2022年内蒙古大学英语考试真题卷六

2022年内蒙古大学英语考试真题卷六

（本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。）

单位:姓名：考号：

题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分

分值

得分

一、单项选择题(共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意)

1.

EachdayofEarthWeek,forexample,hasbeengivenovertoaseparate

environmentalissue.Theyare,{{U}}(31){{/U}},energyefficiency,

re-cycIing,water{{U}}(32){{/U}},alternativetransportation,

poIIutantinformationandoutdoor{{U}}(33){{/U}}・Eachone,asyou

cansee,iswhoIIyconcernedwithhumanproblems,humansystems,human

safetyand{{U}}(34){{/U}}how(American)humanscangoonIiving{{U}}

(35){{/U}}thesamematerialleveloverthelonghaul{{U}}(36)

{{/U}}messingthingsupforthem-seIves.{{U}}(37){{/U}}onthatIist

isthereanyconsiderationofwhatarethoughttobeanimals(ortrees

orrivers)rights;nowhereanyregardfortheongoing{{U}}(38)

{{/U}}ofspeciescausedbyhumans;nowherea{{II}}(39){{/U}}forthe

countIessotherspeciesthatarebeing{{U}}(40){{/U}}daiIybythe

destructionandpoisoningofhabitats;nowhereanythoughtgivento

the{{U}}(41){{/U}}ofthenaturalsystemsoftheIivingearthand

learningtoIiveinthemasthefirstpeopIedid.{{U}}(42){{/U}}aIIr

nowhereontheIististherefoundanyconsiderationofwiIderness,of

theneedforaheaIthyearthtohaveplaceswherehumansdon5t{{U}}(43)

{{/U}},wherethefuIIcomplexityanddiversityofIifeareaIIowedto{{U}}

(44){{/U}}unaffectedIy.AlIthattheEarthDaypeopIecanseeis

somethingcallednjustthinkofthe{{U}}(45)H/U}}"of"outdoors'1,

andalItheycanthinkofdoingthereishuman“recreation".

Thereasonthatisimportantisthat{{U}}(46){{/U}}thehuman

understandsitselfasaspecies"reappliesformembershipinthe

biosphere1',astheeco-historianThomasBerryhas{{U}}(47){{/U}}it,

11itwiIIneverstoptreatingtheearthanditstreasures(resources)as

therightfuIfoodforitsomnivorousmaw(杂食性动物的胃)，wi11never

stopactingasifitownstheearthandhastherightofcontrol{{U}}

(48){{/U}}itsspecies11.Thisisamatterofpassinglawsor

doubIe-panningwindows;thisisadeepreorderingofvalues,anew(and

very'old)wayofunderstandingtheearthanditsspeciesassacred,

anecological{{U}}(49){{/U}}thatgorighttotheheartofourIives.

Withoutitno{{U}}(50){{/U}}changeswiIIcome,orlast.

A.upon

B.over

C.to

D.from

2.

EachdayofEarthWeek,forexample,hasbeengivenovertoaseparate

environmentalissue.Theyare,{{U}}(31){{/U}},energyefficiency,

re-cycIing,water{{Ul}(32){{/U}},alternativetransportation,

poIIutantinformationandoutdoor{{U}}(33){{/U}}.Eachone,asyou

cansee,iswhoIIyconcernedwithhumanproblems,humansystems,human

safetyand{{U}}(34){{/U}}how(American)humanscangoonIiving{{U}}

(35){{/U}]thesamematerialleveloverthelonghaul{{U}}(36)

{{/U}}messingthingsupforthem-seIves.{{U}}(37){{/U}}onthatIist

isthereanyconsiderationofwhatarethoughttobeanimals(ortrees

orrivers)rights;nowhereanyregardfortheongoing1{U}}(38)

{{/U}}ofspeciescausedbyhumans;nowherea{{U}}(39){{/U}}forthe

countlessotherspeciesthatarebeing{{U}}(40){{/U}}daiIybythe

destructionandpoisoningofhabitats;nowhereanythoughtgivento

the{{U}}(41){{/U}}ofthenaturalsystemsoftheIivingearthand

IearningtoIiveinthemasthefirstpeopIedid.{{U}}(42){{/U}}aII,

nowhereontheIististherefoundanyconsiderationofwiIderness,of

theneedforaheaIthyearthtohavepIaceswherehumansdon't{{U}}(43)

{{/U}},wherethefuIIcomplexityanddiversityofIifeareaIIowedto{{U}}

(44){{/U}}unaffectedIy.AlIthattheEarthDaypeopIecanseeis

somethingcalledMjustthinkofthe{{U}}(45){{/U}}"of"outdoors'1,

andalItheycanthinkofdoingthereishuman"recreation”.

Thereasonthatisimportantisthat{{U}}(46){{/U}}thehuman

understandsitselfasaspeciesnreappliesformembershipinthe

biosphere"，astheeco-historianThomasBerryhas{{11}}(47){{/U}}it,

11itwiIIneverstoptreatingtheearthanditstreasures(resources)as

therightfuIfoodforitsomnivorousmaw(杂食性动物的胃)，wiIInever

stopactingasifitownstheearthandhastherightofcontrol{{U}}

(48){{/U}}itsspecies11.Thisisamatterofpassinglawsor

doubIe-panningwindows;thisisadeepreorderingofvalues,anew(and

very'old)wayofunderstandingtheearthanditsspeciesassacred,

anecological{{U}}(49){{/U}}thatgorighttotheheartofourIives.

Withoutitno{{U}}(50){{/U}}changeswiIIcome,orlast.

A.consciousness

B.conscience

C.caution

D.response

3.

EachdayofEarthWeek,forexample,hasbeengivenovertoaseparate

environmentalissue.Theyare,{{U}}(31){{/U}},energyefficiency,

re-cycIing,water{{U}}(32){{/U}},alternativetransportation,

poIIutantinformationandoutdoor{{U}}(33){{/U}}.Eachone,asyou

cansee,iswhoIlyconcernedwithhumanproblems,humansystems,human

safetyand{{U}}(34){{/U}}how(American)humanscangoonIiving{{U}}

(35){{/U}}thesamematerialleveloverthelonghaul{{U}}(36)

{{/U}}messingthingsupforthem-seIves.{{U}}(37){{/U}}onthatIist

isthereanyconsiderationofwhatarethoughttobeanimals(ortrees

orrivers)rights;nowhereanyregardfortheongoing{{U}}(38)

{l/U}}ofspeciescausedbyhumans;nowherea{{U}}(39){{/U}}forthe

countIessotherspeciesthatarebeing{{U}}(40){{/U}}daiIybythe

destructionandpoisoningofhabitats;nowhereanythoughtgivento

the{{U}}(41){{/U}}ofthenaturalsystemsoftheIivingearthand

IearningtoIiveinthemasthefirstpeopIedid.{{U}}(42){{/U}}aII,

nowhereontheIististherefoundanyconsiderationofwiIderness,of

theneedforaheaIthyearthtohavepIaceswherehumansdon't{{U}}(43)

{{/U}},wherethefuIIcomplexityanddiversityofIifearea11owedto{{U}}

(44){{/U}}unaffectedIy.AlIthattheEarthDaypeopIecanseeis

somethingcallednjustthinkofthe{{U}}(45){{/U}}"of"outdoors'1,

andalItheycanthinkofdoingthereishuman"recreation".

Thereasonthatisimportantisthat{{U}}(46){{/U}}thehuman

understandsitselfasaspecies"reappliesformembershipinthe

biosphere11,astheeco-historianThomasBerryhas{{U}}(47){{/U}}it,

MitwiIIneverstoptreatingtheearthanditstreasures(resources)as

therightfuIfoodforitsomnivorousmaw(杂食性动物的胃)，wiIInever

stopactingasifitownstheearthandhastherightofcontrol{{U}}

(48){{/U}}itsspecies11.Thisisamatterofpassinglawsor

doubIe-panningwindows;thisisadeepreorderingofvalues,anew(and

very'old)wayofunderstandingtheearthanditsspeciesassacred,

anecological{{U}}(49){{/U}}thatgorighttotheheartofourIives.

Withoutitno{{U}}(50){{/U}}changeswiIIcome,orlast.

A.intense

B.passionate

C.profound

D.turbulent

4.InthecasethatoccurredinFrancein1981,howmanypeopIewitnessed

it

A.One.

B.Two.

C.Three.

D.Five.

5.IfQuebecwasseparatedfromCanada,thetwopactswithUS.

A.shouldremaineffective

B.shouldbeabolished

C.shouldbediscussedagain

D.shouldbesupplemented

6.ThescientistfromtheFrenchspaceagencydidalIthefolIowingthings

except.

A.takingfurtherphotos

B.takingsoilsamples

C.plantingvegetationinthesoil

D.takingsamplesofvegetation

7.TheUSborderwithCanadaistheintileworId.

A.longestdefendedborder

B.longestundefendedborder

C.longestundefinedborder

D.longestcoastalborder

8.PeterSturrockthinksthatthefieIdofUFOstudyisinastateof.

A.popularization

B.pause

C.development

D.ignoranceandconfusion

9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue

A.Inthedaysbeforethevote,theClintonAdministrationhadbeencareful

todescribethereferendumasaninternalmatter.

B.ItiscriticalfortheUnitedStatestohaveastablenorthernneighbor.

C.Mr.ClintondiscussedtheoutcomeofthereferendumTuesdaywith

CanadianPrimeMinister.

D.BothpactswillbediscussedfurtherwithunitedCanada.

10.InwhichcountriesarethereprogramsofpursuingUFOA.China

andUS

A.

B.ChileandFrance.

C.FranceandCanada.

D.EgyptandGreece.

11.{{B}}TEXTC{{/B}}

Incontrasttotraditionalanalysesofminoritybusiness,the

socioIogicaIanalysiscontendsthatminoritybusinessownershipisa

group-1eveIphenomenon,inthatitislargelydependentuponsocialgroup

resourcesforitsdevelopment.Specifica11y,thisanalysisindicates

thatsupportnetworksplayacriticalroleinstartingandmaintaining

minoritybusinessenterprisesbyprovidingownerswitharangeof

assistance,fromtheinformaIencouragementoffamiIymembersandfriends

todependablesourcesoflaborandcIienteIefromtheowner1sethnic

group.SuchseIf-heIpnetworks,whichencourageandsupportethnic

minorityentrepreneurs,consistof"primary"institutions,thoseclosest

totheindividualinshapinghisbehaviorandbeIiefs.Theyare

characterizedbytheface-to-faceassociationandcooperationofpersons

unitedbytiesofmutuaIconcern.TheyformanintermediatesociaIlevel

betweentheindividualandlarger"secondary"institutionsbasedon

impersonalrelationships.Primaryinstitutionscomprisingthesupport

networkincIudekinship,peer,andneighborhoodorcommunitysubgroups.

Amajorfunctionofself-heIpnetworksisfinancialsupport.Most

scholarsagreethatminoritybusinessownershavedependedprimarilyon

famiIyfundsandethniccommunityresourcesforinvestmentcapital.

PersonaIsavingshavebeenaccumulatedoftenthroughfrugaIlivinghabits

thatrequiresacrificesbytheentirefamiIyandarethusaproductof

long-termfamilyfinancialbehavior.AdditionaIloansandgiftsfrom

relativesforthcomingbecauseofgroupobIigationratherthannarrow

investmentcalculation,havesuppIementedpersonalsavings.Individual

entrepreneursdonotnecessarilyrelyontheirkinbecausetheycannot

obtainfinancialbackingfromcommercialresources.Theymayactually

avoidbanksbecausetheyassumethatcommercialinstitutionseither

cannotcomprehendthespeciaIneedsofminorityenterpriseorcharge

unreasonablyhighinterestrates.

WithintheIargerethniccommunity,rotatingcreditassociationshave

beenusedtoraisecapital.TheseassociationsarcinformaIclubsof

friendsandothertrustedmembersoftheethnicgroupwhomakeregular

contributionstoafundthatisgiventoeachcontributorinrotation.

Oneauthorestimatesthat40percentofNewYorkChinatownfirms

estabIishedduring1900-1950utiIizedsuchassociationsastheirinitial

sourceofcapital.However,recentimmigrantsandthirdorfourth

generationsofoIdergroupsnowempIoyrotatingcreditassociationsonIy

occasionaIlytoraiseinvestmentfunds.SomegroupsIikeBlackAmericans,

foundothermeansoffinanciaIsupportfortheirentrepreneuriaIefforts.

ThefirstBlack-operatedbankswerecreatedinthelatenineteenth

centuryasdepositoriesforduescoIIectedfromfraternalorlodgegroups,

whichthemseIveshadsprungfromBlackchurches.BlackbanksmadeIimited

investmentsinotherBlackenterprises.IrishimmigrantsinAmerican

citiesorganizedmanybuiIdingandloanassociationstoprovidecapital

forhomeconstructionandpurchase.Theyinturn,providedworkformany

Irishhome-buiIdingcontractorfirms.Otherethnicandminoritygroups

followedsimilarpracticesinfoundingethnic-directedfinancial

institutions.

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutrotating

creditassociations

A.TheyweredevelopedexclusivelybyChineseimmigrants.

B.Theyaccountedforasignificantportionoftheinvestmentcapitalused

byChineseimmigrantsinblewYorkintheearlytwentiethcentury.

C.Third-generationmembersofanimmigrantgroupwhostartedbusinesses

inthe1920'swouldhavebeenunlikelytorelyonthem.

D.Recentimmigrantsstillfrequentlyturntorotatingcreditassociations

insteadofbanksforinvestmentcapital.

12.

{(Bl}TEXTA{{/B}}

ItlooksasifitcamestraightfromthesetofStarWars.Ithas

four-wheeldriveandrisesaboverockysurfaces.Itlowersandraises

itsnosewhengoingupanddownhills.Andwhenitcomestoariver,it

turnsamphibious;twohydrojetspoweritalongbybIastingwaterunder

itsbody.Thereisroomfortwopassengersandadriver,whositinside

aglassbubbleoperatingelectronic,aircraft-typecontrols.AvehicIe

sodaringonlandandwaterneedswindscreenwipers-butitdoesn'

thaveany.Watermoleculesaredisintegratedonthescreen1ssurface

byultrasonicsensors.

ThisunusuaIvehicleistheRacoon.ItisaninventionnotofHoIIywood

butofRenault,aratherconservativeFrenchstate-ownedCarmaker,better

knownforitsfamiIyhatchbacks.RenaultbuilttheRacoontoexplorenew

freedomsfordesignersandengineerscreatedbyadvancesinmaterials

andmanufacturingprocesses.RenaultisthinkingaboutstartIingly

differentcars;otherproducershaveradicalnewideasfortrains,boats

andaeroplanes.

Thefirstofthenewfreedomsisindesign.Powerfulcomputer-aided

design(CAD)systemscanreplacewithaclickofacomputermousehours

oflaboriousworkdoneonthousandsofdrawingboards.Sonewproducts,

nomatterhowcompIicated,canbedeveIopedmuchfaster.Forthefirst

time,BoeingwiIInothavetobuiIdagiantreplicaofitsnewairIiner,

the777,tomakesurealIthebitsfittogether.ItsCADsystemwiIItake

careofthat.

ButRenau11istakingCADfurther.ItclaimstheRacoonistheworld1

sfirstvehicletobedesignedwithinthedigitisedworIdofvirtual

reality.CompIexprogramswereusedtosimuIatethevehicleandthe

terrainthatitwasexpectedtocross.ThisaIIowedateamledbyPatrick

LeQuement,Renault5sindustrial-designdirector,to"drive“itlong

beforeaprototypeexisted.

Renau11isnotaloneinthinkingthatvirtualrealitywiIItransform

automotivedesign.InDetroit,Fordisalsoinvestigatingitspotential.

JackTelnac,thefirm5sheadofdesign,wouldIikedesignersindifferent

partsoftheworldtoworkmorecloselytogether,Iinkedbycomputers.

Theywoulddomorethanstylecars.VirtualrealitywiIIallowengineers

topeerinsidetheworkingpartsofavehicle.DesignerswiIIwatch

bearingsmove,oiIflow,gearsmeshandhydraulicspump.Asthese

techniquescatchon,evenstrangervehiclesareIikeIytocomealong.

TransformingthesecreationsfromvirtualrealitytoactuaIreality

wiIIalsobecomeeasier,especiallywithadvancesinmaterials.Firms

thatoncebashedeverythingoutofsteelnowfindthatnewaIIoysor

compositematerials(whichcanbemadefrommixturesofplastic,resin,

ceramicsandmetals,reinforcedwithfiberssuchasglassorcarbon)are

changingtherulesofmanufacturing.Atthesametime,oldmaterialskeep

gettingbetter,astheirproducerstrytosecuretheirplaceinthe

factoryofthefuture.Thiscompetitionisincreasingthepaceof

deveIopmentofalImaterials.

OnecompanyinthisfieldseaIedcomposites.Itwasstartedin1982

byBurtRutan,anaviatorwhohasdevisedmanyunusualaircraft.His

companydeveIopsandtestsprototypesthathaverangedfrombusiness

aircrafttoairracers.Ithasalsoworkedoncompositesailsforthe

America9sCupyachtraceandonGeneraIMotors5Ultralite,a

100-miles-per-galIonexperimentalfamilycarbuiltfromcarbonfiber.

Again,theRacoonreflectsthisracebetweentheoldandthenew.It

usesconventionaIsteelandwhatRenaultdescribesasanew"high-1imit

elasticsteeIninitschassis.Thissteelis30%Iighterthantheusual

kind.TheRacoonalsohaspartsmadefromcomposites.Renaultplansto

replacethepetrolenginewithasmalIgasturbine,whichcouldbemade

fromheat-resistingceramics,anduseittorunageneratorthatwould

providepowerforelectricmotorsateachwheeI.

Withcompositesitispossibletobuildmanydifferentpartsintoa

singlecomponent.Fiat,Italy*sbiggestcarmakerhasworkedoutthat

itcouldreducethenumberofcomponentsneededinoneofitscarbodies

from150to16byusingacompositesheIIratherthanonemadeofsteeI.

Aircraftandcarsmayincreasinglybeassembledasiftheywereplastic

kits.

AdvancesinenginetechnoIogyalsomakecarsIighter.TheUltralite,

whichSeaIedcompositesheIpedtodesignforGeneralMotors,usesatwo-

strokeengineina"powerpodnattherearofthevehicle.Theengine

hasbeendeveIopedfromanEastGermandesignandweighs40%lessthan

aconventionaIenginebutproducesasmuchpower.ITisexpectedtorun

cleanlyenoughtoquaIifyasanultra-lowemissionsvehicleunder

California1stoughnewrules.

HowdoesthatRacooncrosswater

A.Itswims.

B.Itraisesitsnose.

C.Ituseshydrojets.

D.Itusesitsfour-wheeldrived.

13.{{B}}TEXTE{{/B}}

Scholarandstudentshavealwaysbeengreattravelers.TheofficiaI

casefor"academicmobiIity"isnowoftenstatedinimpressivetermsas

afundamentaInecessityforeconomicandsociaIprogressintheworldr

anddebatedincorridorsofEurope,butitiscertainlynothingnew.

Seriousstudentswerealwaysreadytogoaboardinsearchofthemost

stimuIatingteachersandthemostfamousacademies;insearchofthe

purestphilosophy,themosteffectivemedicine,theIikeIiestroadto

gold.

MobiIityofthiskindmeantaIsomobiIityofideasrtheirtransference

acrossfrontier,theirsimultaneousimpactuponmanygroupsofpeopIe.

Thepointoflearningistoshareit,whetherwithastartIingdiscovery,

oranewtechnique.Itmustalsohavebeenreassuringtoknowthatother

peopIeinotherpartsoftheworIdwereabouttomakethesamediscovery

orwerethinkingalongthesameIines,andthatonewasnotquitealone,

confrontedbyinquisition,ridiculeorneglect.

Inthetwentiethcentury,andparticularlyinthelast20years,the

oldfootpathsofthewanderingscholarshavebecomevasthighways.The

vehiclewhichhasmadethispossiblehasofcoursebeentheaeroplane,

makingcontactbetweenscholarseveninthemostdistantplaces

immediateIyfeasible,andprovidingfortheveryrapidtransmissionof

knowledge.

ApartfromthevehicIeitself,itisfairlyeasytoidentifythemain

factorswhichhavebroughtabouttherecentexpIosioninacademic

movement.Someofthesearepurelyquantitativeandrequirenofurther

mention;therearefarmorecentresoflearning,afargreaternumber

ofscholarsandstudents.

Inadditiononemustrecognizetheveryconsiderablemu11ipIication

ofdiscipIines,particularlyinthesciences,whichbywideningthetotaI

areaofadvancedstudyhasproducedanenormousnumberofspeciaIists

whoseparticulariinterestsarepreciselydefined.ThesepeopIewouIdwork

insomeisolationiftheywerenotabletokeepintouchwithsimilar

isolatedgroupsinothercountries.

FrequentlythesespeciaIisationsIieinareaswhereveryrapid

deveIopmentsaretakingplace,andalsowheretheresearchneededfor

deveIopmentsisextremelycostIyandtakesalongtime.Itisprecisely

intheseareasthattheadvantagesofcollaborationandsharingof

expertiseappearmostevident.Associatedwiththisisthegrowthof

speciaIistperiodicals,whichenablescholarstobecomeawareofwhat

ishappeningindifferentcentresofresearchandtomeeteachotherin

conferencesandsymposia.Formthesemeetingscomethepersonal

relationshipswhichareatthebottomofaImostalIformalisedschemes

ofcooperation,andprovidethemwiththeirmostsatisfactorystimulus.

Butasthespecialisationshaveincreasedinnumberandnarrowedin

range,therehasbeenanoppositemovementtowardsinterdisciplinary

studies.TheseowemuchtothebeliefthatonecannotproperIyinvestigate

theincrediblycompIexproblemsthrownupbythemodernworld,andby

recentadvancesinourknowIedgealongthenarrowfrontofasingle

discipline.Thistrendhasledtoagreatdealofacademiccontact

betweendiscipIinesvandafargreateremphasisonthepoolingof

speciaIistknowIedge,reflectedinthebroadsubjectschoseninmany

internationaIconferences.

What,inthewriter,sopinion,happenstoascholarwhoshareshisideas

withhiscolleagues

A.Hegainsrecognitionforhisachievements.

B.Heattractslargenumbersofstudents.

C.Heriskshisideasbeingstudent.

D.Heisconsideredslightlymad.

14.{{B}}TEXTD{{/B}}

WithinAustraliafAustralianHoteIsInc.(AHI)operatesninehoteIs

andempIoysover2,000permanentfuII-timestaff,300permanentpart-time

empIoyeesand100casualstaff.OneofitsIatestventures,theSydney

AirportHotel(SAH),openedinMarch1995.Thehotelistheclosestto

SydneyAirportandisdesignedtoprovidethebestavaiIable

accommodation,foodandbeverageandmeetingfaciIitiesinSydney5s

southernsuburbs.Similartomanyinternationalhotelchains,however,

AHIhasexperienceddifficultiesinAustraliainprovidinglong-term

profitsforhotelowners,asaresultofthecountry1shighlabour-coat

structure.InordertodeveIopaneconomicallyviablehotelorganisation

modeIyAHIdecidedtoimpIementsomenewpoliciesandpracticesatSAH.

ThefirstoftheinitiativeswasanorganisationaIstructurewithonly

threeIeveIsofmanagement-comparedtothetraditionalseven.Partly

asaresultofthischange,thereare25percentfewermanagement

positions,enabIingasignificantsaving.Thischangealsohasother

impIications.Communication,bothupanddowntheorganisation,has

greatlyimproved.Decision-makinghasbeenforceddowninmanyeasesto

front-1ineemployees.Asaresult,guestrequestsareusuallymewithout

referencetoasupervisor,improvingbothcustomerandempIoyee

satisfaction.

Thehotelrecognisedthatitwouldneedadifferentapproachto

seIectingempIoyeeswhowouldfitinwithitsnewpolicies.Inits

advertisements,thehotelstatedapreferenceforpeopIewithsome

"service"experienceinordertominimizetraditionalworkpractices

beingintroducedintothehoteI.Over7r000applicantsfilledin

applicationformsforthe120jobsinitiallyofferedatSAH.ThebaIance

ofthepositionsatthehoteI(30managementand40shiftIeaderpositions)

werepredominantlyfilledbytransfersfromotherAHIproperties.

AseriesoftestsandinterviewswereconductedwithpotentiaI

employees,whicheventuallyleft280applicantscompetingthe120

advertisedpositions.Afterthefinalinterview,pot