2021年高考英语考点总动员系列-专题03-介词和介词短语(解析版)

【母题再现】题型介绍：介词短语的用法和介词基本词义辨析考点，是英语高考命题的热点之一。在高考中主要考查点有：介词的基本用法辨析、介词短语的用法等。命题形式：本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1.单选填空（毁灭在自主命题区）；2.语法填空（短文填空）（毁灭在全国卷中）3.短文改错。高考选题：题型1：【2022·全国大纲卷】29.September30istheday_______whichyoumustpayyourbill.A.by B.for C.withD.in题型2：【2022·福建卷】短文填词（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，依据以下提示：1）汉语提示，2）首字母提示，3）语境提示，在每个空格内填人一个适当的英语单词，所填单词要求意义精确，拼写正确，并将该词完整地写在答题卡中相应的横线上。Manyofuswereraisedwiththesaying"Wastenot,wantnot.”Noneofus,(76)_h,cancompletelyavoidwasteinourlives.Anykindofwasteisthoughtless.Whetherwewasteourpotentialtalents,ourowntime,ourlimitednatural(77)（资源）,ourmoney,orotherpeople'stime,eachofuscanbecomemoreawareandcareful.Thesmallestgoodhabitscanmakeabig(78)_d.It'sagoodfeelingtoknowinourheartswearedoingour(79)hinaworldthatisinserioustrouble.Byfocusingon(80)（节省）oil,water,paper,food,andclothing,weareplayingapart(81)cuttingdownonwaste.Wemustkeepreminding(82)（白己）thatitiseasiertogetintosomething(83)itistogetoutofit.Actually,severedamage(84)d____toourlandisfairlyrecentinthehistoryofourevolution.It'stimeforusto(85)____notowastesothatourgrandchildren’schildrenwillbeabletodevelopwell.Wecan'tsolvealltheproblemsofwaste,butwecanencouragemindfulness.Wastenot！题型3：【2022·全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处，每处仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。留意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Mydreamschoolstartsat8:30a.m.andendsat3:30p.m.Theyarethreelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.Wedidn’tneedtodosomanyhomework.Therefore,wehavemoretimewithafter-schoolactivities.Forexample,wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhourandplaysportsforonehoureveryday.Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsatbythelakelisteningmusic.Theteachersherearekindandhelpfully.Theyarenotonlyourteachersbutalsoourfriends.sth或者todosth意思是“有做某事的时间”，把with改为for。解题技巧：介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。使用频率相当高，用法多而杂，一个介词可能有多种不同的用法；一个相近的意思又可以用不同的介词表达。所以在二轮的备考中必需逐一把握每个介词的用法；弄清楚易混介词的用法异同；能够依据具体语境机敏运用介词。解答此类试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：解答介词类试题应留意：1.考查常用介词的基本用法英语的常用介词包括in，at，on，by，to，for，after，before，about，over，above，with，under等，命题者在对这类考点命题时往往会要求考生结合特定的句子进行语境理解。2.考查习语性介词短语的用法英语中习语性介词短语有很多，如atcost按成本；beyondbelief难以置信；byaccident偶然地，意外地；forexample例如；outofreach无法拿到；等等。3.考查特定词语与特定介词的搭配有不少形容词、名词、动词等在与介词搭配时，往往有自己的习惯。4.考查复合介词的用法复合介词指的是由两个或两个以上单词组成的介词，它们可能是由“副词十介词”构成，如alongwith，apartfrom，togetherwith，upto等；可能由“动词（形容词、连词等）+介词”构成，如exceptfor，owingto，dueto,butfor，becauseof等；也可能由“介词十名词十介词”构成，如bymeansof，inadditionto，incomparisonwith，onaccountof，withregardto等【考点揭秘】高频考点一：考查常用介词词义辨析【浙江省宁波市2022届高三其次次模拟】Jack,what’syourmainreasonforchoosingonerestaurant______another?A.from B.over C.on D.by高频考点二：考查复合介词的用法【浙江省宁波市十校2022届高三三月联考】Insuchabackground,hiswhitehairwasparticularlyhisdarkskin． A．inrelationto B．inneedofC．incontrastto D．infavorof高频考点三：考查习语性介词短语的用法【浙江省绍兴市第一中学2022届高三上学期回头考】—WhatdoyouthinkofThomas? —Well,heisgood,warm-hearted,hard-workingandintelligent;_______,Ican’tspeaktoohighlyofhim. A.inawordB.asaresultC.bythewayD.onthecontrary高频考点四：考查特定词语与特定介词的搭配【浙江省绍兴县鲁迅中学2022届高三一般高等学校招生5月适应性考试】Peopleinthesecountriesdemandequaltreatmentforall,____race,religionorsex.A.indefenceofB.regardlessofC.insteadofD.insupportof【直击高考】1.【2022·浙江卷】18.

There’snoreasontobedisappointed.______,thiscouldberatheramusing.

A.Aboveall

B.Asaresult

C.Inaddition

D.Asamatteroffact2.【2022·重庆卷】7.Shedrovesofastattheturnthatthecaralmostwent_______theroad.A.onB.alongC.fromD.off3.【2022·北京卷】23.Janeisinahurrybecausethetraintotheairportleaves_______halfanhour.A.by B.inC.for D.until4.【2022·天津卷】6._______theschool,thevillagehasaclinic,whichwasalsobuiltwithgovernmentsupport.A.InreplytoB.InadditiontoC.InchargeofD.Inplaceof5.【2022·江西卷】25.Startingyourownbusinesscouldbeawaytoachievingfinancialindependence.___;itcouldjustputyouindebt.A.InotherwordsB.AllinallC.AsaresultD.Ontheotherhand6.【2022·江西卷】33.ItisunbelievablethatMr.Lucasleadsasimplelife__hisgreatwealth.A.withoutB.despiteC.inD.to【答案】B【解析】7.【2022·福建卷】22.Ourclubisopentoeveryone____age,sexoreducationalbackground.A.duetoB.exceptforC.alongwithD.regardlessof8.【2022·湖北卷】Checkcarrots，potatoes,onionsandanyothervegetables_____ andimmediatelyuseorthrowawayanywhichshowsignsofrotting.A.indemand B.instore C.onloan D.onsale9.【2022·江苏卷】24.Tomalwaysgoesjogginginthemorningandheusuallydoespush-upstootostay________.A.inplace B.inorder C.inshape D.infashion10.【2022·陕西卷】14.TheScottishgirl________blueeyeswonthefirstprizeintheFifthChineseSpeechContest.A.by B.of C.in D.with11.【2022·浙江卷】10.

Whilestayinginthevillage,Jamesunselfishlysharedwhateverhehadwiththevillagers

without

askingforanything______.

A.inreturn

B.incommon

C.inturn

D.inplace12.【2022·浙江卷】17.

Peoplewon’tpayattentiontoyouwhentheystillhavealotofideasoftheirowncrying_______

expression.

A.from

B.over

C.with

D.for【课后反馈】夯实基础：1．【浙江省台州市2022届高三下学期三月第一次模拟】Circumstancesarehumancontrol,butourconductisinourownpower.A.within B.against C.beyond D.below2．【浙江省温州市十校联合体2022届高三上学期期中联考】Drunkdriving,whichwasonceafrequentoccurrence,isnow______.A.underdebateB.undercontrolC.underconstructionD.underinvestigation3．【浙江省温州市十校联合体2022届高三上学期期中联考】—IwassurprisedtoseewildflowersinAlaska.—Manypeoplethinkthereisnothingthere_______iceandsnow.A.butfor B.ratherthan C.apartfrom D.regardlessof4．【浙江省温州中学2022届高三上学期期末考试】Youcantaketherestofthepiewithyou.___________,Iwishyouwould,sinceI’monadiet.A.OntheotherhandB.AsamatteroffactC.AsaconsequenceD.Inadditiontoit5．【浙江省诸暨中学2022届高三上学期期中】OnlylaterdidMaryrealizethatshehadatalent_____gardendesign.A.with B.to C.for D.of力气拓展：6．（英语卷·2022届江苏省扬州中学高三模拟考试（5月））________theHongKongsinger’scurrentpopularity,shewaslargelyunknownintheChinesemainlandbeforethetalentshow.A.WithB.DespiteC.BesidesD.Beyond7．（江苏省清江中学2022届高三第一次月考）Mybrotherisn’tverygoodatEnglish,but_____maths,heissecondtonone.A.inviewofB.infaceofC.intermsofD.infavorof8．（江苏省南京市、盐城市2022届高三其次次模拟（淮安三模）英语试题）—I'dlikeJohnsontotakethejob.—Heis____.Betternotaddtohisworkload.A.outofplaceB.outoforderC.outofshapeD.outofquestion9．（江苏省泰州市姜堰区2022届高三上学期期中考试英语试题）______thenumbersinemployment,thehotelindustrywasthesecondlargestindustryinthiscountrylastyear.A.InspiteofB.IncaseofC.IntermsofD.Infavorof10．【2022届四川省成都市乐山一中高三10月月考试题】It’smewhysomepeoplearecrazyaboutiPhone.It’sjustameansofcommunication.A.aboveB.underC.beyondD.over自我提升：11．【2022届四川省成都七中高三下学期英语试题】Ithinkitunwisetolive______one’sincome,asisthecasewithalotofyoungpeopletoday,whooftenturntotheirparentsforhelp.A.beyond B.within C.outside D.over12．【2022届四川省成都石室高三上学期一诊模拟考试（二）试题】Hecanspeakfourlanguages,_______English,French,Japanese,andChinese.A.suchas B.forinstanceC.forexample D.namely13．【2022届四川省凉山州高三其次次诊断性测试试题】Theyaresimilar＿＿＿appearance,butdiffer＿characterA.to;fromB.in;fromC.to;inD.in;in14．【2022届甘肃兰州一中高考冲刺卷二】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。MostAmericansdon’tliketogetadvice_____1______membersoftheirfamily.Theygetadvicefrom“_____2_____（strange）”.Whentheyneedadvice,theydon’tusuallygotopeopletheyknow._____3_____manyofthemwriteletterstonewspapersandmagazines_____4____giveadviceonmanydifferentsubjects,_____5_____（include）familyproblems,theuseoflanguage,health,cooking,childcare,clothes,andevenonhow____6______（buy）ahouseoracar.Mostnewspa