Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation 重点速记+语法精讲+写作指导+阅读提升-2023-2024学年英语八年级上册（人教版）

Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?你去哪里度假了?单元能力提升重点速记词汇梳理1diary(n.日记;记事簿)-(复数)diaries2bored(adj.厌倦的,烦闷的)-boring(adj.没趣的,令人厌倦的)3enjoy(v.享受······的乐趣;喜爱)-enjoyable(adj.有乐趣的;令人愉快的)-enjoyment(n.乐趣;乐事)4activity(n.活动)-(复数)activities5decide(v.决定;选定)-decision(n.决定;抉择)6build(v.建筑;建造)-building(n.建筑物;房子)-builder(n.建筑者)7trade(n.贸易v.做买卖;从事贸易)-trader(n.商人)8wonder(v.想知道;琢磨n.惊叹;惊奇)-wonderful(adj.精彩的;绝妙的)-wonderfully(adv.精彩地)9different(adj.不同的)-difference(n.差别;差异)10.like(v.喜欢n.喜好;爱好)-(反义词)dislike［v.&n.不喜爱(的事物);厌恶(的事物)］11below(prep.&adv.在······下面;到······下面)-(反义词)above[prep.&adv.在(·····)上面］12hunger(n.饥饿;渴望)-hungry(adj.饥饿的;渴望得到)词块归纳1goonvacation去度假beonvacation休假2playvolleyball打排球3quiteafew相当多;不少4goout出去5keepadiary记日记6ofcourse当然7enjoyoneselfhaveagoodtimehavefun玩得高兴;过得愉快8toomany太多toomuch太多muchtoo太9feellike给······的感觉;感受到10alongtheway沿途,一路上11walkaround到处走走12getto到达13findout弄清;查明14upanddown上上下下;来来回回15take(some)photos拍(一些)照片16comeup(太阳或月亮)升起,出来17inexcitement激动地18stayathome待在家里19studyfortests备考20gotothemountains去山区gotothebeach去海滩gotosummercamp去夏令营21mostofthetime大部分时间22thenextday第二天23somethingimportant重要的事／东西24tryparagliding尝试滑翔伞运动25byefornow再见26becauseof因为27inthepast在过去用法总结1Longtimenosee.好久不见.2buysth.forsb.=buysb.sth.给某人买某物3taste+adj.尝起来······4trydoingsth.试着做某事trytodosth.尽力做某事5(tobe)+n./adj.似乎·····;好像······seemlike+n.似乎·····;好像······seemtodosth.似乎做某事;好像做某事6there'snothingtodobut...除了·····之外,没有什么事可做7Whatabout...?=Howabout...?······呢?／······怎么样?8Whatdoyouthinkof...?Howdoyoulike...?Howdoyoufeelabout...?你觉得······怎么样?9enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事10startdoingsth.=starttodosth.开始做某事11keepdoingsth.继续／重复做某事12arrivein+大地点到达某地arriveat+小地点到达某地13forgettodosth.忘记要做某事(某事未做)forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(某事已做)14Whynotdo..,?=Whydon'tyou/wedo...?为什么不做······呢?15so+adj./adv.+that从句如此······以至于······16tellsb.(not)todosth.叮嘱／吩咐／告诉某人(不要)做某事语法精讲(一)复合不定代词语法示例1.Iboughtsomethingformyparents,butnothingformyself.我给我父母买了一些东西,但是什么也没给我自己买.(教材P33a)2.Didshedoanythingspecialthere?她在那里做什么特别的事情了吗?(教材P41c)语法概述复合不定代词是由some、any、no、every加上-body、(-)one、-thing构成的不定代词.复合不定代词在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,不能作定语.常见的复合不定代词some-类any-类no-类every-类-bodysomebody某人;有人anybody任何人nobody没有人everybody每人;人人;所有人(-)onesomeone某人;有人anyone任何人noone没有人everyone每人;人人;所有人-thingsomething某事;某物anything任何东西;任何事物nothing没有什么everything每件事;所有事物;一切»Someoneiswaitingforyou.有人在等你.»Ihavenothingtosay.我没什么可说的.»Hersoniseverythingforher.对她来说,儿子就是一切.拓somebody除有＂某人,有人＂的意思外,还有“重要人物＂的意思,反义词为nobody"无足轻重的人,小人物＂.»Shethinksshe'sreallysomebodyinthatcar.她以为坐上那辆车,她就真成个人物了.»Heisregardedasanobodyinthisgroup.在这个团队中,他被看作是无足轻重的人.考向1复合不定代词作主语复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式.»Everyonewantstohavealongholiday.人人都想有一个长假期.考向2复合不定代词被定语修饰复合不定代词若被定语(形容词、不定式、else等)修饰,定语要后置.»Iwanttobuysomethingspecialformygrandmother.我想给奶奶买些特别的东西.»Doyouhaveanythingtobuy?你有什么要买的吗?»Asksomebodyelsetohelpyou.另请个人来帮帮你吧.典例1(2022·云南中考)Iadviseyounottoshow________onWeChatbecauseitmaycausetrouble.A.anythingpersonalB.personalanythingC.somethingpersonalD.personalsomething解析;句意;我建议你不要在微信上展示任何个人信息,因为这可能会引起麻烦.形容词作定语修饰复合不定代词时,要放在复合不定代词之后,先排除B、D两项;再结合句中的not可知应用anythingpersonal,选A.考向3some-类和any-类复合不定代词的用法区别①some-类复合不定代词常用于肯定句.»Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike.我的自行车出问题了.②any-类复合不定代词常用于否定句和疑问句.»Isthereanyoneathome?家里有人吗?Theoldladycouldn'tseeanythingatall.那位老妇人什么都看不见.③在表示请求、建议或希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中,要用some-类复合不定代词.»Shouldwecalladoctororsomeone?我们要不要请个大夫什么的?»Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你想要喝点儿什么吗?典例2(2022·济南中考)-Didyoudo________specialforyourmotheronherbirthday?-Yes,Icookedlongnoodlesforher.A.nothingB.somethingC.everythingD.anything解析:句意:＂你妈妈生目那天你做什么特别的事情了吗?＂＂做了.我给她做了长寿面.”此处是疑问句,且并非表示请求、建议或希望得到对方的肯定回答,故应用anything,选D.考向4使用复合不定代词时应注意的其他问题every-类复合不定代词与not连用时,表示部分否定;若表示全部否定,则要用no-类复合不定代词或是在否定句中用any-类复合不定代词.»Noteveryoneknowsher.不是所有人都认识她.(部分否定)»Nobodyknowsher.没有人认识她.(全部否定)»Thereisn'tanyoneintheclassroom.教室里没有人.(全部否定)巧学妙记复合不定代词的用法复合代词有特长,修饰成分后边藏,如果它来作主语,谓语单数没商量.some-代词肯定句,any-代词否、疑忙,若是希望得肯定,some-代词不相让.(二)一般过去时语法示例1.Iwasonvacationlastmonth.我上个月去度假了.(教材P22d)2.Ijuststayedathomemostofthetimetoreadandrelax.我大部分时间只是待在家里看书、休息.(教材P22d)3.Dideveryonehaveagoodtime?所有人都玩得高兴吗?(教材P3GrammarFocus)语法概述一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态;也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作.常与yesterday、lastmonth、inthepast、justnow、...ago等表示过去的时间状语连用.考向1动词变过去式的规则①规则变化类别构成方法例词与发音读音规则一般情况加-edplay-played/pleid/offer-offered/'ɒfə(r)d/清辅音后读/t/,浊辅音和元音后读/d/,/t/和/d/后面读/Id/以e结尾的动词加-dlike-liked/laikt/hate-hated/'heitid/以“辅音字母＋y"结尾的动词变y为i,再加-edcry-cried/kraid/study-studied/'stʌdid/以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-edplan-planned/plænd/stop-stopped/stɒpt/巧学妙记规则动词过去式的构成过去式构成有规律,一般词尾加-ed.如果词尾有个e,直接加-d就可以.辅音字母y结尾,变y为i加-ed.一辅重闭作尾巴,双写之后加-ed.②不规则变化不规则动词的过去式变化需要特殊记忆,大致可分为以下几种:类别例词过去式和原形一样cut-cutread-read/red/put-putlet-let中间元音变化i-aswim-swambegin-begansit-satgive-gavei-oride-rodedrive-drovewrite-wroteo/a-edraw-drewthrow-threwgrow-grewknow-knew过去式以ought和aught结尾bring-broughtteach-taughtcatch-caughtbuy-bought结尾的d变为tbuild-builtspend-spentsend-sentlend-lent含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加tfeel-feltkeep-keptsmell-smeltsleep-slept典例3(2022·上海中考)ThethreeChineseastronauts________safelyfromspaceonApril16,2022.A.returnedB.arereturningC.havereturnedD.hadreturned解析:根据本句的时间状语＂onApril16,2022"可知,该动作发生在过去,要用一般过去时,故选A.考向2一般过去时的句式结构句子类型含be动词含行为动词肯定句主语＋was/were+其他.主语＋动词过去式＋其他.否定句主语＋was/were+not+其他.主语＋didn't+动词原形＋其他.一般疑问句及其回答Was/Were+主语＋其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语＋was/were.否定回答:No,主语＋wasn't/weren't.Did+主语＋动词原形＋其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语＋did.否定回答:主语＋didn't.肯定句:»IwasinBeijinglastmonth.我上个月在北京.»IwenttoShanghailastFriday.我上周五去了上海.否定句:»Iwasn'tinBeijinglastmonth.我上个月不在北京.»Ididn'tgotoShanghailastFriday.我上周五没去上海.一般疑问句及其回答:»-WereyouinBeijinglastmonth?你上个月在北京吗?-Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn't.是的,我在.／不,我不在.»-DidyougotoShanghailastFriday?你上周五去了上海吗?-Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.是的,我去了.／不,我没去.典例4按要求完成句子.(绥化中考)Heputofftheplantillthenextweek.(改为一般疑问句)_______he_______offtheplantillthenextweek?答案:Did;put写作指导如何写假期活动的相关文章话题分析本单元的话题是“度假”.这类文章的写作主要要求描述旅途见闻、假期所做的事情以及假期之后的心得等,体裁以记叙文为主,时态应以一般过去时为主.写作实践(成都中考)假如你是图中女孩,你与家人于4月29日共度周日.请根据图中所示写一篇英文日记,讲述你当天所见和所做之事.注意:1.日记应包含图中所有信息;2.日记中须写出当天的一些感受;3.日记应格式正确,语句通顺,句式多样;4.词数:100左右.参考词汇:沙堡sandcastle螃蟹crab________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________思路导引1.文章要符合日记的格式,日期写在左上角,天气写在右上角2.日记分三部分:开头(引出话题)→hadagoodtime,onthebeach主体(描述活动)couldseetherisingsunandflyingseabirds,relaxedinthesea,playedvolleyball,madeasandcastle结尾(表达感受)→pleasant,gotclosetonature,sharedhappinesswith...词句积累词汇haveagoodtime过得愉快onthebeach在海滩上swiminthesea在海里游泳seetherisingsun看日出makeasandcastle堆沙堡playvolleyballonthesand在沙滩上打排球句子1.Ihadagoodtimeonthebeach.我在海滩上玩得很愉快.2.Isawaboatsailingonthesea.我看见一只船在海上航行.3.Iplayedvolleyballwithmyparentsonthesand.我和我的父母在沙滩上打排球.4.Whatapleasantday!多么愉快的一天啊！5.谚Readtenthousandbooksandtraveltenthousandmiles.读万卷书,行万里路.6.谚Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.千里之行,始于足下.佳作展示Sunday,April29thSunnyTodayIhadagoodtimewithmyparentsonthebeach.①ItwassofinethatIcouldseetherisingsunandflyingseabirds.Ialsosawaboatsailingonthesea.Ilostmyselfinthebeautifulscene.②Wearingmyswimsuit,Ispentacoupleofhoursrelaxinginthesea.IfeltlikeIwasafish.③Then,Iplayedvolleyballwithmyparents.③Finally,Imanagedtomakeasandcastlewithtools.Itlookedsotruetolifethatacrabevenwantedtoliveinit.④Whatapleasantday!Inotonlygotclosetonaturebutalsosharedhappinesswithmyfamily.名师点评这篇习作主要描述了作者在海边的活动.语句通顺,层次分明,时态正确,内容充实.文中使用了haveagoodtime(玩得高兴)、loseoneselfin...(沉浸于······)、managetodosth.(设法做成某事)、notonly...butalso...(不仅······而且·······)等短语.①运用so...that...(如此······以至于······)句型描述了所看风景.②此处首先运用spendsometime(in)doingsth.(花费时间做某事)结构讲述了自己所做之事,接着运用＂feellike..."表达了自己的感受.③此处使用了表示顺序的副词then和finally,表明了句子之间的逻辑关系.④使用what引导的感叹句表达了对此次活动的喜爱之情.阅读提升方法概述在语篇中根据首字母提示填空是中考中常见的一种题型,它与完形填空