【创新设计】2021高考英语(江苏专用)大二轮总复习定时训练19

定时训练(19)专题特训(任务型阅读)eq\x(Passage1)Itissaidthattheeyesarethewindowsofoursoul.Beautifulandbrighteyesnotonlyshowagoodhealthbutalsomakeyoulookveryattractive.However，tohavehealthyeyesyouhavetolookafterthemproperly.Youreyesneedeverydayattention.Paymoreattentiontoyourdiet.First，eatfoodthatisgoodforyoureyes.Theyarefreshfruitsandvegetablesaswellasfish，eggs，andmilk.Besides，aregularamountofvitaminsAandB2shouldalsobetaken.Aregularandsoundsleepisamust.Itrelaxestheeyemusclesandgivesthemtherestrequired.Sleepnotonlyhelpseyesbutalsohelpsthebodytorepairitstiredtissues.Usually，youmustsleepforatleastseventoeighthourseveryday.Lossofsleepcangiveyoudarkcirclesundertheeye.Youmustexerciseyoureyeseveryday.Blink(刺眼)youreyesatregularperiods，whichmakestheeyeballswatery，andgivesthemagoodwash.Weuseoureyesinmanyunnoticeableandwrongways.Forexample，ifasmallthinggoesintooureyewestartrubbing(揉)it，whichiswrong.Rubbingcancausedamagetoyoureyes.Don'treadorwriteinpoororbrightsunlight.Alwaysusesunglassesassunlightcancauseeyetiredness.Lightshouldnotshinedirectlyinyoureyes.Toomuchreading，writing，watchingtelevisionorworkingonthecomputercanalsocauseeyetiredness.RemembertoalwaystakecareofGod'smostbeautifulgifttoyou.Yourlifewillbeverycolorlesswithoutyoureyes.TitleEye1.________ThemeThe2.________youkeepyoureyeshealthymattersalot.DietEatingfoodgoodtoyoureyes，3.________asfreshfruits，vegetablesandfoodhighinprotein.TakingaproperamountofVitaminsAandB24.________.SleepHavearegularandsoundsleepisamust.Avoidingsleep5.________．Eye6.________Havingyoureyesexercisedeveryday.Blinkingyoureyesatregularperiods.EyeusingIt's7.________torubyoureyewhensomethinggoesin.Readorwriteinsoft8.________.Lightshouldnevershineinyoureyesina9.________way.Takea10.________fromreading，writing，watchingTVor________thecomputer.答案1.care2.way3.such4.regularly5.loss6.exercising7.wrong8.sunlight9.direct10.break/resteq\x(Passage2)Teamworkisjustasimportantinscienceasitisontheplayingfieldorinthegym.Scientificinvestigations(调查)arealmostalwayscarriedoutbyteamsofpeopleworkingtogether.Ideasareshared，experiencesaredesigned，dataareanalyzed，andresultsareevaluatedandsharedwithotherinvestigators.Groupworkisnecessary，andisusuallymoreproductivethanworkingalone.Severaltimesthroughouttheyearyoumaybeaskedtoworkwithoneormoreofyourclassmates.Whateverthetaskyourgroupisassigned，afewrulesneedtobefollowedtoensureaproductiveandsuccessfulexperience.Whatcomesfirstistokeepanopenmind，becauseeveryone'sideasdeserveconsiderationandeachgroupmembercanmakehisorherowncontribution.Secondly，itmakesajobeasiertodividethegrouptaskamongallgroupmembers.Choosearoleontheteamthatisbestsuitedtoyourparticularstrengths.Thirdly，alwaysworktogether，taketurns，andencourageeachotherbylistening，clarifying，andtrustingoneanother.Mutualsupportandtrustoftenmakeagreatdifference.Activitieslikeinvestigationsaremosteffectivewhendonebysmallgroups.Herearesomemoresuggestionsforeffectiveteamperformanceduringtheseactivities:Makesureeachgroupmemberunderstandsandagreestothetaskgiventohimorher，andeveryoneknowsexactlywhen，whyandwhattodo;taketurnsdoingvarioustasksduringsimilarandrepeatedactivities;beawareofwhereothergroupmembersareandwhattheyaredoingsoastoensuresafety;beresponsibleforyourownlearning，thoughitisbynomeansunwisetocompareyourobservationswiththoseofothergroupmembers.Whenthereisresearchtobedone，dividethetopicintoseveralareas，andthiscanexploretheissueinaverydetailedway.Youareencouragedtokeeprecordsofthesourcesusedeachperson，whichhelpsyoutracebacktotheoriginoftheproblemsthatmayhappenunexpectedly.Aformatforexchanginginformation(e.g.photocopiesofnotes，oraldiscussion，etc.)isalsoimportant，forawell－chosenmethodnotonlystrengthenswhatyoupresentbutalsomakesyourselfeasilyunderstood.Whenthetimecomestomakeadecisionandtakeapositiononanissue，allowforthecontributionsofeachmemberofthegroup.Mostimportantofall，itisalwayswisetomakedecisionsbycompromiseandagreement.Afteryou'vecompletedataskwithyourteam，makeanevaluationoftheteam'seffectiveness—thestrengthsandweaknesses，opportunitiesandchallenges.TitleWorkingTogetherThemeEffectiveperformanceneedshighlycooperated1.________GeneralrulesKeepanopenmindtoeveryone's2.________.Dividethegrouptaskamonggroupmembers.3.________andtrusteachother.4.________Understandandagreetothe5.________taskofone'sown.Taketurnsdoingvarioustasks.Showconcernforotherstoensuresafety.Take6.________forone'sownlearning.Compareyourownobservationswiththoseofothers.ExploreanissueBreakthe7.________intoseveralareas.Keeprecordsofthesourcesjustin8.______．9.________yourinformationwithothersviaproperformat.Makealldecisionsbycompromiseandagreement10.________effectivenessAnalyzethestrengthsandweaknesses.Findouttheopportunitiesandchallenges.答案1.teamwork2.ideas/opinions/views/thoughts3.Support/Encourage/Back4.Suggestions5.given/assigned6.responsibility7.topic/subject/issue8.case9.Exchange/Share10.Evaluateeq\x(Passage3)CommunicationPrinciplesHowyouseeyourselfcanmakeagreatdifferenceinhowyoucommunicate.“Everyindividualexistsinacontinuallychangingworldofexperienceofwhichhe(orshe)isthecenter”．Manycommunicationscholarsandsocialscientistsbelievethatpeopleareproductsofhowotherstreatthemandofthemessagesotherssendthem.Buteverydayweexperiencethecentralityofourselvesincommunication.Astudent，forinstance，maydescribeaconflictwithateacherasunfairtreatment：“Iknowmyteacherdoesn'tlikethefactthatIdon'tagreewithhisopinions.andthat'swhyhegavemesuchapoorgradeinthatclass.”Theteachermightsaytheopposite.Eachpersonmaybelievethatheiscorrectandthattheotherperson'sviewiswrong.Theconceptofserforiginatesincommunication.Throughverbalandnonverbalsymbols，achildlearnstoacceptrolesinresponsetotheexpectationsofothers.Youestablishself－image。Thesortofpersonyoubelieveyouare，byhowothersthinkofyou.Positive，negative，andneutralmessagesthatyoureceivefromothersallplayaroleindeterminingwhoyouare.Communicationitselfisprobablybestunderstoodasadialogueprocess.Ourunderstandingofcommunicationcomesfromourinteractionswithotherpeople.Inamoreobviousmunicationinvolvesothersinthesensethatacompetentcommunicatorconsiderswhattheotherpersonneedsandexpectswhenselectingmessagestoshare.So，thecommunicationbeginswiththeself，asdefinedlargelybyothers，andinvolvesothers，asdefinedlargelybytheself.CommunicationOccursalmosteveryminuteofyourlife.Ifyouarenotcommunicatingwithyourself(thinking，planning，reactingtotheworldaroundyou)，youareobservingothersanddrawinginferencesfromtheirbehavior.Eveniftheotherpersondidnotintendamessageforyou.yougatherobservationsanddrawspecificconclusions.Apersonyawnsandyoubelievethatpersonisboredwithyourmessage.Asecondpersonlooksawayfromyouandyouconcludethatpersonisnotlisteningtoyou.Athirdpersonsmiles(perhapsbecauseofamemoryofajokeheheardrecently)andyoubelievethatheisattractedtoyou.Wearecontinuallypickingupmeaningsfromothers'behaviorsandweareconstantlyprovidingbehaviorsthathavecommunicativevalueforthem.Moreoftenthannot，youmayhavehurtsomeoneaccidentallyandyoumayhavetriedtoexplainthatyoudidnotmeanthat.Youmayhavetoldtheotherpersonthatyouweresorryforyourstatement.Youmayhavemadeajokeoutofyourrudestatement.Nonetheless，yourcommentremainsbothinthemindoftheotherpersonandinyourownmind.Youcannotgobackintimeanderaseyourmessagestoothers.Communicationcannotbereversed(倒退)，norcanitberepeated.Whenyoutriedtore—createtheatmosphere，theconversation，andthesetting，nothingseemedright.Yoursecondexperiencewithasimilarsettingandpersonmadefardifferentresults.ParagraphoutlineSupportingDetailsCommunicationbeginswiththeself●Peoplearesomewhatproductsofothers'treatmentandmessages.●wearealways1.________incommunicationwithothers.Communication2.________others●Experiencesofothershelpchildrenlearntoacceptroles.●Messagesfromothershelpyou3.______whoyouare.●Needsand4________ofothersshouldbeconsidered.Communication5________everywhere●Wearecommunicatingwithourselvesbythinking，planningandreactingtotheoutsideworld.●Wearealways6.________otherpeoplebyobservingeveniftheydonotintendanymessageforyou.●Weareconstantlycollectingmeaningsfromothers'7.________.●Weareconstantly8.________meaningsbywhatwedo.Communicationcannotbereversednorrepeated●Youmayexplainwhatyouhavedone，butyoucannot9.________whatremainsintheotherperson'smind.●Yonmayredotheconversation，butyou10.________achievethesameresults.答案1.self－centred/subjective2.involves3.determine/define/know/understand4.expectations/hopes/desires/wishes5.occurs/happens/exists/arises6.reading/understanding/knowing7.behaviors/acts/action(s)/activities8.conveying/expressing9.erase/remove/delete/change10.can't/cannoteq\x(Passage4)Therateofpopulationgrowthisfastestinunderdevelopedcountries.Inthesecountriesahighbirthrateisaccompaniedbyalowereddeathratethankstoimprovedstandardsofpublichealth.Ideallyitshouldbepossibletocounter(相反地)balancetheeffectofareduceddeathratebyanincreaseduseoffamilyplanning.Inpractice，however，populationcontrolisacomplexmatter.Throughouthistorypeoplehavedeterminedthesizeoftheirfamiliesaccordingtotheculturalvaluesoftheirsocieties.Populationcontrolhaslongbeenasubjectofdiscussionamongresearchers.Somehavearguedthatthesupplyofgoodlandislimited.Inordertofeedalargepopulation，badlandmustbecultivatedandthegoodlandoverworked.Asaresult，eachpersonproduceslessinagivenamountoftimeandthismeansaloweraverageincomethancouldbeobtainedwithasmallerpopulation.Otherresearchershavearguedthatalargepopulationgivesmorerangeforthedevelopmentoffacilitiessuchassports，roadsandrailways，whicharenotlikelytobebuiltunlessthereisabigdemandforthem.Similarly，itcanbearguedthatthepubliccostsofsocietywillnotbesoheavytoeachindividualiftheyaresharedamongthemembersofalargepopulation.Oneofthedifficultiesinputtingbirthcontrolintopracticeliesinthefactthatofficialattitudestopopulationgrowthvaryfromcountrytocountry.Inunderdevelopedcountrieswherealargepopulationispressingharduponthelimitsoffood，spaceandnaturalresources，itwillbethefirstconcernofgovernmenttoplacealimitonthebirthrate.Inawelldevelopedsocietytheproblemmaybemorecomplex.Adecliningbirthratemayleadtounemploymentbecauseitresultsinadecreasingmarket.Citieswithadecliningpopulationmayhavetofacetheprospectofadecreasingtaxbaseandafallinlandvalues.Iftherearefewerchildrengoingtoschool，teachersmaybethrownoutofwork.Whenthepressureofpopulationonhousingdeclines，pricesalsodeclineandthebuildingindustryisweakened.Facedwithconsiderationssuchasthese，thegovernmentofadevelopedcountrymaywellprefertoseeaslowlyincreasingpopulation，ratherthanonethatisstableorindecline.TitlePopulationcontrolThemePopulationcontrolcauses1.________amongresearchersandcountries.AmongresearchersReasonsforpopulationcontrol●Itcan2.________theeffectofareduceddeathrate.●Goodlandislimitedand3.________.●Eachpersonproduceslessinagivenamountoftime.●Alargepopulationleadstoareductionin4.________income.Reasonsagainstpopulationcontrol●Alargepopulationhelpsthedevelopmentoffacilities.●Eachperson5.________lessofthepubliccostsofsociety.AmongcountriesForunderdevelopedcountries，populationcontrolcan●bringless6.________onsuppliesandresources. Fordevelopedcountries，populationcontrolcan●slowdowneconomic7.________.●leadtoa8.________intaxandlandvalues.●makemanypeople9.________.●weakenthebuildingindustry.10.________Considercountriesandculturalvalueswhenintroducingbirthcontroltechniques.答案1.disagreement/argument2.balance3.overworked4.average5.shares/bears6.pressure7.growth/development8.decrease/fall9.unemployed10．Suggestion/Adviceeq\x(Passage5)Preschoolsareusuallyregardedasafunlearningexperiencewherechildrencanpickuptheirbasiclearningskills，whichhelpthemtobebetter，preparedforthelegaleducationahead.Apreschoolisalsoknownaskindergartenornurseryschool，whichprovidesbasiclearningskillsforchildrenbetweentheagesoftwotofive.Preschoolsfocusongettingthechildrentocommunicatebetterwithotherchildrenaswellasadultsaroundthem.Preschool－educationalsofocusesonencouragingchildren'screativityandencouragingthemtoexpresstheirthoughtsandideasthroughspeakinganddrawingaswell.Preschoolsalsousuallyincludesimpleexercisesandoutdoorgamestomakesureofthephysicalfitnessofthechildren.Preschoolsalsohelpdevelopchildren'sbasicmathematicalskills.Inaword，thegoalsofpreschool－educationcanbesummarized(总结)asonepoint—todevelopachild'soverallgrowth.Tomaketheeducationbothcreativeandfun，preschoolscanorganizemanypreschoolgamesandactivities.Forexample，educationalvisitstothezooorotherplacesareanexcellentwayforchildrentolearnaboutdifferenttypesofanimalsandotherextracurricular(课外的)knowledge.Makingchildrenexposedtoeducationalcomputergamesinproperlevelscanbeagreatwaytoimprovethechildren'shand－eyecoordination(协调)andintroducethechildrentothetechnology.What'smore，drawingcanalsohelpindevelopingthechildren'saesthetic(审美)sense，anditisalsoacreativewayofexpressionforthepreschoolers.Kidswouldlovemusicandyoucansingafewwell－knownsongsinclass.Teachparticularactionslikeafewclapsorshoutswiththesong.Thesebodyactionswillhelpthemtodeveloptheirpowersofobservationandmemoryskills.Besidesthis，thereareseveralotheroutdoorandindoorgamesforpreschoolers.Theimportantruletorememberwhiledesigningapreschoolactivityistokeepagoodbalancebetweeneducationalimportanceorlearningvalueandentertainment.Preschoolersneedactivitiesthatmaketheprocessoflearninginteresting.Title:Preschools1.________Kindergartenornurseryschooliswherechildrenbetweentheageoftwotofivecanpickuptheirbasiclearningskillsbeforetheirlegaleducation.2.________ Tomakechildrencommunicatebetterwithotherchildrenandadultsaroundthem.Toencouragechildren'screativity.Toencouragechildrento3.________theirthoughtsandideasbyspeakinganddrawing.To4.________children'sphysicalfitness.Todevelopchildren'sbasicmathematicalskills.5.________ 6.________visitsMakingchildrenlearnextracurricularknowledge.Makingchildren7.________computergamesinproperlevelsImprovingchildren'shand－eyecoordinationandintroducingchildrentothetechnology.DrawingDevelopingthechildren'saesthetic8.________．SingingfromsongswithparticularactionsDevelopingchildren'spowersofobservationandmemoryskills.9.________Keepingagood10.________betweeneducationalimportanceandentertainment.答案1.Definition2.Goals/Aims3.express/voice4.improve5.Games6.Educational7.play8.sense9.Rule10.balanceeq\x(Passage6)Haveyoueverintendedtobefullyabsorbedinyourworkbutfoundyourselfdistracted(走神)bye－mail，theInternetandotherthingsthroughouttheday?“Peopleoftenlosetheirconcentrationwhentheyarebored，ofcourse，butalsowhentheyareengagedinchallengingtasks，”saysPeterBregman.“Theysometimeshaveafeelingtoescapefromwhat'sdifficultorboring，sotheyjumpout，”hesays.Thepartofthebraindevotedtoattentionisconnectedtothebrain'semotionalcenter.Anystrongemotion－quarrelswithcolleagues，problemsathome－caninterruptourattention.Studiesoverthelastdecadehaveshownthattoomuchworktodoatatimecaneasilyleadtodistraction.Refocusingishardformanypeople.RobertEpsteinsuggeststhefollowing，“Stopandlistentomusicforafewminutes.Goforashortwalkortakeadeepbreath，whereyoubreatheindeeply，counttofiveslowly，holditandbreatheoutveryslowly.”Thiscan“blowoutallthetensionandtheunwantedinyourmindtorestoreyourfocus.”Takemorecontrolbystructuringyourtimeandbecomingmoreawareofyourbehaviors.“Settingthephonealarmtogooffeveryhourismywayofcreatingawareness，”Mr.Bregmansays，“Youhavetoinformyourselfthatyou'velostfocusinordertodosomethingaboutit.”Startingthedaywithato－dolistisimportant，suchaswhentoeat，whentogotothegymortakeawalk.Butifit'soverlyambitious，youwillputyourselfinastateofanxiety，whichmakesithardforthebraintoconcentrate.“Choosingthreeorfourthingsasyourpriority(优先)forthedayallowsyourbraintosettledownandfocus，”hesays.TopicHowtobecomemore1.________onthework？2.________ofgettingdistracted▲Peopletendtogetawayfromthingsthatthey're3.________upwith.▲Strong4.________affectthebrain'spartforattention.▲Peoplegetdistractedeasilyif5.________multitasksatatime.6.________ofstrongemotions▲Havinga7.________withacolleague.▲Meetingwithproblemsathome.Tipsonholdingattention▲Stopworkingtorestoreyourfocusby8.________yourbreathandtrydifferentrelaxingthings.▲9.________yourtimeeffectivelyandcreateawarenessofyourbe－haviors.▲Makeato－dolistatthebeginningofaworkingday.▲Focuson3or4thingsandgetthemdone10.________fortheday.答案1.focused/concentrated2.Causes3.fed4.emotions/feelings5.given/offered/assigned6.Examples/Cases/Situations7.quarrel8.regulating/adjusting9．Plan/Schedule/Arrange/Structure10.firsteq\x(Passage7)Customerservicereferstothewaythatcompaniesbehavetowardstheircustomers.It'sthequalityofservicethatdetermineswhetherthecustomerremainswiththecompany.However，manyatimeorganizationsdon'tfocusoncustomerrelationshipmanagement，andthat'swhatmakescustomersangry，whichisoneofthereasonswhycompanieslosetheircustomers.Socustomerserviceisvitalandyoushouldknowhowtoimproveit.Firstofall，youneedtorealizehowimportantthecustomersare.It'stheywhoaretheboss，andit'sbecauseofthemthatyougetyourpaychecks.Sodotakeyourcustomersseriously.Findingouttheneedsofthecustomersisanotherimportantcustomerservicetip.Youneedtoask