechild.Themostrewardingdayforourgroupwasprojectday,whenalltheeffortsweputintocollectingtheitemsfinallycametogether.WhenIsawthevarioussupplieswehadcollected,ithitmethateverykitweweretobuildthatdaywouldeventuallybeinthehandsofanIraqichild.Overthepastfourmonths,IhadneverimaginedhowIwouldfeelonceourprojectwascompleted.Whilemakingthekits,IrealizedthatIhadlostsightofthetruemeaningbehindit.IhadonlyfocusedonthefactthatitwasanotherschoolprojectandoneIwantedtogetagoodgradeon.Whenthekitswerecompleted,andreadytobesentoverseas,thewarmfeelingIhadwasoneIwouldneverforget.Inthebeginning,Idaredmyselftomakeadifferenceinthelifeofanotherperson.Nowthatourprojectisover,IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife,butten.Withourefforts,tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation.24.HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutjoiningtheOICprojectinthebeginning?A.Itwouldaffecthis/herinitialplans. B.Itwouldinvolvetravelingoverseas.C.Itwouldnotbringhim/heragoodgrade. D.Itwouldnotliveuptohis/herexpectations.25.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehis/herattitudetowardtheproject?A.ImagesofIraqichildren. B.Researchbyhis/herclassmates.C.Ateachersintroduction. D.Arepresentativescomments.26.TheauthorsOICprojectgroupwouldhelptenIraqichildrento.

A.becomeOICvolunteers B.furthertheireducationC.studyinforeigncountries D.influenceotherchildren27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Onespotentialcannotalwaysbeunderrated. B.Firstimpressioncannotalwaysbetrusted.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Hewhohesitatesislost.CHundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario(情景)thiscentury”.Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworldsmosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.Theinternationalscholarswarningletterdoesntsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories(签署者)ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe“ecologicalfootprint”concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,”Johnsonsaidinanemail.“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,”theDecemberwarninglettersays,“canwehavethehopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm”.Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope(麻醉品)Intheincurableformofhope.Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent(执着)onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness.“Letslookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Scientific. B.Credible.C.Original. D.Relevant.29.Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris.

A.worried B.puzzledC.surprised D.scared30.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits. B.Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized. D.Theglobalcollapseiswellunderway.DEarlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt.Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattimewasunlesssomeoneaskedhim.AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit.Todaysstate-of-the-artatomic(原子的)clockshaveprovenEinsteinright.Evenadvancedphysicscantdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequestionyoureasking.Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute.Whatif,insteadofconsideringtimeintermsofastronomy,werelatedtimetoecology?Whatifweallowedenvironmentalconditionstosetthetempo(节奏)ofhumanlife?WereincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecantcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone,andrealizingthatweneedtomoderate(调节)ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance.Whatifourdefinitionoftimereflectedthat?Recently,Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthatsconnectedtocircumstancesonourplanet,conditionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglobalwarming.WerenowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers,whicharesensitivetolocalandglobalenvironmentalchanges.Weveprogrammedittomatchanatomicclockifthewaterwayscontinuetoflowattheirpresentrate.Iftheriversrunfasterinthefutureonaverage,theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime.Iftheyrunslower,youllseetheoppositeeffect.Theclockregistersbothshort-termirregularitiesandlong-termtrendsinriverdynamics.Itsasortofobservatorythatrevealshowtheriversarebehavingfromtheirowntemporalframe(时间框架),andallowsustowitnessthosechangesonoursmartwatchesorphones.AnyonewhooptstogoonAlaskaMeanRiverTimewillliveinharmonywiththeplanet.Anyonewhoconsidersrivertimeinrelationtoatomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybemotivatedtocounteractitbyconsuminglessfuelorsupportinggreenerpolicies.Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars,earlyagriculturalsocietiesalsoconnectedtimetonaturalphenomena.Inpre-ClassicalGreece,forinstance,people“corrected”officialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwardorbackwardtoreflectthechangeofseason.Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurvival.Likewise,rivertimeandothertimekeepingsystemsweredevelopingmayencourageenvironmentalawareness.WhenSt.Augustineadmittedhisinabilitytodefinetime,hehighlightedoneoftimesmostnoticeablequalities:Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefinedcontext.Anytimekeepingsystemisvalid,andeachisaspraiseworthyasitspurpose.31.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?A.Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonature. B.Everyonecandefinetimeontheirownterms.C.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit. D.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists.32.TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto.

A.presentanassumption B.evaluateanargumentC.highlightanexperiment D.introduceanapproach33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Thosewhodonotgoonrivertimewillliveanimbalancedlife. B.NewwaysofmeasuringtimecanhelptocontrolEarthsystems.C.Atomictimewillgetaheadofrivertimeiftheriversrunslower. D.Moderntechnologymayhelptoshapetheriverstemporalframe.34.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.Itiscrucialtoimprovethedefinitionoftime. B.Afixedframewillmaketimemeaningless.C.Weshouldliveinharmonywithnature. D.Historyisamirrorreflectingreality.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople.35Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccantbeargued.Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmanyotherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes.

36However,forthesamereason,musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain.Bydistracting(分心)themindfromthepain,music,peoplesay,canlowerstressandanxietylevels.This,ofcourse,canleadtolesspain.

Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed.37Whilethevalidityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed,theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure.Similarly,accordingtoresearchers,listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels,throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety.

Whenitcomestohearthealth,thereisspeculation(推测)thatitsnotthestyleofmusic,butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth.InoneEuropeanstudy,participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure.38Ontheotherhand,whenthemusicslowed,theparticipantsstressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit.

39Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor,whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable.

A.Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems.B.Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud.C.Thisideaisalittleoff-the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking.D.Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep.E.Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive.F.Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety.G.Interestingly,themorecheerfulthemusicwas,thefastertheirheartrateswere.第三部分书面表达(共两节,32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分)阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Recentresearchsuggeststhatifanargumentgetsresolved,theemotionalresponsetiedtoitissignificantlyreducedoralmostcompletelyerased.Thus,itmaybeworthbringingupissueswithyourfriends,familymembers,orclassmatesratherthanholdingthemback.Thereisadifferencebetweenarguingandfighting.Arguingisthatyouandyouropponentpresentyourconcernsanddiscussthefeelingsandissuesrelatedtothoseconcerns.Youcanengageinanargumentrespectfullywithoutstirringup(激起)anger.Fighting,however,usuallyinvolvespersonalattacks,raisingofvoices,andstormingout.Discussingyourissuesandresolvingtheminsteadofstuffingthemdowncanimproveyouremotionalhealth.Inastudy,2,000peoplewereaskedtorecordtheirfeelingsandexperiencesforeightdaysinarow.Whenpeoplehadanargumentthattheyconsideredresolved,theyhadhalfthereactivity(情绪反应)ofthosewhoavoidedanargument.Reactivityisanincreaseinnegativeemotionsoradecreaseinpositiveemotions.Inotherwords,resolvinganargumentcutsyournegativefeelingsbyhalf.Onedaylater,peoplewhohadaresolvedargumentreportednoincreaseofnegativeemotionscomparedwiththosewhoavoidedanargument.Thismeansthatresolvinganargumentcanfeellikeyouhavereachedastateofresolution—andyouarelesslikelytobeannoyed.Moreover,theolderyouare,themorelikelyyouwillcometoaresolutionafteranargument.Thismaybebecausemorelifeexperienceusuallyleadstomoredefinedpriorities.Youaremorelikelytodistinguishbetweenwhatmattersandwhatdoesnot.Itiseasiertoavoidadiscussion,butriskingtalkingaboutitmayeventuallyleadtoabetteroutcome.40.Accordingtothispassage,whatisarguing?41.Whyisitthat“theolderyouare,themorelikelyyouwillcometoaresolutionafteranargument”?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Resolvingargumentscanimproveyouremotionalhealth,becauseitincreasesyourreactivityandreducesthechanceofyougettingangry.43.Inadditiontoimprovingemotionalhealth,whatdoyouthinkaresomeotherbenefitsofresolvinganargument?(Inabout40words)第二节(20分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你和英国好友Jim原定本周末一起外出,你因故不能赴约。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件,内容包括:1.表达歉意并说明原因;2.提出建议并给出理由。注意:1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。DearJim,

Yours,LiHua●102021年英语(北京卷)英语知识运用第一节【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在火车上一位男子救下了爬上窗户的顽皮孩子的故事。文章告诉我们:很多事情不能只看表面。1.C根据上文的“withsharpeyes(有着敏锐的目光)”以及第二段的“Hewasstillstaringather(他仍然盯着她看)”可知,中年男子一直在看着(watching)一名年轻的女子。此处为同义词复现。【技巧点拨】利用词汇复现,寻找近义词语词汇复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段。它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起。因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况理解文章的结构和语境,利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。2.A根据空格处and前的动词“lookeddown(低下头)”和空格后提到的围巾可知,女人因为感到尴尬而低头故意整理(adjusted)围巾。3.D根据上文的“Asthenightworeon,peoplebegantoclosetheireyes(夜渐渐深了,人们开始闭上眼睛)”可知,此处指座位太不舒服了,只有睡得很沉的人才能设法休息(rest)。4.C根据“Shelookedbackathimwithfireinhereyes”以及空格后too可知,作者和那位女士的情绪一样是生气的(angry)。5.B根据下文的“butthewomandroppedofftosleep”中的but可知,小男孩仍然(still)醒着。6.B根据下文的“onelegwentoverit”可知,他开始爬上(climb)半开着的窗户——一条腿跨过了窗户。7.A根据“beforehefellout”可知,男人跳起来是为了阻止孩子掉下去,所以要抓住(grabbed)他。8.D根据上文“Themanjumpedupandgrabbedthechildjustbeforehefellout”可知,男人和孩子一定是弄出了很大的声音(noise),把那位女士吵醒了。9.C根据上文可知,女人对男人的印象不好,女人醒来看到男人抓着自己的孩子,一定是恐慌的(panic)。10.A根据空格前的“Yourchildhasbeenlookingforanopportunitytoclimboutofthewindow”和“SoIhavebeenwatchingthewholetime”可知,女人对男人的印象不好,但是男人却在时刻注意着她的孩子,所以女士感到惊讶(astonished)。第二节A【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了我们会做梦的原因。11.ideas考查可数名词的数。句意:科学家们还不能完全确定,他们有不同的想法。diverse意为“不同的,多种多样的”,后接可数名词的复数形式,故填ideas。12.that考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,所填的词引导定语从句,先行词是不定代词everything,关系词在定语从句中做主语,所以填关系代词that。13.connects考查时态。根据主句的谓语动词“turns”可知,从句的谓语动词也应该用一般现在时。由于主语是第三人称单数it,所以填connects。B【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了生活播主Sam救助一个老太太的故事。14.on考查介词。表示“在具体的某一天”或“(在具体的某一天的)早上、中午、晚上”等,须用介词on。15.where考查宾语从句。根据空后的“shelived”可知,此处意为“这个可怜的老太太说不清楚她住在哪里”。根据句意,此处用where引导宾语从句。16.safely考查副词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词修饰动词短语“waitforthepolice”,所以用副词做状语,故填safely。C【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。在过去的20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,造成了极大的经济损失,因此人们急需投资于灾害预防。17.hasbeen考查动词时态。句意:根据联合国的一份新报告,过去20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语“overthepast20years”可知,句子的时态要用现在完成时,主语是adramaticrise,所以填hasbeen。18.caused考查非谓语动词。所填的词和“adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweatherevents”是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用动词-ed形式。19.resulting考查非谓语动词。“7,348majornaturaldisasters”与result是逻辑上的主谓关系,且表示一种自然的结果,所以用动词-ing形式做结果状语。20.toinvest考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词做定语修饰need,表示未来的动作,所以用不定式,故填toinvest。阅读理解第一节A【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了联合国教科文组织的实习项目。21.C细节理解题。根据Whataretherequirements?部分中的“YoushouldhaveagoodcommandofeitherEnglishorFrench.(你应该精通英语或法语)”可知,申请者必须精通英语或法语。故选C项。22.A细节理解题。根据Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?部分中的“UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurancecoverageuptoUSD30,000fortheinternshipperiod.”可知,联合国教科文组织将为实习生提供有限的医疗保险。故选A项。23.C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingouttheapplicationform.”可知,在填写申请表之前,申请人应把动机信准备好。故选C项。B【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者一开始认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目(OIC)不会达到他的期望,但是最后通过努力对自己和他人都带来了影响。24.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“MyfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind.(我对这个组织的第一印象是,它不会对我心中的计划产生足够大的影响)”可知,一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望。故选D项。25.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite,IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren.TheirfacesweresopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespairandneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation.(当我上网访问OIC网站时,我看到了伊拉克儿童的照片。他们的脸上有力地传达出了他们的绝望和需要帮助的信息,我毫不犹豫地加入了这个项目)”可知,伊拉克儿童图片让作者改变了他对这个项目的态度。故选A项。26.B细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Withourefforts,tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation.”可知,作者所在的伊拉克儿童行动组织将帮助十个伊拉克儿童继续接受教育。故选B项。27.B推理判断题。通读全文可知,一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到自己的期望,但是最后通过努力对自己和他人都带来了影响,这说明第一印象并不总是可信的。故选B项。C【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,文章阐述了全球崩塌(globalcollapse)的概念。数百名科学家、作家和学者在去年12月发表的一封公开信中向全人类发出了警告:政策制定者和我们每个人必须直面“全球崩塌”的风险。28.D词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句的“Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableis...(呼吁公众对世界不确定性的关注……)”,结合下文的“...inthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworldsmosttechnologicallyadvancednations.(……此时此刻,在世界上技术最先进的国家,仍处于无法控制流行病和经济危机的泥潭中)”可知,世界充满了不确定性,而此时此刻呼吁人们对这种“unthinkable”加以关注,正是和世界实际情况密切相关的。D项“相关的”符合语境。故选D项。29.A推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.(然而未来崩溃的先行信号很可能被忽略。我们都希望事情在未来会变好)”可知,作者认为公众对“全球崩塌”的重视意识不够,比较担心。故选A项。30.B推理判断题。“Manisavictimofdope;Intheincurableformofhope.(人类是麻醉品的受害者;沉迷于无可救药的幻想中)”表达的是,人类无视未来全球崩塌的巨大危险,把头埋进沙子里,假装不知道,充满着不切实际的幻想和希望。诗歌之后的一段则借学者之口,提到“让我们直面全球崩塌的议题,真正去解决我们看到的可能的糟糕情况,使未来没那么糟”。由此可见,上下文一脉相承,表达相同的观点,没有对另一方的观点有任何呈现。理解文章后可知,作者对于这首诗所表达的信息是赞同的。故选B项。D【语篇导读】本文是议论文。文章通过讨论时间的定义,讲述了人们应该和大自然和谐相处,保护环境。31.B主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Evenadvancedphysicscantdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequestionyoureasking.(即使是先进的物理学也不能决定性地告诉我们时间是什么,因为答案取决于你要问的问题)”以及上文列举的St.Augustine和AlbertEinstein对于时间的定义可知,第一段主要讲述每个人都可以用自己的话来定义时间。故选B项。32.D推理判断题。根据第二段中的“WereincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecantcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone,andrealizingthatweneedtomoderateouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance.(我们越来越意识到,我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统,意识到,如果我们希望保持平衡,我们就需要调节我们的行动)”,再结合三个问题“如果我们不考虑天文学方面的时间,而是将时间与生态学联系起来呢?如果我们允许环境条件来设定人类生活的节奏呢?如果时间的定义反映那些会怎么样呢?”可知,第二段提出的三个问题是为了介绍方法。故选D项。33.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Iftheriversrunfasterinthefutureonaverage,theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime.Iftheyrunslower,youllseetheoppositeeffect.(如果河流在未来的平均运行速度更快,时间就会超过标准时间。如果它们的运行速度较慢,你就会看到相反的效果)”可知,如果河流运行速度得较慢,原子时间将超过河流时间。故选C项。34.C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“...andrealizingthatweneedtomoderateouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance.(意识到,如果我们希望保持平衡,我们就需要调节我们的行动)”和倒数第二段的“