【创新设计】2021高考英语(四川专用)二轮复习-第4部分-阅读理解解答技巧-专题1-

Ⅰ.体验高考(2022·安徽)Recordingsofangrybeesareenoughtosendbig，toughAfricanelephantsrunningaway，anewstudysays.Beehives(蜂窝)—eitherrecordedorreal—mayevenpreventelephantsfromdamagingfarmers'crops.In2002，scientistLucyKingandherteamfoundthatelephantsavoidcertaintreeswithbeeslivinginthem.Today，LucywantstoseeifAfricanhoneybeesmightdiscourageelephantsfromeatingcrops.Butbeforesheaskedfarmerstogotothetroubleofsettingupbeehivesontheirfarms，sheneededtofindoutifthebeeswouldscareelephantsaway.LucyfoundawildbeehiveinsideatreeinnorthernKenyaandsetuparecorder.Thenshethrewastoneintothebeehive，whichburstintolife.Lucyandherassistanthidintheircaruntiltheangrybeeshadcalmeddown.Next，LucysearchedoutelephantfamiliesinSamburuNationalReserveinnorthernKenyaandputaspeakerinatreeclosetoeachfamily.Fromadistance，Lucyswitchedonthepre­recordedsoundofangrybeeswhileatthesametimerecordingtheelephantswithavideocamera.Halftheelephantgroupslefttheareawithintenseconds.Outofatotalof17groups，onlyonegroupignoredthesoundoftheangrybees.Lucyreportedthatalltheyoungelephantsimmediatelyrantotheirmotherstohideunderthem.WhenLucyplayedthesoundofawaterfall(瀑布)insteadoftheangrybeestomanyofthesameelephantfamilies，theanimalswereundisturbed.Evenafterfourminutes，mostofthegroupsstayedinoneplace.Lucyisnowstudyingwhethertheelephantswillcontinuetoavoidthesoundofangrybeesafterhearingitseveraltimes.Shehasn'ttestedenoughgroupsyettoknow，butherinitial(最初的)resultswerepromisingenoughtobegintrialswithfarmers.Shehasnowbegunplacingspeakersinthefieldstoseeifelephantsarefrightenedaway.【语篇导读】本文叙述了科学家LucyKing和她的团队发觉大象可怕发怒的蜜蜂，并且做试验来证明这个事情的故事。1．Weknowfromthepassagethatelephantsmaybefrightenedof________.A．loudnoises B．somecropsC．videocameras D．angrybees解析事实细节题。依据文章第一段“Recordingsofangrybeesare...farmers'crops”可知生气的蜜蜂是大象所可怕的。故选D。答案D2.Asmentionedinthepassage，Lucy________.A．worksbyherselfinAfricaB．needstotestmoreelephantgroupsC．hasstoppedelephantseatingcropsD．hasgotfarmerstosetupbeehivesontheirfarms解析事实细节题。依据文章最终一段中“Lucyisnowstudying...shehasn'ttestedenoughgroupsyettoknow”可知Lucy需要对更多的象群进行试验，故选B。答案B3．WhydidLucythrowastoneintoawildbeehive?A．Torecordthesoundofbees.B．Tomakeavideoofelephants.C．Toseeifelephantswouldrunaway.D．Tofindoutmoreaboutthebehaviorofbees.解析事实细节题。依据文章第三段中“Lucyfoundawildbeehive...andsetuparecorder”和第四段中“Lucyswitchedonthepre­recordedsound...avideocamera.”可知Lucy向野蜂窝扔石头是为了激怒蜜蜂以便录下它们的声音。故选A。答案A4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．YoungelephantsignoreAfricanhoneybees.B．Waterfallscanmakeelephantsstayinoneplace.C．Elephantsdonotgoneartreeswithbeeslivinginthem.D．FarmersdonotallowLucytoconducttestsintheirfields.解析事实细节题。依据文章其次段“In2002，scientistLucyKingandherteam...livinginthem”一句，可知大象不敢靠近住有蜜蜂的树。故选C。答案CⅡ.仿真、模拟Passage1体裁：说明文话题：广告信息时间：6分钟(2022·四川成都检测)Ourtravelexpertsareeagertoassistyouwithyourcheapflightticketsandpackagedealbookings.CallusforcheapairticketdealsonflightsfromallUKairports.CheapFlightstoNewYorkTheskylineofManhattanisanunforgettablesightwhenfirstglimpsed，andNewYorkisacitythatknowshowtoattractthevisitors.VisittheStatueofLiberty，takeahorse­drawncarriageroundCentralPark，takeaphotoatTimesSquare，seeashowonBroadway，orexploreChinatown.BookyourcheapflighttoNewYorkfrom￡459only.CheapFlightstoSanFranciscoSanFranciscoisabigcitywithasmall­towncharmdelightingitsvisitors.This“CitybytheBay”hasagorgeousoceansetting，wonderfularchitecture，andtheGoldenGateBridgethatdominatesthelandscape.There'ssomuchtoseeanddo.Youcanenjoyarideinacablecar，visitfashionableNobHillandUnionSquare.Andthecity'slong­establishedChinatownisessential.There'snoshortageofamazingnightlifewithrestaurants，nightclubs，andbarsofeverydescription.BookyourcheapflighttoSanFranciscofrom￡564only.CheapFlightstoSydneySurf，sandandsunsumupthisvibrantcitylikenoother.Famousforitsgoldenbeachesandtrulyworld­classsurf，Sydneyoffersthebestoutdooractivities.Alivelycentreforbusinessaswellasarts，thecityisawonderwithcafeculture，charmingnightlife，andanexcitingrestaurantscene.YoucanlearntosurfatManly，swimatIcebergPool，andtakeadipintheoceanatBondiBeach.YoucanalsodipintotheOperaHouseforaconcert，exploretheBotanicGardens，andtakeanearly­dinnersunsetcruiseonthelovelySydneyHarbortowatchthecitylightup.BookyourcheapflighttoSydneyfrom￡796only.Didyouknowthatbookingflightticketsandhotelstogethercouldsaveyouupto40%onyourtotaltravelcost?AskourexperttravelagenttoquoteyouonapackagedealtoNewYork，SanFrancisco，Sydneyandsavebig.Hurry!Callusnowtogetthischeapflightdeal.CallSouthallTravel24/7tobookcheapflights.【语篇导读】这是一则有关订购廉价机票的广告。1．Ifyouliketoenjoywonderfulnightswithfriends，you'llprobablybooktheticketto______.A．NewYorkorSanFranciscoB．NewYorkorSydneyC．ChinatownorBondiBeachD．SydneyorSanFrancisco解析细节理解题。依据CheapFlightstoSanFrancisco下面的“There'snoshortageofamazingnightlifewithrestaurants，nightclubs，andbarsofeverydescription.”以及CheapFlightstoSydney下面的“charmingnightlife”可知，在这两个地方可以享受秀丽的夜晚。故答案为D。答案D2．Accordingtothepassage，Sydneyisbestknownfor______.A．itsbeachesandsurfingB．itsbusinessaswellasartsC．theOperaHouseD．theBotanicGardens解析细节理解题。依据CheapFlightstoSydney下面的“Famousforitsgoldenbeachesandtrulyworld­classsurf，Sydneyoffersthebestoutdooractivities.”可知A项正确。答案A3．Howcanyoubooktheflighttickets?A．Byphone.B．OntheInternet.C．Withapersonalvisit.D．Throughahotel.解析细节理解题。依据其次段“CallusforcheapairticketdealsonflightsfromallUKairports.”以及最终一段中的“Callusnowtogetthischeapflightdeal.”可知，可以通过打电话订到廉价的机票。答案A4．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroducethreefamouscities.B．Toattracttouriststobookflights.C．Tointroducesometravelexperts.D．Torecommendtouristactivities.解析写作意图推断题。通读全文可知，本文主要通过介绍几个不同地方的旅游特色来吸引更多的人订购廉价的机票。故答案为B。答案BPassage2体裁：说明文话题：旅游世界时间：7分钟(2022·吉林长春调研)Europeishometoavarietyofculturaltreasures.LonelyPlanet，theworld'slargesttravelguidepublisher，hasofferedpairsofcitiesforculture­hungrybuttime­poortravelers.LondonandParisIttakesyouabouttwohourstotravelfromLondontoParisbyEurostar，ahigh­speedrailwayservice.Thetwocapitalcitieshavebeencompetinginfashion，artandnightlifefordecades—buteachsecretlylooksuptotheother.NoonecandoubtthegrandandimpressivebeautyofParis'LouvreMuseum，butifyouwanttosavemoney，youcannotskiptheBritishMuseumfreetovisit.ComparedwithLondon，ParishasmoreoutdoorattractionssuchasthebeautifulgreenwalkwayLaPromenadePlantée.InParis，you'llseedinerslingeroverredwine.WhileinLondon，youcantrysomeafternoontea，eatfishandchipsorsaltedcake.ViennaandBratislavaAustriancapitalViennaandSlovakiancityBratislavaareanhourapartbytrain.ButsincetheyarelinkedbytheDanubeRiver，thebestwaytotravelisbyship.Atourofthetwocitiesistheperfectwaytoexperienceeverythingfrom17thcentury'sHabsburgDynastysplendortosci­firestaurants.ViennaisfamousforMozartandimperialpalaces.YoucanappreciatetheperfectblendingofarchitectureandnatureinthegrandSchonbrunnPalace，andrewardyourselfwithacupofViennacoffee，whichhasmadeitswaytotheworld'sculturalheritagelist.Bratislavaisbestknownforitsfinedining—theremarkableUFOrestaurant.Youcanenjoyameat­ladendinnerhereinanamazingsetting.【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了两组对于旅游者来说不容错过的欧洲城市——伦敦和巴黎，维也纳和布拉迪斯拉发。1．What'stherelationshipbetweenLondonandParisaccordingtothetext?A．Theyhelpeachother.B．Theyattackeachother.C．Theyadmireeachother.D．Theydon'tlikeeachother.解析细节理解题。依据LondonandParis下面的“buteachsecretlylooksuptotheother”可知，这两座城市相互鄙视，因此选C。答案C2．WhataretheadvantagesofParismentionedinthearticle?a．TheLouvreMuseum.b．Freeaccesstomuseums.c．Moreoutdoorattractions.d．Betterwinesandperfumes.A．ac B．cdC．acd D．bcd解析细节理解题。依据LondonandParis下面的“NoonecandoubtthegrandandimpressivebeautyofParis'LouvreMuseum”可知a被提及了；依据本段中的“Parishasmoreoutdoorattractions”可知c被提及了。而文中关于巴黎的优点并没有提到b和d，因此选A。答案A3．Whichofthecitiesshouldyouchooseifyouareinterestedinsci­firestaurants?A．London. B．Paris.C．Glasgow. D．Bratislava.解析细节理解题。依据ViennaandBratislava下面的“Atourofthetwocitiesistheperfectwaytoexperienceeverythingfrom...tosci­firestaurants.”和“Bratislavaisbestknownforitsfinedining—theremarkableUFOrestaurant.”可推知，D项正确。答案D4．LonelyPlanetrecommendsthesetwopairsofcitiesbecause______.A．theyarenotexpensivetovisitB．theyarebestknowntotheworldC．theyarealwaysenemiesbetweeneachotherD．theyareclosebutdifferentinmanyaspects解析推理推断题。依据第一段中的“LonelyPlanet，theworld'slargesttravelguidepublisher，hasofferedpairsofcitiesforculture­hungrybuttime­poortravelers.”并结合下文可知，每组中的两个城市相距不远，比较节省时间，而且它们有着不同的文化，因此才推举给旅游者。故选D。答案DPassage3体裁：谈论文话题：社会文化时间：7分钟(2022·山西高三四校联考)Sexprejudicesarebasedonandjustifiedbytheideology(意识形态)thatbiologyisdestiny.Accordingtothisideology，basicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesexistbetweenthesexes.Thesedifferencesrequireeachsextoplayaseparateroleinsociallife.Womenaretheweakersexbothphysicallyandemotionally.Thus，theyarenaturallysuited，muchmoresothanmen，totheperformanceofdomestic(家庭的)duties.Awoman'splace，undernormalcircumstances，iswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehome.Naturehasdeterminedthatwomenplaycaretakerroles，suchaswifeandmotherandhomemaker.Ontheotherhand，menarebestsuitedtogooutintothecompetitiveworldofworkandpolitics，whereseriousresponsibilitiesmustbetakenon.Menaretobetheproviders；womenandchildrenare“dependents”．Theideologyalsoholdsthatwomenwhowishtoworkoutsidethehouseholdshouldnaturallyfillthesejobsthatareinlinewiththespecialcapabilitiesoftheirsex.Itisappropriateforwomen，notmen，tobeemployedasnurses，socialworkers，elementaryschoolteachers，householdhelpers，clerksandsecretaries.Thesepositionsaresimplyanextensionofwomen'sdomesticrole.Informaldistinctionsbetween“women'swork”and“men'swork”inthelaborforce，accordingtotheideology，aresimplyafunctionalreflectionofthebasicdifferencesbetweenthesexes.Finally，theideologysuggeststhatnaturehasworkedherwillinanothersignificantway.Forthehumanspeciestosurviveovertime，itsmembersmustregularlyreproduce.Thus，womenmust，whetherathomeorinthelaborforce，makethemostoftheirphysicalappearances.Sogoestheideology.Itis，ofcourse，nottruethatbasicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexesrequireeachtoplaysex­definedrolesinsociallife.Thereisenoughevidencethatsexrolesvaryfromsocietytosociety，andthose_role_differences_that_do_exist_are_largely_learned.Buttosomedegreepeopleactuallybelievethatbiologyisdestinyandthatnatureintendsmenandwomentomakedifferentcontributionstosociety，sosex­definedroleswillbeseenastotallyacceptable.【语篇导读】本文论述了男女性别差异的根源，认为男女在社会中所扮演的不同的角色是由男女之间生理和心理两方面的差异造成的。1．Accordingtothebiology­is­destinyideology，women______.A．cannotcompetewithmeninanyfieldB．aremoresuitedtodomesticjobsthanmenC．aresensitiveenoughtobeagoodcaretakerD．aretooweaktodoanyagriculturalworkatall解析细节理解题。依据第一段中的“Womenaretheweakersexbothphysicallyandemotionally.Thus，theyarenaturallysuited，muchmoresothanmen，totheperformanceofdomestic(家庭的)duties.”可知，女性比男性更适合做家务，选择B项。答案B2．Thosewhohaveprejudicesagainstwomenthinkthat______.A．womenshouldn'tgooutforworkB．womenshouldearnmoneytoaddthefamilyincomeC．womengoingoutforworkshouldonlydo“women'swork”D．womenshouldtakejobstodrillthespecialcapabilitiesofthesex解析细节理解题。依据其次段的第一句“Theideologyalsoholdsthatwomenwhowishtoworkoutsidethehouseholdshouldnaturallyfillthesejobsthatareinlinewiththespecialcapabilitiesoftheirsex.”可知，对女性有偏见的人认为，那些想走出家门到外面工作的女性自然应当只做适合女性的工作。答案C3．Theauthorthinksthatthepositionswomenholdoutside________.A．aredeterminedbywhattheyarebettersuitedtoB．growoutoftheirhouseholdresponsibilitiesC．representtheirbreakthroughofsexdiscriminationD．arephysicallyandemotionallysuitabletothem解析细节理解题。依据其次段中的“Thesepositionsaresimplyanextensionofwomen'sdomesticrole.”可知，女性在外面所从事的工作仅仅是女性家庭角色的一种延长，因此选择B。答案B4．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceimply?A．Sexrolesaresociallydetermined.B．Sexrolesareemotionallyandphysicallydetermined.C．Sexrolesarebiologicallyandpsychologicallydetermined.D．Sexrolesaredeterminedbyeducationpeopletake.解析句意理解题。依据前文可知，有大量的证据表明在不同的社会中男女所扮演的角色也各不相同。该句示意性别角色也是由社会因素打算的，应选择A。答案APassage4体裁：记叙文话题：人生百态时间：7分钟TheOlympicmedalceremonieshavealreadybegun.Butsomeathleteshardlydisguisetheirdisappointmentwhensilverandnotgoldishungaroundtheirnecks.TheBritishjudosilvermedallistNeilAdamscallshistwofromthe1980s“loser'smedals”．Untilfouryearsago，theywereinaboxatthebackofacupboard.Hiswifethenhadthemframedforhis50thbirthdayandtheyarenowuponthewall.Adamsfeelsproudwhenhelooksatthem，buthisthoughtsquicklyturnto“whatifs”．“Iwouldn'tchangemuch”，headds.Andhewouldn'tneedto.Goldwaswithinhisgrasptwice，butslippedawaybyanarrowmarginonthejudomat.“ThelossesattheOlympicGameswerethemostdifficultthingformetoaccept，”hesaid.“Ididn'twinthesilvermedal.Ilostthegold.Inmymindtheywerelosses.Ithastakenmorethan30yearstogetoverit.”MarkCavendish，JessicaEnnisandMoFarahhaveneverwonOlympicgold，buttheycameintoLondon2022asthreeofTeamGB'sbiggestmedalhopes.Unfortunately，Cavendishhasalreadysuffereddisappointmentinthecyclingroadrace.NeilAdamswasinthatsamepositioninboththe1980and1984games.However，inacareerinwhichhecollectedeveryotherjudoaccolade，thingssimplywentwrongattheOlympics.InMoscow1980，Adamswasjust21yearsoldandfoundthemediafocusandpressureofexpectationtoomuch.Askedaboutbeingafavourite，Adamssaid：“Itishell，andabouthowyoucopewithitinthemind.Itcanmakeyouafraidtowinorloseandthereisadifference.Iwasafraidtolose.Sometimesyoufreeze.Sometimesittakesyouover.”Adamssaysthathewasverycautiousandthatwhensomethingwastacticalandtechnicalheapproachedittootactically.Perhapsit'sbettertogoinwitha‘nothingtolose’attitude.ThatmightbethereasonwhytheOlympicGameshaveoftencreatedsurpriseresults.Sometimesit'stheoneswhokeeptheircoolandworkthehardestwhogettheresults.【语篇导读】参与奥运会的运动员都期望获得金牌，而那些与金牌失之交臂获得银牌的运动员的心里是什么味道儿呢？1．WhereareNeilAdams'silvermedalsnow?A．Aroundhisneck. B．Atthebackofacupboard.C．Inabox. D．Onthewall.解析细节理解题。依据其次段其次句可知，现在这两枚银牌被他的妻子裱框后挂在了墙上。答案D2．HowlongdidAdamskeepthemedalsinthebox?A．Morethan30years. B．Morethan40years.C．Morethan20years. D．Nomorethan20years.解析细节理解题。依据文章内容可知，他分别于1980年和1984年参与奥运会，并分别夺得了一枚银牌，但他的两枚银牌是在四年前才从盒子里拿出来的，也就是2008年，那么第一枚银牌在盒子里放了28年，其次枚银牌放了24年。因此答案应为20多年。答案C3．Adamsalwaysfeltitapitytowinsilvermedalsbecause________.A．hewasnarrowlybeatenbythechampionB．hedidn'ttryhisbestC．helackedtechniquesD．hewastoogreedy解析细节理解题。依据文章第三段最终一句可知，他原来是能够获胜的，但最终都是对手牵强获得冠军，这让他觉得很惋惜。答案A4．Whatadvicedoestheauthorgivetootherathletes?A．Trytobecomethemediafocus.B．Keeptheircoolandworkhard.C．Trytodobetternexttime.D．Useasmanytechniquesaspossible.解析细节理解题。依据文章最终一句可知，作者建议其他运动员要保持冷静并努力熬炼，因此选择B。答案BPassage5体裁：说明文话题：玩耍与学习时间：7分钟Astudysuggestsplayingvideogamesthatmighthelpdyslexic(诵读困难的)peoplelearnmorequickly.VanessaHarrarofBritain'sUniversityofOxfordledthestudy.ShereportedthefindingsinthejournalCurrentBiology.Thestudysuggeststhatdyslexicpeoplemayhavetroublemovingquicklyfromwhattheyreadtowhattheyhear.Inthestudy，DoctorHarrartested17peoplewithdyslexia，and19otherswithoutreadingproblems.Thevolunteerswereaskedtopushabuttonasquicklyaspossiblewhentheyheardasound，sawalightorexperiencedbothtogether.DoctorHarrarcomparedthespeedoftheirreactions.Shefoundthatpeoplewithdyslexiawerejustasfastastheotherswhentheysawonlyapictureorheardonlyasound.ButtheDyslexicshadaslowerreactiontimewhentheyheardasoundandsawapictureatthesametime，thismayhaveaneffectonhowdyslexicchildrenaretaughthowtoread.DoctorHarrarfeelslikeplayingvideogamescouldhelpdyslexicpeopleshiftfromseeingtohearingmorequickly.Sheaddsthatimagesinvideogamesforcetheeyestomoveandfocusquickly.“Videogametypesofthingspopoutofhereandthere，theymoveyoureyesaroundthescreenquitequicklyinresponsetothingsquitequickly，andthemoreyouplayavideogamethefasteryougetthatkindofthing.So，thevideogameisreallytrainingtheattentionsystemtomovequickly，”saidHarrar.Whenchildrenlearnthealphabet，theyusuallyseetheletterfirstandthenhearthesound，ortheyseeandheartheletteratthesametime.ThestudyshowsthatDyslexicsmightlearnmorequicklyiftheyhearthesoundofaletterorwordfirstbeforeseeingit.【语篇导读】争辩表明视频玩耍能挂念阅读障碍者学习。1．What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．HowtoPlayVideoGamesBetterB．VideoGamesMightHelpDyslexicsC．VideoGamesCanCureDyslexicsCompletelyD．What'sDyslexics解析标题概括题。文章主要叙述了争辩表明视频玩耍能挂念有阅读障碍者学习，故用B作为文章的标题最好。答案B2．Accordingtothepassagethedyslexicpeoplehavedifficultyin______.A．changingfromwhattheyseetowhattheyhearquicklyB．movingaroundC．playingvideogamesD．watchingmovies解析细节理解题。依据其次段中的“Thestudysuggeststhatdyslexicpeoplemayhavetroublemovingquicklyfromwhattheyreadtowhattheyhear.”和第四段中的“DoctorHarrarfeelslikeplayingactionvideogamescouldhelpdyslexicpeopleshiftfromseeingtohearingmorequickly.”可知有阅读障碍的人在所看到的东西和所听到的东西之间进行转换时有困难。答案A3．Thestudyshowsthepeoplewithdyslexiaresponse______whentheyonlytakeasingleaction.A．slowerthanthepeoplewithoutdyslexiaB．fasterthanthepeoplewithoutdyslexiaC．asfastasthepeoplewithoutdyslexiaD．twicefasterthanthepeoplewithoutdyslexia解析细节理解题。依据第三段中的“Shefoundthatpeoplewithdyslexiawerejustasfastastheotherswhentheysawonlyapictureorheardonlyasound.”可知应选C。答案C4．WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinParagraph4?A．Thereasonaboutherstudy.B．Thesituationaboutherstudy.C．Theproblemaboutherstudy.D．Theconclusionaboutherstudy.解析推理推断题。通读第四段不难发觉Harrar向我们介绍了她争辩的结论：如何才能更好地使有阅读障碍的人反应的更快——玩视频玩耍。答案D5．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．TheDyslexicsreactquicklywhentheyhearawordandseeitinthemeantime.B．TheDyslexicsmakenoreactionwhentheyhearawordandseeitinthemeantime.C．TheDyslexicsreactquicklywhentheyhearawordbeforeseeit.D．TheDyslexicsreactquicklywhentheyhearawordafterseeit.解析细节理解题。依据第三段中的“ButtheDyslexicshadaslowerreactiontimewhentheyheardasoundandsawapictureatthesametime...”和最终一段中的“ThestudyshowsthatDyslexicsmightlearnmorequicklyiftheyhearthesoundofaletterorwordfirstbeforeseeingit.”可知有阅读障碍的人在看到一个单词之前先听到它，他们反应会快一些，故选C项。答案CPassage6体裁：记叙文话题：语言学习时间：8分钟IpreferLynneTruss'sphraseology:Iamagrammar“stickler”．And，likeTruss—authorofEats，Shoots&Leaves—Ihavea“zerotolerance”approachtogrammarmistakesthatmakepeoplelookstupid.Now，TrussandIdisagreeonwhatitmeanstohave“zerotolerance”．Shethinksthatpeoplewhomixupbasicgrammar“deservetobestruckbylightning，hackeduponthespotandburiedinanunmarkedgrave”，whileIjustthinktheydeservetobepassedoverforajob—eveniftheyareotherwisequalifiedfortheposition.Everyonewhoappliesforapositionateitherofmycompanies，iFixitorDozuki，takesacompulsorygrammartest.Ifjobhopefulscan'tdistinguishbetween“to”and“too”，theirapplicationsgointothebin.Ofcourse，wewriteforaliving.iFistheworld'slargestonlinerepairmanual(指南)，andDozukihelpscompanieswritetheirowntechnicaldocumentation，likepaperlessworkinstructionsandstep­by­stepusermanuals.So，itmakessensethatwe'vemadeastrongstrikeagainstgrammarerrors.Butgrammarisrelevantforallcompanies.Yes，languageisconstantlychanging，butthatdoesn'tmakegrammarunimportant.Goodgrammariscredibility，especiallyontheInternet.And，forbetterorworse，peoplejudgeyouifyoucan'ttellthedifferencebetween“their”“there”and“they're”．Goodgrammarmakesgoodbusinesssense—andnotjustwhenitcomestohiringwriters.Writingisn'tintheofficialjobdescriptionofmostpeopleinouroffice.Still，wegiveourgrammartesttoeverybody，includingoursalespeople，ouroperationsstaff，andourprogrammers.Grammarsignifiesmorethanjustaperson'sabilitytorememberhighschoolEnglish.I'vefoundthatpeoplewhomakefewermistakesonagrammartestalsomakefewermistakeswhentheyaredoingsomethingcompletelyunrelatedtowriting—likestockingshelvesorlabelingparts.Itisthesamewithprogrammers.Applicantswhodon'tthinkwritingisimportantarelikelytothinklotsofotherthingsalsoaren'timportant.【语篇导读】作者叙述了自己对语法错误的态度以及正确运用语法的重要性。1．TheauthoragreeswithLynneTrussonthat______.A．grammarmistakescan'tbetolerantB．booksongrammarmakepeoplestupidC．peopleneedtolearnbasicgrammarD．grammarmistakesareabsolutelyunavoidable解析细节理解题。依据文章第一段其次句可知，作者和LynneTruss一样，对语法错误都有一套“零容忍”策略，故选A项。答案A2．What'stheauthor's“zerotolerance”approachtothesejobseekerswhomixupbasicgrammar?A．Theyshouldbeleftoutforajob.B．Theyhavetocorrecttheirmistakes.C．Theyaren'tqualifiedfortheirjobs.D．Theymustbeseverelypunished.解析细节理解题。依据其次段中的“whileIjustthinktheydeservetobepassedoverforajob—eveniftheyareotherwisequalifiedfortheposition”可知，作者认为这些犯基础语法错误的求职者不应被录用。答案A3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofiFixitandDozuki?A．Onlyoneofthemhasacompulsorygrammartest.B．Theyarecompanieswhereonelearnsgrammar.C．Grammarisquiteimportantfortheirexistence.D．Theydependongrammarcorrectionforaliving.解析细节理解题。依据第四段至第六段内容，作者对每位员工都进行语法测试，由于正确的语法对作者的两个公司格外重要。答案C4．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Companiesgivinggrammartestsmayhavenogoodbusinesssense.B．Grammarbecomesunimportantaslanguageisconstantlychanging.C．A“zerotolerance”approachtogrammarerrorsmightseemalittleunfair.D．Peoplewhopayattentiontowritingmaypayattentiontootherthings.解析细节理解题。文章最终一段指出，在语法测试中出错少的人在做与写作无关的事情时错误也少，由此可见，那些重视写作的人，同样会重视其他事情。答案DPassage7体裁：说明文话题：公民科学时间：7分钟Citizenscienceisatermusedforprojectsorongoingprogramsofscientificworkinwhichindividualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers，manyofwhommayhavenospecificscientifictraining，performormanageresearch­relatedtaskssuchasobservation，measurementorcomputation.AnexampleofcitizenscienceisaprojectcalledProjectBudBurst.Overthepastsixgrowingseasons，ProjectBudBursthasusedthousandsofvolunteerobservers.Theyrecordwhenlocalplantsdeveloptheirleaves，flowersandfruit.Theobservationsgointoahugedatabase.Thenplantscientistscanstudythedatatolookforchangesovertime.ProjectdirectorSandraHendersonsaysparticipatorysciencelikethisisanideathatisgrowingquickly.Forexample，peoplewhoenjoyastronomycanobservechangesinthebrightnessofastar.PeoplecanexaminesatelliteimagesofEarthtolookforsiteswherearcheologistsmightfindthelosttombofGenghisKhan，theMongolianwarriorandruler.Orsomeoneinterestedinorcawhalescanlistentounderwatermicrophonesandletresearchersknowwhenthewhalesarepresent.ThousandsofAmericansandCanadiansvolunteeredtocountbirdsthispastmigrationseasonaspartofProjectFeederWatch.Anotherareawherecitizensciencehasgrownisintestingwater.AmandaBrunercoordinatesSoundCitizen，aprojectbasedattheUniversityofWashingtoncampusinTacoma.ItkeepstrackofpollutantsinPugetSound.Somepeople，includingscientists，stillquestionwhetheraveragecitizenscancollectreliabledata.Newdigitaltoolscanhelpsettlequestionsaboutdataquality，andmakeiteasierforpeopletotakepartincitizenscience.Publichealthresearchisanotherareawhereaveragecitizensaregettinginvolved—insomecases，whetherresearcherslikeitornot.Theideaisforthepublictohaveavoiceinhowpublichealthstudiesaredone.Thereisevenasayingforthiskindofactivism：“Nomoreresearchaboutuswithoutus.”【语篇导读】本文属于科普类说明文，主要介绍了公民科学的含义以及人们对它的看法。1．Whoaretheparticipantsinvolvedincitizenscience?A．Professionalscientistswhohaveretired.B．Thepublicshowinginterestinsomescienceprojects.C．Citizenswhohavespecificscientifictraining.D．Studentswantingtobescientists.解析细节理解题。依据文章内容可知，公民科学的参与者是对一些科学项目有爱好的民众，他们中很多人并没有接受过特定的培训。故B项正确。答案B2．Accordingtothepassage，ifyouareinterestedinplants，youmaytakepartin______.A．ProjectBudBurstB．ProjectFeederWatchC．SoundCitizenD．publichealthresearch解析细节理解题。依据其次段中的“Theyrecordwhenlocalplantsdeveloptheirleaves，flowersandfruit...Thenplantscientistscanstudythedatatolookforchangesovertime.”可知答案为A。答案A3．FromParagraph3，wecaninferthat______.A．citizensciencedevelopsquicklyandincludesmanyfieldsB．thereisnoneedforprofessionalscientiststodoresearchC．observationistheonlymethodtodocitizenscienceD．citizensciencehasgrownintestingwater解析推理推断题。依据其次段末尾句和第三段所述内容可推知，citizenscience进展快速且所涉领域很广，故A项正确。D属于明示信息，不属于推论。答案A4．Whatcanhelpgetreliabledataincitizenscience?A．Specificscientifictraining.B．Moreparticipationofthepublic.C．Greatersocialsupport.D．Newdigitaltools.解析细节理解题。依据倒数其次段最终一句“Newdigitaltoolscanhelp...takepartincitizenscience.”可知答案为D。答案D【长难句解读】原文Citizenscienceisatermusedforprojectsorongoingprogramsofscientificworkinwhichindividualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers，manyofwhommayhavenospecificscientifictraining，performormanageresearch­relatedtaskssuchasobservation，measurementorcomputation.