2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题五应用文写作第一讲写作高分技法

专题五应用文写作[研高考·辨考向]考试年份试卷名称考查体裁考查类型题材内容2024新高考全国卷Ⅰ电子邮件半开放类分享在公园上美术课的经历全国甲卷发言稿图表类中国交通的发展浙江卷1月投稿半开放类推荐一项适合课间开展的运动2023新高考全国卷Ⅰ建议信半开放类对外教提出口语分组练习的建议全国甲卷投稿半开放类介绍中国历史人物全国乙卷投稿半开放类分享假期学到的新技能浙江卷1月活动报道半开放类认识我们身边的植物2022新高考全国卷Ⅰ邀请信半开放类邀请外教参加校广播站英语节目访谈全国甲卷投稿半开放类阐述海洋的重要性并发出保护海洋的倡议全国乙卷投稿图表类描述并评论学生英语学习活动调查结果浙江卷6月邀请信半开放类邀请留学生同学一起体验图书馆“小组学习室”浙江卷1月电子邮件半开放类回忆文化节活动的经历[命题特点]►强调为了处理实际生活中的问题而写作，设置更加贴近真实生活的交际场景；►注重惯用格式中体裁和话题的灵活对接，基于体裁，又能根据话题适当展开要点，使内容充实；►提高开放性及灵活性，补充细节需合乎情理和逻辑，达成有效交际。[命题形式]提纲要点式，半开放写作。提纲要点式作文是近几年高考英语应用文写作的热点形式，通常把提纲作文与其他常用体裁(如书信、电子邮件、活动报道、通知、演讲等)有机结合在一起进行考查。其特点如下：1．要点明确，范围具体提纲作文就是把文章的情景和内容要求切割成块，以文本提示、要点提示和图表提示三种形式呈现，写作内容贴近学生的生活实际。如有标题，则用标题指定主题；如有开头首句，则限定文章的起点及走向。2．写作思路更加开放为了提高得分档次，考生要在保证内容要点齐全的同时补充合理的细节。该类型的应用文写作要求合理而又紧扣主题的发挥，灵活地考查英语思维和语言运用能力。[解题步骤]第一步审题审题是写作的前提，是一篇写作成功的关键所在。确保审题正确，才能保证得到基本分。审题要把握两个立足点：体裁和话题。体裁决定写作的文体、对象、人称、时态和语气，将功能性词句与其适用的格式相结合；话题通过要点呈现，通过话题词、语块、语法结构构成完整、准确、丰富、得体、连贯的语言，实现丰富的话题意义和生动的情景呈现，形成文章的亮点。审题五要素审话题根据题目设置的情境，确定文章的中心内容审体裁根据任务要求，确定文章的体裁，从而使用恰当的功能性词句审格式根据任务要求，确定文章的格式审内容根据题目中所给信息和具体要点进行构思，包括文字、表格或图片提示；通过话题相关的表达确定文章的话题意义审语言根据题目设置的情境，确定文章的基本时态、人称与合适的语气等基本要素第二步构思►三段式结构严谨、清晰的行文逻辑是一篇优秀作文的典型特征。确定体裁和话题之后，使用正确规范的句子，进行清晰、合理、通顺的表达，才是满分作文的关键。根据卷面篇幅及考场效率选择最佳组合：三段式结构。基于审题进行谋篇布局，即每部分主要写什么内容，各个要点如何展开，需要增添哪些细节。►功能性词句结合其适用格式根据写作目的和对象，结合各类文体的基本篇章结构，选择合适的功能性词句。有时应用文的考查不局限于一种文体，要注意综合构思，灵活选择。►话题表达展开要点根据写作的主题语境及话题，选择恰当的词句，尤其是课标要求的各类主题语境下的意义表达词句，精准表述，传递信息，最终达成交际的目的。第三步写作在篇章构思的基础上，组织语言，撰写各部分内容。首先要注意内容与主题的密切统一，注重段间、句间的逻辑关系和语义关系，运用恰当的衔接词汇，使文章结构紧凑，行文流畅。第一讲写作高分技法技法1锤词炼句——精准表达，亮点提分语言规范是满分作文的特点。考生要在没有错误的基础上，增添亮点表达。首先，要规范拼写，规避简单错误；其次，词汇基础要扎实，能够灵活使用高级词汇及语块；再次，语法知识要系统，确保正确使用各种语法结构。增分亮点1锤词炼句，地道准确1．精准多样的动词动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。精准的动词能够有效勾画交际场景，多样化的动词能够增加文章的生动性，恰如其分地传递信息和态度。(普通表达)Lastly,theemergenceofnewenergyvehicles,suchaselectriccars,hascausedreducingpollutionandpromotingsustainabledevelopment.→(高级表达)Lastly,theemergenceofnewenergyvehicles,suchaselectriccars,hascontributed/ledtoreducingpollutionandpromotingsustainabledevelopment.(2024·全国甲卷)(普通表达)TheseadvancementsshowChina'sprogressincreatingamodern,efficient,andenvironmentallyfriendlytransportsystem.→(高级表达)TheseadvancementshighlightChina'sprogressincreatingamodern,efficient,andenvironmentallyfriendlytransportsystem.(2024·全国甲卷)(普通表达)TodayIwanttofocusonsomemajordevelopments,whichincludesharedbicycles,high-speedtrainsandnewenergyvehicles.→(高级表达)TodayI'dliketoconcentrate/centreonsomemajordevelopments,whichincludesharedbicycles,high-speedtrainsandnewenergyvehicles.(2024·全国甲卷)2．充满表达力的名词灵活使用一些充满表达力的名词，包括抽象意义的名词、常见动词的同根名词形式或名词词组，能够出众脱俗，为文章增色，成为得分的亮点。(普通表达)Thesunlightandthelightwindmadethewholescenecometolife.→(高级表达)Thesunlightandthegentlebreezemadethewholescenecometolife.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)(普通表达)KnownasaChinesewriterandpoliticianintheSongDynasty,FanZhongyanwashighlyappreciatedbecausehedidalotforsociety.→(高级表达)KnownasaChinesewriterandpoliticianintheSongDynasty,FanZhongyanwashighlyappreciatedbecausehemadegreatcontributionstosociety.(2023·全国甲卷)3．丰富多彩的形容词形容词是用来描述人或者事物的特征、性质、属性或状态的修饰性词汇，最主要的功能是修饰或者限定名词或代词。形容词的恰当使用能够为文章增色。(普通表达)ItwassuchagoodexperiencethatIwouldalwaysrememberitinmymind.→(高级表达)Itwassuchanextraordinary/amemorableexperiencethatIwouldalwayskeepitinmymemory.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)(普通表达)Ichosetopaintalandscapefeaturingacalmlakesurroundedbylivelyflowersandthicktrees.→(高级表达)Ichosetopaintalandscapefeaturingacalmlakesurroundedbyvibrantflowersandthicktrees.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)4．灵活多变的副词副词指在句中表示行为或状态特征的词汇，主要用来作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子。副词的恰当使用能够提高得分的档次。(普通表达)Firstly,sharedbicycleshavebecomeapopularchoiceincities,providinganeco-friendlyandcost-effectivewaytotravelshortdistances.→(高级表达)Tobegin/startwith,sharedbicycleshavebecomeapopularchoiceincities,providinganeco-friendlyandcost-effectivewaytotravelshortdistances.(2024·全国甲卷)增分亮点2丰富表达，妙笔生花高考评分标准中的“复杂结构的运用及较多的语法结构”指句子结构的复合性和句型的多样性。复杂结构的运用，如强调句、倒装句、复合句及含有非谓语动词的高级句式，能彰显考生丰富的语言内涵。但是，在使用这些句式时，应遵循以下原则：高级但不造作，多变但不离谱，复杂但不晦涩。考生平时要注重有意识地积累和背诵原汁原味的英语句子和文章，有意识地尝试使用或模仿。1．非谓语动词，神采飞扬(普通表达)TheStudents'Unionwantedtosparktheinterestintheplantsaroundus.LastSaturdaytheStudents'Unionorganizedanactivitycalled“GettingtoKnowthePlantsAroundUs”.→(高级表达)Tosparktheinterestintheplantsaroundus,lastSaturdaytheStudents'Unionorganizedanactivitycalled“GettingtoKnowthePlantsAroundUs”．(动词不定式作目的状语)(2023·浙江卷1月)(普通表达)Iwasinspiredbythefantasticsceneryanddecidedtocreateawatercolorpaintingofthesmallbridgeoverthepark'spondwhichwassurroundedbybloomingflowers.→(高级表达)Inspiredbythefantasticscenery,Idecidedtocreateawatercolorpaintingofthesmallbridgeoverthepark'spond,surroundedbybloomingflowers.(过去分词短语作状语、定语)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)(普通表达)Besides,China'shigh-speedrailwaynetworkhasconnectedvariouscitieseffectivelyandhasgreatlysavedtraveltimeandpromotedeconomicdevelopment.→(高级表达)Besides,China'shigh-speedrailwaynetworkhasconnectedvariouscitieseffectively,greatlysavingtraveltimeandpromotingeconomicdevelopment.(现在分词短语作状语)(2024·全国甲卷)2．三大从句，绽放精彩(普通表达)Ipaintedthesceneryoftheparkandintheparkthewillowbranchesweredancinginthebreezeandseveralduckswereswimmingintheriverpeacefullyandhappily.→(高级表达)Ipaintedthesceneryofthepark,wherethewillowbranchesweredancinginthebreezeandseveralduckswereswimmingintheriverpeacefullyandhappily.(定语从句)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)(普通表达)Weallknowthatchangesintransportationwillbringgreatchangestopeople'slives.→(高级表达)Asweallknow,changesintransportationwillbringgreatchangestopeople'slives.(定语从句)(2024·全国甲卷)(普通表达)WhenIputthedishesonthetable,myparentsgavemeathumbs-up.→(高级表达)ThemomentIputthedishesonthetable,myparentsgavemeathumbs-up.(时间状语从句)(2023·全国乙卷)(普通表达)We'reoverwhelmedwithexcitementtoknowthatanoralEnglishclasswillbearrangedforus.→(高级表达)We'reoverwhelmedwithexcitementattheknowledgethatanoralEnglishclasswillbearrangedforus.(同位语从句)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)(普通表达)Itwasverymeaningfulandinterestingandyoucannotimagineit.→(高级表达)Youcannotimaginehowmeaningfulandinterestingitwas！(宾语从句)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)(普通表达)It'sasimpleandinexpensiveactivityandyoucandoitanywhere,eveninasmallspace.→(高级表达)It'ssuchasimpleandinexpensiveactivitythatyoucandoitanywhere,eveninasmallspace.(结果状语从句)(2024·浙江卷1月)3．妙用it，巧做点睛(普通表达)Oceansplayakeyroleinourworld,soIconsideritisimportanttoprotectthem.→(高级表达)Oceansplayakeyroleinourworld,soIconsideritsignificanttoprotectthem.(it作形式宾语)(2022·全国甲卷)(普通表达)Toimproveyourcoordination,flexibility,andbalanceisalsohelpful.→(高级表达)Itisalsohelpfultoimproveyourcoordination,flexibility,andbalance.(it作形式主语)(2024·浙江卷1月)4．倒装句式，更胜一筹(普通表达)Itnotonlyprovidedmewithanopportunitytoconnectmyartisticcreationwithnature,butalsoenhancedmywillingnesstotakeinspirationfromnatureinthefuture.→(高级表达)Notonlydiditprovidemewithanopportunitytoconnectmyartisticcreationwithnature,butitalsoenhancedmywillingnesstotakeinspirationfromnatureinthefuture.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)(普通表达)FanZhongyanissucharolemodelthathealwaysencouragesmetobeamanofnoblecharacter.→(高级表达)SucharolemodelisFanZhongyanthathealwaysencouragesmetobeamanofnoblecharacter.(2023·全国甲卷)5．强调句型，词若千钧(普通表达)However,Ihavesomesuggestionsforthepresentgroupingscheme.→(高级表达)However,Idohavesomerecommendationsforthepresentcategorizationscheme.(强调谓语)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)(普通表达)ThroughthisexperienceIhavegainedadeeperappreciationforChinesecuisine.→(高级表达)ItisthroughthisexperiencethatIhavegainedadeeperappreciationforChinesecuisine.(强调句型)(2023·全国乙卷)技法2衔接过渡——构建逻辑，完美行文满分作文的最大特点就是清晰流畅，一气呵成。巧妙的衔接与过渡就是其中的关键。用过渡衔接词把句与句、段与段巧妙地连接在一起，文章才会更加连贯、自然和紧凑，段落或文章的发展脉络也会更清晰，中心思想也会更明确。用法过渡词典例用在段落起始的过渡词generallyspeaking、tobegin/startwith、firstofall、inthefirstplace、asweknow、asisknowntoall、asisshownin...等Generallyspeaking,onlinelearninghasincreasinglybecomeanimportantmeansforpeopletoacquireknowledgeandsolveproblems.一般来说，在线学习已经日益成为人们获取知识和解决问题的一种重要方式。用在段落结尾进行总结的过渡词tosumup、inconclusion、inaword、inthelongrun、insummary、allinall等Inconclusion,itwasavaluableandenrichingexperience,leavingalastingimpressiononallofus.总之，这是一次宝贵而充实的经历，给我们所有人留下了深刻的印象。用以表达时间顺序的过渡词现在：nowadays、now、atpresent、currently等最近：lately、recently等首先/开始：atfirst、firstofall等后来/不久：after、afterwards、lateron、soonafterwards、afterawhile、beforelong、since、soonerorlater等与此同时：meanwhile、inthemeantime、atthesametime、while等最后/最终：finally、intheend、atlast等Seeingpeopledoingwarm-upexerciseswithgreatenthusiasm,wecouldn'twaittojointhem.Soonafterwards,thesignalfired,webeganourcross-countryrace.看到人们热情地做热身运动，我们迫不及待地加入他们。不久之后，信号响起，我们开始了越野比赛。用以表达空间顺序的过渡词ononeside...ontheotherside...、ontheoppositeside、infrontof、inthecenterof、inthedistance、in/downthemiddleof、atthebackof、on/totheleft/right、closeto、nextto、nearby、beyond、behindthetop(s)of、inthelowlandalong...等Downthemiddleofthevalleyrunsaclear,faststreaminwhichonemayfish.Inthelowlandalongthestreamarethefarmlands;beyondthemisthegrassland.Behindthetopsofthefirsthillsarethebigmountains.一条清澈湍急的溪流沿着山谷的中部流淌着，人们可以在溪中钓鱼。沿溪而下，低地处是农田；越过农田是草原。一群小山的山顶后面是一座座大山。用以表示因果的过渡词because、becauseof、asaresult/consequence(of)、dueto、owingto、thanksto、nowthat、therefore、consequently等Ourprogrammeisdesignedtoenhancestudents'awarenessofenvironmentalprotection.Therefore/Consequently,thetopicofthecomingshowwillbeenvironmentalprotectioninourdailylife.我们的节目旨在增强学生们的环境保护意识。因此，即将到来的演出的主题将是我们日常生活中的环境保护。用以表示强调的过渡词undoubtedly、certainly、indeed、aboveall、definitely、surely、totell(you)thetruth等Undoubtedly,neverhaveIseensuchanexceptionalcitywithsomanyhistoricsites.毫无疑问，我从未见过一个如此独特并拥有如此多的历史遗迹的城市。用以表示递进或补充的过渡词inaddition、additionally、furthermore、also、moreover、what'smore、besides、notonly...butalso...、tomakemattersworse、worsestill、more/mostimportantly、lastbutnotleast等Thisactivityholdsgreatsignificanceasitnotonlyfostersculturalunderstandingbutalsoallowsmetosharemyowncultureandlearnfromothers.这项活动具有重要意义，因为它不仅促进文化理解，而且让我分享自己的文化并了解其他的文化。用以举例的过渡词including、forexample、forinstance、suchas等Therearevariousthemesforustochoosefrom,includingcalligraphy,martialartsandpapercutting.有各种各样的主题供我们选择，包括书法、武术和剪纸。用以表示让步或转折的过渡词but、however、nevertheless、although、though、yet、onthecontrary、otherwise、despite、inspiteof、regardlessof、ratherthan、insteadof、unfortunately、nomatter...、evenif/though等Thoughfrustrated,Ididn'tloseheart.Instead,Isoughtadvicefrommyteacherandpracticedmore.尽管很沮丧，但我没有丧失信心。相反，我向我的老师寻求建议并多加练习。用以表示比较和对比的过渡词like、unlike、inthesameway、similarly、asfor、incontrast、whereas、ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...、while等Tobemoreexact,thosewhomakegooduseofthesmartphonesbenefitgreatlywhilethosewhocannotresistthetemptationgetaddicted.更确切地说，那些恰当地利用智能手机的人受益匪浅，而那些无法抵制智能手机的诱惑的人则会上瘾。用以表示观点的过渡词personally、Ithink、inmyopinion、I'mafraid、asIseeit、asfarasI'mconcerned等Inmyopinion,theabsolutemostimportantthatIlearnwhenIplaysportsishowtostaystrongevenintoughsituations.在我看来，我从体育运动中学到的最重要的东西是如何在困难的情况下保持强壮。[典例](2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：(1)你完成的作品；(2)你的感想。注意：写作词数应为80个左右。DearChris，I'mwritingtosharewithyouanartclassIhadinaparklastFriday.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua►满分作文第一步：“五定”审题，“三段”谋篇定体裁电子邮件定时态陈述过去的经历用一般过去时；表达感受可用一般过去时或一般现在时定人称第☑一□二□三人称为主定要点、定结构三段谋篇第一段开篇点题表明写信的目的：分享在公园上美术课的经历；概括介绍这次经历第二段3个要点缺一不可1.简要介绍背景；2．详细介绍自己完成的作品；3．表达自己的感想第三段巧妙收尾表达希望及期待►满分作文第二步：斟酌词句，话题表达成就亮点1．我们被要求画出给我们留下最深刻印象的东西。(被动语态＋what引导宾语从句)Wewereaskedtopaintwhatimpressedusmost．2．我的绘画主要是关于一个开心的场景，孩子们在绿草地上玩得很开心。(where引导定语从句)Mypicturewasmainlyaboutahappyscenewherechildrenenjoyedthemselvesonthegreengrass.3．孩子们又跑又跳，脸上挂着灿烂的笑容。(with复合结构)Thechildrenwererunningandjumping,withbigsmilesontheirfaces．4．运用所学的各种绘画技能，我不仅展示了生命的活力，还展示了人与自然的和谐关系。(动词-ing形式作状语＋“notonly...butalso...”结构)UsingvariouspaintingskillsIhadlearned,Ishowednotonlythevitalityoflifebutalsotheharmoniousrelationshipbetweenhumansandnature．5．这堂美术课给我留下了深刻的印象，它总是提醒我生活充满了美好。(which引导定语从句)Theartclassleftalastingimpressiononmewhichalwaysremindsmethatlifeisfullofbeauty．►满分作文第三步：巧妙过渡，完美成篇DearChris，I'mwritingtosharewithyouanartclassIhadinaparklastFriday.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHuaOnepossibleversion：DearChris，I'mwritingtosharewithyouanartclassIhadinaparklastFriday.YoucannotimaginehowinterestingitwasandIcouldhardlywaittoshareitwithyou.Afterwearrivedatthepark,theteachergaveabriefintroduction.Then,wewereaskedtopaintwhatimpressedusmost.Mypicturewasmainlyaboutahappyscenewherechildrenenjoyedthemselvesonthegreengrass.Abigtreestoodinthemiddle,castingapleasantshade.Thechildrenwererunningandjumping,withbigsmilesontheirfaces.UsingvariouspaintingskillsIhadlearned,Ishowednotonlythevitalityoflifebutalsotheharmoniousrelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.Theartclassleftalastingimpressiononmewhichalwaysremindsmethatlifeisfullofbeauty.Ihopewecanhavesuchanexperiencetogethersomeday.Lookingforwardtoyourreply!Yours，LiHuaWriting1(建议信)(2024·重庆第一次联合诊断)假定你是李华，美国“汉语桥(ChineseBridge)”网上冬令营组织方正在网上征集活动内容，欢迎网友献计献策。请你给组织方写一封建议信，内容包括：1.你建议的活动(至少两项)；2.你的理由；3.你的希望。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dearcommitteemembers，I'mgladtoknowthat________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHuaOnepossibleversion:Dearcommitteemembers，I'mgladtoknowthatyouaremakingacallforeventsforyourChineseBridgeonlinewintercamp.First,I'dliketorecommendyouashortvideoabouttheoriginationoftheChinesecharacters.Fullofgreatfun,thevideowillarouseforeigners'interestinChinesecharacters.Secondly,youcanholdastorytellingcompetitiontospreadChineseculture.Thiscanfurthercampers'understandingofChina,buildingagoodbridgebetweenChinaandtheoutsideworld.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldtakemysuggestionsintoconsideration.Yours，LiHuaWriting2(投稿)(2024·菏泽二模)你校英语俱乐部正在举办题为“AShinySummerforGraduationSeason”的英语征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：1.毕业季暑期的意义；2.你的打算；3.对同学的建议。注意：写作词数应为80个左右。AShinySummerforGraduationSeason________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion:AShinySummerforGraduationSeasonHello,everyone.Soonwewillgraduatefromhighschool.Nextwewillhaveaverylongsummerholiday.Andwehavenohomeworkandnoexamsthissummerholiday.Thismeansthatwecandothingsthatwecouldn'tdoordidn'thavetimetodobeforebecauseoftheheavypressureofhighschool.Readabookyou'vealwayswantedtoread,learntodriveortakeatrip.Iplantofindapart-timejobinsummervacation,andIwilllearnhowtodrive.Afterthat,Iwillgohikingwithamonth'ssalary.Let'sdoit!Afterhighschoolgraduation,itmeansthatweareadults,andweshouldmakegooduseofthissummervacationtoexplorethenewworld.Writing3(活动报道)(2024·天门5月适应性考试)假定你是李华，上周五你校英语俱乐部举办了“校园好声音”英文歌唱比赛。请你给校英语报写一篇关于该活动的报道，内容包括：1.比赛的时间、地点和目的；2.比赛的过程和结果；3.学生的感受和收获。注意：写作词数应为80个左右。AnEnglishSongSingingCompetitionCalled“TheVoiceofSchool”_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________