【创新设计】2021高考英语(湖南专用)大二轮总复习测试：写作专题-专题一-阅读填空

eq\o(\s\up7(),\s\do5())Passage1Sincetheearliestcivilizations，peoplehavecontrolledriverstomeetsociety'sdemands.Today，riversarecontrolledformanyreasons，primarilytomaintainreliablewatersuppliesfordaily，agriculturalandindustrialneeds，forpowergeneration，fornavigation(航行)，andtopreventflooding.Rivercontrolisachievedbychannelization，atermthatcoversarangeofriverengineerinworks，includingwidening，deepening，straighteningandstabilizationofbanks，andbytheconstructionofdams.AnimportantperiodofchannelizationtookplaceinEuropeduringthe19thcentury，whenmanylargeriverswerestraightenedandtheirbedsdeepened.OneofthemostdramaticallychangedwastheTiszaRiver，abranchoftheDanubethatflowsthroughHungary.ThecontrollingoftheTisza，designedtoreducefloodingandmakelandforagriculture，includedcuttingoffmorethan100meanders(河曲)，shorteningtheriver'slengthbynearly400kilometers.Oneofthemostcommonwaysinwhichpeoplecontrolriversisbydammingthem.Thepast50yearsorsohasseenanincreaseindamconstructionworldwide，andatthebeginningofthe21stcentury，therewereabout800,000damsglobally，sometoweringmorethan200metersinheight.Despitetheirsuccesses，manydamsalsocausesignificantenvironmentalchangesthatproveharmful.Someparticularlydeepreservoirs(水库)canbringaboutearthquakesduetothestressontheirbottomrockscausedbyhugevolumesofwater.Downstreamofareservoir，theriveriscertainlyinfluencedinmanyways：watervolume，speedandqualityareallaffected，leadingtochangesinthelandscapeandamongplantsandanimals.答案1.Rivercontrol2.Reasons3.supply4.agriculture5.flooding6.deepening7.stabilizing8.shortening9.damconstruction10.theenvironmentPassage2Aprofessorofenvironmentalhealthandhisstudentsbeganstudyingtheideaofrooftopgardeningforcities.“Ithinkverticalfarmingisanideathatcanworkinabigway，”saidDespommier.Whywouldwewanttobuildskyscrapersfilledwithvegetableswhenwe'vebeenfarmingonthegroundfor10,000years?Becauseastheworld'spopulationgrows—from6.8billionnowtoasmuchas9billionby2050—wecouldrunoutofproductivesoilandwater.Mostofthepopulationgrowthwilloccurincitiesthatcan'teasilyfeedthemselves.Andthefactthatmodernagricultureandeverythingassociatedwithit—chemicalfertilizersandtransportationfullofcarbon—isasignificantcontributortoclimatechange，andsuddenlyverticalfarmingdoesn'tseemsomagiconeinthesky.“Verticalfarmingcouldallowfoodtobegrownlocallyandsustainably，”saysGlenKertz，CEOofValcent.Theresultsavesspace—vitalinurbanareas—andallowsfarmerstoirrigateandfertilizewithfarlesswaste.AtValcent'sElPasolab，cropsgrowinrowsonconveyorbelts.Movingthemgivestheplantsthepreciseamountoflightandnutrientsneeded，lettingthemgrow15timesasmuchvegetableasonanormalfarmwith5%ofthewaterthattraditionalagriculturedoes.Dedspommierplanstobuilda30­story，city­block­sizeverticalfarmthatwouldhavetransparentwallstomaximizesunlightandwouldproduceenoughfoodfor50,000people.Butitwouldcosthundredsofmillionstobuildafull­scaleskyscraperfarm.That'sthemaindrawback:constructionandenergycostswouldprobablymakeverticallyraisedfoodmorecostlythantraditionalcrops.答案1.VerticalFarming2.Reasons/Causes/Contributions3.incities4.climatechange5.Advantages6.vitalspace7.lesswater8.lightandnutrients9.transparentwalls10.energycostsPassage3Youngpeoplearedefinitelylesscourageous(英勇的)thantheywerethreedecadesago.Whyisthis?It'sbecausetheyarespoiled，andtakeforgrantedeverythingthattheyhaveoraregiven.Threedecadesago，therewasn'tnearlyasmuchblatant(公然的)disrespectforelders，peers，orotherpeopleingeneral.Atthattime，youngpeopleweretaughtthattogetanythingorgetanywhereinlife，they'dhavetoworkforitandearnit.Ifyoungpeoplearen'tbeingtaughtthebasicsofrespectingothers，andaren'tbeingtaughtthattheyneedtoworktomakealiving，thenwherearetheytolearncourage.Courageisn'tnecessarilyaboutriskingyourlife，forwhateverreason.Itisaboutbeingabletofaceanykindofhardship，andtomakedecisionsandfacetheconsequencesofthosedecisions.Couragemeansbeingabletolearnfromhardtimes，andtotakethoselessonswithyouthroughlife.Itmeanshavingtheresourcefulness(足智多谋)tofindwaystodealwithyourproblemsyourself，andnotbeingafraidtodoso.Toomanyyoungpeoplenowrelyonparents，siblings，olderrelativesandotherstogetthemthroughlife.Toooftentheyturntothesefigureswhenevertheygetintotrouble，andexpecttohavetheirproblemssolvedforthem.Ifwearetohelpouryoungpeoplebecomemorecourageous，weshouldstopspoilingthem，stopdoingeverythingforthem，andteachthemtheskillsnecessarytomakebasiclifedecisionsontheirown.Oncethesebasicprinciplesareinstilled(灌输)inouryoungpeople，Ithinkwe'llfindthattheyaremorecourageousthanwecouldhavedreamed，andmoreliketheyoungpeopleofthreedecadesagothanwehadeverimagined.It'stimetogobacktooldervaluesandideas，andtobringcouragebackintoouryoungpeopleandsociety.Theme__1__youngpeople30yearago，thosearelesscourageous.ThebehaviorofyoungpeopletodayTheygenerallyshow__2__foreldersandotherpeople.Theytakeforgrantedwhatevertheyhaveorreceive.Manyofthemaretoo__3__theirparentsorotherrelativestogetthemthroughlife.__4__Theyarenot__5__ofthebasicsofrespectingothers.Theyarenottaughttoworkhardtomaketheirdreams__6__.Theydon'thavethe__7__tomakewisedecisionsandovercomedifficultiesindependently.Theytendtoexpectothers，suchastheirparentsorsiblings，tohelpthemoutwhentheyare__8__.TipsNever__9__them;onlyhelpthemwhennecessary.Teachthemtheskillstheyneedtomakebasiclifedecisionsbythemselves.ConclusionIt'stimewewentbacktooldervaluesandideas，and__10__intoouryoungpeopleandsociety.答案1.Comparedwith2.disrespect/little/lessrespect3.dependenton4.Retrue7．ability8.introuble9.spoil10.broughtcouragebackPassage4Istherea“successpersonality”—somewinningcombinationofqualitiesthatleadalmostinevitably(不行避开的)toachievement?Ifso，exactlywhatisthatsecretsuccessformula(公式)，andcananyonedevelopit?AttheGallopOrganizationwerecentlyfocusedindepthonsuccess，inquiringintotheattitudesof1,500distinguishedpeopleselectedatrandomfromWhoisWhoinAmerica.Ourresearchfindsoutanumberofqualitiesthatoccurregularlyamongtopachievers.Hereisoneofthemostimportant，thatiscommonsense.Commonsenseisthemostwidelypossessedqualityofthepeoplesurveyed.79%awardthemselvesatopscoreinthisquality.And61%saythatcommonsenseisveryimportantincontributingtotheirsuccess.Tomost，commonsensemeanstheabilitytopresentsound，practicaljudgmentondailyaffairs.Todothis，onehastoremoveextraideasandgetrighttothekeypointsofwhatmatters.ATexasoilandgasbusinessmanputsitthisway“Thekeyabilityforsuccessissimplifying.Inconductionofmeetinganddealingwithindustryreducingacomplexproblemtothesimplesttermishighlyimportant.”Iscommonsenseaqualityapersonisbornwith，orcanyoudosomethingtoincreaseit?Theoilman'sansweristhatcommonsensecandefinitelybedeveloped.Heoweshistolearninghowtodebateinschool.Anotherwaytoincreaseyourstoreofcommonsenseistoobserveitinothers，learningfromtheirandyourownmistakes.Besidescommonsense，therearemanyotherfactorsthatinfluencesuccess:knowingyourfield，self­reliance，intelligence，theabilitytogetthingsdone，leadership，creativity，relationshipwithothers，andofcourseluck.Butcommonsensestandsout.Ifyoudevelopt