北京市朝阳区高三第一学期期末英语试题和答案

...wd......wd......wd...北京市朝阳区2017-2018学年度第一学期期末质量检测高三年级英语学科试卷2018.1〔考试时间100分钟总分值120分)本试卷共10页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第一局部：知识运用〔共两节，45分〕第一节单项填空〔共15小题；每题1分,共15分〕从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：It’ssonicetohearfromheragain._____,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.A.What’smoreB.That’stosayC.InotherwordsD.Believeitornot 答案是D。1.Thesefreshvegetablesareeasytorotsoyou______eatthemwithintwodays.A.might B.should C.can D.would2.______thepicturesonthescreenmoreclearly,theymovedtothefrontrow.A.Towatch B.Watching C.Watched D.Havingwatched3.Hemissedtheworstofthetrafficthismorning,______hesetoutbefore6o’clock.A.but B.so C.for D.or4.––Didyouhavetodomuchforthedinnerparty?––No,Tina______everythingbythetimeIgothome.A.hasfinished B.hadfinished C.wouldfinish D.willfinish5.Twoblocksbeyondtheschoolisafield______weoftenplayedfootballduringchildhood. A.who B.which C.when D.where6.Myparentsgraduatedfromthisuniversity;that’s______Iinsistedonapplyingforit.A.which B.why C.what D.where7.––Whyareyoubuyinganewrefrigerator?––Theoldone______somanytimesthatit’snotworthitanymore.A.hasrepaired B.isrepaired C.hasbeenrepaired D.hasbeenrepairing8.Achildshouldbereceivingeithermeatoreggsdaily,preferably______.A.neither B.none C.either D.both9.––CanIgiveyouacallonSaturdaymorning?––IthinkI______tothemountains,socallmeonmycellphone.A.drive B.amdriving C.willdrive D.willbedriving10.Whatwillyoudoifthepeople______atthebackofthehallhavetroublehearingthespeech?A.sitting B.sit C.sat D.tosit11.Havingahobbyisgoodforyou.Itdoesn’tmatterwhatitis_____itdrivesyouforward.A. aslongas B.though C.unless D.inorderthat12.______thecharactersleaveunsaidisoftenmoreimportantthanwhattheyputintowords.A.That B.When C.What D.How13.––Mycarismakingareallystrangenoise.––You’dbettergetit______beforeyoudrivetoDenver.A.lookingat B.lookedat C.tolookat D.beinglookedat14.IwishI______youradvicethen.Inthatcasethingsmightnotbesobad.A.havetaken B.took C.hadtaken D.wouldhavetaken15.What’stouchingaboutbeingavolunteerisseeing_____helpingbringsoutthebestinpeople.A.what B.whether C.why D.how第二节完形填空〔共20小题；每题1.5分，共30分〕阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。FailingSuccessfullyTwoyearsagoItookpartinaspeechcompetitionanddeliveredamemorizedspeech.Itwasahardtimeformewhenthejudge__16__thewinners.Atlast,themomentoftruthcame.Igottheworst.Afternotbeingplacedinthecompetition,Ireallywantedto__17__again.Irealizedthatfindingtherighttopicwasthemostimportantpartofthewhole__18__.Itneedstobemotivationalandinspirationaltothe__19__.SoIreworkedmyspeechforthefollowingyear,__20__adifferenttopicandspendingmanyhoursbeforethecomputerandinlibrariesdoingresearch.ThenIworked__21__thespeech,linebyline,wordbyword,makingit__22__better.ThenextyearIparticipatedinthecompetitionagain.Igavemy__23__intwoparts,onewasaboutmyownexperienceandtheotherwasaboutthefeelingsthatpeopleusuallyhavewhengivingaspeech—how__24__itis,standingonastageallalone,witheveryonesittingandwatchingthem.Myspeech__25__downwellandIwashopingtodothatalittlebitbetter.__26__,mywishdidn’tcometrue.ThecompetitionwassofierceandagainIwasn’t__27__.Iwasdeeplydisappointed,sinceIcouldn’tacceptthefactthatIhad__28__twiceinsomethingthatIhadworkedsohardon.However,Iknewthatlosingis__29__andpartoflife.Oneofthejudgessaidtomethatmyspeechwasquitegood,__30__itneededtobebetterifIwantedtogoanyfurther.Headvisedmetostruggleto__31__somethinglikesomeoftheemptygestures.HesaidthatIwouldsurelysucceedsomeday.WhileIdidn’tearn__32__asaresultofthecompetition,Ididgainanewviewpoint.IdiscoveredthatIcouldfailsuccessfully.IthinkI’ll__33__toworkhardandenterthenextcompetition.Now,wheneverI’mfacedwithadefeat,I__34__myselfofwhatafamouspersonsaid,“Thepathwaswornandslippery.Myfootslippedfromunderme,knockingtheotheroutoftheway,butIrecoveredandsaidtomyselfthatit’saslipandnota__35__.〞16.A.announced B.predicted C.observed D.interviewed17.A.suffer B.compete C.win D.check18.A.range B.condition C.system D.process19.A.audience B.companion C.director D.author20.A.reviewing B.supposing C.picking D.comparing21.A.during B.against C.behind D.through22.A.increase B.flow C.expose D.occur23.A.choice B.instruction C.reason D.speech24.A.annoying B.surprising C.frightening D.confusing25.A.went B.dropped C.slowed D.rolled26.A.Angrily B.Sadly C.Strangely D.Eagerly27.A.settled B.treated C.placed D.affected28.A.decreased B.escaped C.struggled D.failed29.A.flexible B.normal C.appropriate D.typical30.A.but B.so C.for D.or31.A.assume B.declare C.overcome D.acquire32.A.profits B.awards C.comments D.qualities33.A.continue B.agree C.regret D.apply34.A.allow B.inform C.accuse D.remind35.A.kick B.push C.fall D.walk第二局部：阅读理解〔共两节，40分〕第一节〔共15小题；每题2分，共30分〕阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AJanuary10thTothemembersofthecitycouncilofAlbion,AsalifelongpersonlivinginAlbionIhaveseenmanychangestoourbeautifultown.Fiftyyearsago,thepopulationwas32,000andMainStreetwasthecenterofeverything.Peoplewenttheretoshop,eatinrestaurants,seemovies,andsometimesjustwalkaround.Today,Albion’spopulationisover80,000andnobodyeventhinksaboutgoingdowntown.WeshopatmallsandontheInternet.WetakeoutfastfoodandstayhomeandwatchTV.Mostofthedowntownbusinesseshaveclosed,puttingpeopleoutofwork.Iadvocateasuggestiontoturnthingsaround.Let’sdeclarethefourblockareatothenorthofMainStreetapedestrian-onlyzone.Oncewedothat,wecanbegincreatingalivelystreetscenewithopen-airmarkets,sidewalkcafes,andstreetmusiciansorotherperformers.Peoplemaystartmakingdowntowntheirfree-timedestination.Parentscanbringtheirchildren,andteenagerswouldbeabletogettogetherinapublicsetting.Thechangescouldalsohaveeconomicbenefitsforthecity.Artgalleries,clothingstores,andotherbusinessesmightbegintochangetheabandonedstoresintonewbusinesses.Asdowntownstreetlifebecomesmoreexciting,MainStreetcouldalsobegintoattractnewpeoplelivingthere.Youngpeoplerespondingtotheenergizingatmospheremaymoveintotheapartmentsabovethestores.Newapartmentswillbebuilt,providingnewhousingaswellasworkforlocalpeople.Allofthisactivitywouldhelptobringbackthecity’scommercialtaxbase.Ifyouwantconfirmationthatthiskindofplanworks,justlookatSpringfield’sresults.Whentheyinstitutedtheirpedestrian-onlyzonein2003,thechangesweregreat.Restaurantsandhotelsbegantofillupandunemploymentrateswentdown.Thepeopleofthetowngainedanexcitingnewneighborhood.Icertainlyhopeyou’llgivethisideayourseriousconsideration.Yourstruly,MaryBlakely36.What’sthechangeofthetowninthepastfiftyyears?A.Thepopulationhasdecreased.B.Therehavebeenfewersafeplaces.C.Peoplehavelostinterestindowntown.D.Theunemploymentratehasbeencontrolled.37.Whatideadoestheauthorgiveintheletter?A.Raisingthelocalcommercialtax.B.Abandoningthepedestrian-onlyzone.C.Drivingpeopleawayfromdowntown.D.Startingbusinessesinthedowntownarea.38.What’sthepurposeoftheletter?A.Toprovideadvicetothegovernment.B.Toseekhelpwiththeproblemsofthecity.C.Toexpressdissatisfactionwiththesituation.D.Togetpublicattentiontothelocaleconomy.BItprobablywon’tsurpriseyouthatteensaretextingmorethaneverbefore.Expertsshowgreatconcernforteentexting.Studentsmightnotlearncorrectgrammarandspellingiftheywritealotoftextmessages.Alsoallthattextingtakesawayfromhoursthatcouldbespentstudying,exercising,pursuinghobbies,ortalkingwithothersfacetoface.Somekidsevensleepwiththeirphonesbeneaththeirpillowsandwakeupseveraltimesduringthenighttotext.Dr.ElizabethDowdellpointsoutteensneedtolearnthattheycan—andshould—turnofftheirphonessometimes.Sheandherteamhadtwoteenagers,KennyandFranchesca,carryoutanexperiment.Theyshouldobeytherules:Nophonefor48hours.NocomputerorInterneteither,unlessitwasforschoolwork.Wouldthesetwoteenagersbeabletodoit?“IthinkI’mgoingtofeelreallyalone,〞Kennyworried.Franchescawasnervousbutbrave.“I’mexcitedforthechallenge,〞shesaid.“Idon’tknowwhat’sgoingtohappen.〞Theyhandedtheirphonestotheirmothersforsafekeeping.Thechallengewason.TheteamcaughtupwithKennyandFranchescaafter48phone-freehours.“Wow,itwaspuresuffering,〞Kennyjoked.“Thoughlifewithnophonewasn’teasy,〞headmitted,“ithadbenefits.IfeltlessstressedbecauseIdidn’thavetobeinvolved.〞Sure,Kennymissedhisfriends,andhewassadattimes.Buthealsofeltrelieffromtheconstanttexting.Insteadoftexting,Kennywenttothegymandcaughtuponschoolwork.Hesaidthatthefirstnighthesleptfor10hours.Healsospenttimesittingwithhisfamilyandtalking.“Ifeltclosertomyparents,〞saidKenny.Franchescahadanevenhappierresultwhensheputawayherphone.“Ilovedit!〞shesaid.“Iwasgoingtothegymandhangingoutwithfriendsandplayingbasketball.Ihadawonderfulexperience.〞Shesleptbettertoo,andshedecidedtocontinuetheexperimentforawhile.“IthinkI’llbesomuchsmarterandhealthier,〞sheexplained.“Everybodyintheworldshouldtryit.〞Kennydoesn’tplantogiveuphisphoneagain.Buthenowknowsthathecanlivewithoutit.“Itwasarealitycheck,〞saidtheteen.39.Expertsareconcernedaboutteens’textingbecauseit______.A.leadstolearningdisabilitiesB.takesuptheirlearningtimeC.developsthehabitofstayinguplateD.causesmisunderstandingswitheachother40.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Teenswillliveahealthierlifewithoutphones.B.Expectingteenstolivewithoutphonesisnotrealistic.C.Experimentingwithphoneuseispopularamongteens.D.Teensdon’trealizehowdifferenttheirlivesarewithoutphones.41.Howwerethetwoteens’reactionstothe48-hourchallengedifferent?A.OnlyKennyparticipatedinphysicalactivities.B.OnlyKennyspenttimetalkingwithhisparents.C.OnlyFranchescabenefitedfromareallygoodsleep.D.OnlyFranchescaappreciatedthefreedomofhavingnophone.42.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.GivingupTextingB.RulesforUsingPhonesC.TwoDayswithNoPhoneD.ProblemsCausedbyTextingCTheDomestication(驯化)ofCatsForcenturies,thecommonviewofhowdomesticationhadoccurredwasthatprehistoricpeople,realizinghowusefulitwouldbetohaveanimalskeptforfood,begancatchingwildanimalsandbreeding(繁殖)them.Overtime,byallowingonlyanimalswith“tame〞〔驯养〕characteristicstoproducetheirbabies,humanbeingscreatedanimalsthatwerelesswildandmoredependentuponpeople.Eventuallythisprocessledtothedomesticfarmanimalsandpetsthatweknowtoday,havinglosttheirancientsurvivalskillsandnaturalabilities.Recentresearchsuggeststhatthisviewofdomesticationisincomplete.Prehistorichumanbeingsdidcatchandbreedusefulwildanimals,butspecialistsinanimalbehaviornowthinkthatdomesticationwasnotsimplysomethingpeopledidtoanimals—theanimalsplayedanactivepartintheprocess.Wolvesandwildhorses,forexample,mayhavetakenthefirststepsintheirowndomesticationbyhangingaroundhumansettlements,feedingonpeople’scropsandgettingusedtohumanactivity.Theanimalswhichwerenottoonervousorfearfultolivenearpeopleproducedtheirbabiesthatalsotoleratedhumans,makingiteasierforpeopletocatchandbreedthem.Inthisversion,peoplesucceededindomesticatingonlyanimalsthathadalreadyadaptedeasilytolifearoundhumans.Domesticationrequiredananimalthatwaswillingtobecomedomestic.Theprocesswasmorelikeadancewithpartnersthanavictoryofhumansoveranimals.Atfirstglance,thetamingofcatsseemstofitnicelyintothisnewstoryofdomestication.AtraditionaltheorysaysthatafterprehistoricpeopleinEgyptinventedagricultureandstartedfarming,ratsandmicegatheredtofeastontheirstoredgrain.Wildcats,inturn,gatheredatthesameplacestohuntandeattheratsandmice.Overtime,catsgotusedtopeopleandpeoplegotusedtocats.Somestudiesofwildcats,however,seemtocallthistheoryintoquestion.Wildcatsdon’tsharehuntingandfeedingareas,andtheydon’tliveclosetopeople.Expertsdonotknowwhetherwildcatswerepartnersintheirowndomestication.Theydoknowthatlongafterpeoplehadacquireddomesticdogs,sheepandhorses,theysomehowacquireddomesticcats.Graduallytheyproducedanimalswithincreasinglytamequalities.43.Whatissuggestedinrecentresearch?A.Animalswerelessafraidthanthought.B.Animalshadanactiveroleintheirdomestication.C.Wolvesandhorseswerethefirsttobedomesticated.D.Domesticationmeantsomethingpeopledidtoanimals.44.Theword“dance〞isusedinParagraph3toshowthat______.A.animalsandhumanswereclose B.controloveranimalswaseasyC.animalswereindependentofhumans D.domesticationwaslikeagame45.Whatprobablyattractedcatstohumansettlements?A.Othercats. B.Warmth. C.Humans. D.Food.46.Whatcausesaproblemforthetheorythatcatsweredomesticatedlikewolveswere?A.Catswerenotfriendlytopeople.B.Catswerenotasfierceaswolves.C.Catshadthecharacteristicofindependence.D.Catsshowedclevernesswhentheywerehunting.DPeerPressurePeoplewhoareatyourage,likeyourclassmates,arecalledpeers.Whentheyinfluenceyouonyourdecisionoraction,it’scalledpeerpressure.Allofus,atsomepointinourlives,havehadtodealwithpeerpressure.Theneedtofollowthecrowdanddowhatmajorityofusaredoingforcesustotakeupactivitieswhichwewouldn’totherwise.Recentstudieshaveshownthatpeerpressuremightcauseanupsidetoyou.Itcanmakeyoureflectonyouractionsandmakechangestoyourwaystobecomeabetterone.Observingothersworkinghardtoreachtheirgoalswilldefinitelyencourageyoutomakeagreatefforttoachievesomethingpositive.Whenateenknowsthathisteammatesarepracticinghardtobecomebetterplayersthenitwilldirectlyaffecthisownperformance.Hewillputintwicethetimeandenergytoraisethelevelofhisgameandensurehehasaplaceontheteam.Havingagroupthatbringspositivepeerpressurecanalsohelpyoupickuphealthyhabitsthatcanshapebothyourpersonalityandyourfuture.Themotivationtodowellbecauseofpressurefromyourpeerscanactuallybecomeinspiration.Forexample,whenachildknowsthatsomeofhisfriendsregularlyreadstorybooks,hemaygetintothehabitofreading.Seeingthathisfriendsexercisedaily,evenhemaytakeupthehabitandadoptitinlife.Justassomeinfluencescanbepositive,somecanbenegativetoo.Peerpressuresometimescanmakeadipinyourself-confidence.Somekidsgiveintopeerpressurebecausetheywanttobeliked,orbecausetheyworrythatothersmightmakefunofthemiftheydon’tgoalongwiththegroup.Othersgoalongbecausetheyarecurioustotrysomethingnew.Theideathat“everyone’sdoingit〞caninfluencethemtoleavetheirbetterjudgmentbehind.Besides,peerpressurecandistanceyoufromyourfamilyandfriends.Itiscommonforteenagerstothinkthatnobodyunderstandsthemandthatthewholeworldisagainstthem.Theinfluenceofpeerpressureissuchthatitdrawsthemcompletelyawayfromtheirfamilyandfriendswhomeanwell.Theyjustshutthemselvesoffandfallintobadcompany.It’slikelythatyou’veexperiencedtheeffectofpeerpressureindifferentareas,rangingfromtheclothesyouweartothemusicyoulistento.Sometimesitcanbehardtoresistandyoumayfeelforcedtodosomethingyou’reuncomfortablewith.Sobeingawareofandcarefullychoosingtheinfluenceofpeersthatwillleadtohealthyandhappyexperiencesisalifelongprocess.47.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2probablymean?A.Aquickreaction. B.Apositiveeffect.C.Aseriouschallenge. D.Apotentialconflict.48.Accordingtotheauthor,peerpressurecangetteenagersto______.A.becomelessself-confidentB.provideamodelforteammatesC.identifycharacteristicsofdifferenthabitsD.improverelationshipwithfamilymembers49.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofpeerpressure?A.Itmakesnodifferencetoteens’judgment.B.Itinfluencesteenstofitintovariouslifestyles.C.Ithelpsteenstorelievetheuncomfortablefeeling.D.Itseemslikeacommonphenomenonamongteens.50.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?A. B.C. D.I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点)C:Conclusion第二节〔共5小题；每题2分，共10分〕根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。LifelongMusiciansHaveBetterHearingPlayingamusicalinstrumentthroughoutyourlifeprotectsyourhearing,aCanadianstudysuggests.Thestudy,whichwaspublishedinPsychologyandAging,carriedouthearingtestson74musiciansand89non-musicians.____51____ActiononHearingLosssaidallpeople—includingmusicians—shouldtrytopreventhearingdamage.____52____Bysixty,10-30%ofpeoplehavesomehearingloss.Byeighty,thatgoesuptoasmanyas60%.Problemsareparticularlyseeninthecentralhearingprocessingsystem,whichisassociatedwithunderstandingspeech,especiallywhenthereisbackgroundnoise.Thenaresearch,byateamattheRotmanResearchInstituteinToronto,lookedathowadultswereaffectedastheyaged.Theychosebothmusiciansandnon-musiciansfromtheageof18to91anddividedthemintodifferentgroupsbasedontheage.Againmusiciansweresignificantlybetteratpickingoutspeechagainstnoiseinalltheageranges.____53____BenjaminZendel,whowaspartoftheresearchteam,said,“Wefoundthatbeingamusicianmaycontributetobetterhearinginoldage,probablyduetomusiciansusingtheirhearingsystemsatahighlevelonaregularbasis.Thisadvantagewidenedconsiderablyformusiciansastheygotolderwhencomparedtosimilar-agednon-musicians.〞Thisstudysuggeststhatmusiciansmightbemoreabletodealwiththeconsequencesofhearingloss.____54____AsDr.RalphHolmesaid,allpeople—includingmusicians—shouldtrytopreventhearingdamageinthefirstplace.It’snecessaryforeveryonewhoplaysamusicalinstrumentorlistenstoloudmusictowearhearingprotection.____55____A.Hearingnormallydeclinesaspeopleage.B.Previousstudiesexplainedthereasonsforhearingloss.C.Thatcaneffectivelyreducetheriskofdamagingtheirhearingpermanently.D.Still,itisfarbettertominimizedamagebyusingappropriateearprotection.E.Theybelievedmusiciansarealsolikelytoexperienceage-relatedhearingproblems.F.Theresearchersconcludedthatlifelongmusicianshipdelaysage-relatedchangesinhearing.G.Itfounda70-year-oldmusician’shearingwasasgoodasthatofa50-year-oldwhodidn’tplay.第三局部：书面表达〔共两节，35分〕 〔15分〕假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班的交换生Jim对中华传统文化感兴趣，准备下学期选修一门相关课程，向你征询建议。请给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：1.推荐一门选修课；2.说明推荐的理由；3.提出学习这门课程的建议。注意：1.词数不少于50；2.邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,_______________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua〔请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内〕第二节〔20分〕假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“ASpecialCelebrationfortheNewYear〞为题，给校刊“英语角〞写一篇英文稿件，介绍元旦期间你参加集邮协会组织的新年邮展活动的完整过程。词数不少于60。ASpecialCelebrationfortheNewYear_______________________________________________________________________________〔请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内〕北京市朝阳区2017-2018学年度第一学期高三年级期末质量检测英语试题答案2018.1第一局部：知识运用〔共两节，45分〕第一节单项填空〔共15小题；每题1分，共15分〕1—5BACBD6—10BCDDA11—15ACBCD第二节完形填空〔共20小题；每题1.5分，共30分〕16—20ABDAC21—25DBDCA26—30BCDBA31—35CBADC第二局部：阅读理解〔共两节，40分〕第一节〔共15小题；每题2分，共30分〕36—40CDABA41—45BCBAD46—50CBADD第二节〔共5小题；每题2分，共10分〕51—55GAFDC第三局部：书面表达〔共两节，35分〕第一节〔15分〕一、评分原则：1．此题总分为15分，按4个档次给分。2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3．评分时应考虑：内容是否完整，条理是否清楚，交际是否得体，语言是否准确。4．拼写、标点符号或书写影响内容表达时，应视其影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可承受。5．词数少于50，从总分中减去1分。二、各档次的给分范围和要求：第一档〔13分－15分〕完全完成了试题规定的任务。·内容完整，条理清楚；·交际得体，表达时充分考虑到了交际的需求；表达出较强的语言运用能力。完全到达了预期的写作目的。第二档〔9分－12分〕根本完成了试题规定的任务。·内容、条理和交际等方面根本符合要求；·所用语法和词汇满足了任务的要求；·语法或用词方面有一些错误，但不影响理解。根本到达了预期的写作目的。第三档〔4分－8分〕未恰当完成试题规定的任务。·内容不完整；·所用词汇有限，语法或用词方面的错误影响了对写作内容的理解。未能清楚地传达信息。第四档〔1分