2021-2022新教材高中英语Unit1CulturalHeritageDiscoveringUsefulStructures学案新人教版

DiscoveringUsefulStructures

限制性定语从句(3)观察下列课文原句并回答问题1.Thereesatimewhentheoldmustgivewaytothenew,anditisnotpossibletopreserveeverythingfromourpastaswemovetowardsthefuture.2.Waterfromthedamwouldlikelydamageanumberoftemplesanddestroyculturalrelicsthat(which)wereanimportantpartofEgypt’sculturalheritage.3.Afterlisteningtothescientistswho(that)hadstudiedtheproblem,andcitizenswho(that)livednearthedam,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelpin1959.4.Templesandotherculturalsitesweretakendownpiecebypiece,andthenmovedandputbacktogetheragaininaplacewheretheyweresafefromthewater.5.Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuturethat(which)didnotrunovertherelicsofthepast,buttheyhadalsolearntthatitwaspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow.【归纳填空】一、定语从句的概述定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句关系词关系代词who;whom;whose;which;that;as关系副词when;where;why*(2020·浙江高考)Eachplayhasathemeorcentralideawhichtheplaywrighthopestogetacrossthroughdialogueandaction.每一部剧都有一个剧作家希望通过对话和动作传达的主题或中心思想。*Thisisthewomanwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.这是一位名字被整个国家所熟知的女士。*(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Molaiwentlookingonhisownanddiscoveredanearbyislandwherehebegantoplanttrees.Molai自己去看了看,发现了一个附近可以栽树的小岛。先行词与关系词1.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。2.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。3.关系词通常有下列三个作用:(1)引导定语从句;(2)代替先行词;(3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。4.关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语;关系副词在从句中作状语。语法填空。(1)(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotwhereitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.(2)(2019·浙江高考)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloththat/whichgivesofflightinthedark.(3)(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Wearetheproductsofevolution(进化),andnotjustevolutionthat(which)occurredbillionsofyearsago.(4)ThereasonwhyIlearnedtocookwasthatmymothercouldrestaftershefinishedherwork.(5)(2019·江苏高考)Wehaveenteredintoanagewhendreamshavethebestchanceofingtrue.(6)(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Childrenwho(that)playwithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.二、关系代词和关系副词的区别定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的判断方法:用法依据根据从句的谓语动词若是及物动词,后面若无宾语,用关系代词;若是不及物动词,则用关系副词根据关系词在从句中作的成分把关系词放进定语从句中,若作主语或宾语用关系代词;若作状语用关系副词*AnInternetcelebritybumpsintoanapplesellerwho/thatlookslikeacheateronherwaybackhome.(作主语)一个网络名人在回家的路上碰到了一个看起来像骗子的卖苹果的人。*AclassislikeafamilywhereIshouldgetalongwellwithothers.(作状语)一个班级就像一个大家庭,在这个大家庭里我应该与其他人好好相处。关系副词when,where引导的定语从句可以转化为“介词+which”引导的定语从句;而why引导的定语从句可以转换为“forwhich”引导的定语从句。用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空(1)(2020·天津高考)Directedsoundisanewtechnologythat(which)allowspaniestousesoundinmuchthesamewayspotlightsareusedinthetheater.

(2)NextcamethemomentwhenIaskedthemtohaveatrythemselves.(3)(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandswhich(that)becamehissecondhome.

(4)(2020·天津高考)Theyhavetransformedthemselvesintoplaceswhereyoucandevelopyourloveofknowledge.(5)ThereasonwhyIcan’tgoisthatIhadafallyesterdayandinjuredmyfootbadly.(6)(2019·天津高考)Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.

三、介词+关系代词当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,我们通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。关系代词只能用which或whom。先行词指物时,用which;先行词指人时,用whom。在这个结构中,介词的确定原则是:1.依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。*Shedevotesherselftohermonbutusefulwork,onwhichshespendsmorethan9hoursaday.她致力于这项普通但很有用的工作,每天花在这项工作上的时间超过9个小时。*Moreimportantly,thereareteachersonlinetowhomyoucanturnforhelp.更为重要的是,有一些你可以求助的在线老师。2.根据主句与从句之间的逻辑关系判断介词。*OnNewYear’sEve,wewillgooutsidetolightcrackersandfireworks,afterwhichwewillehometomakedumplings.在除夕夜,我们将到外面放烟花爆竹,之后我们回家包水饺。3.表示“整体和部分关系”,介词常用of。与此同时,在介词of之前常用一些代词或数词:some,any,few,none,all,both,neither,most,each,百分数等。*Thereare50studentsinourclass,allofwhomworkhardandbehavewell.我们班有50名学生,我们都学习很努力,并且表现很好。4.根据意思也可用复杂介词,如bymeansof,asaresultof,infrontof,inthebackof等。*IamgoodatspokenEnglish,asaresultofwhichIcanmunicatewithforeignersfluently.我擅长英语口语,因此我能够流利地和外国人交流。5.“the+名词+of+which/whom/of+which/whom+the+名词”引导的定语从句,可与“whose+名词”替换。*We’veplannedtoholdanEnglishdramafestival,thethemeofwhich/ofwhichthethemeisLoveEnglish&LoveDrama.→We’veplannedtoholdanEnglishdramafestival,whosethemeisLoveEnglish&LoveDrama.我们计划举办一个英语戏剧节,它的主题是“爱英语,爱戏剧”。在定语从句中,有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用,如lookafter,lookfor等。Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.(正确)Thebabiesafterwhomthenursesarelookingareveryhealthy.(错误)用适当的“介词+关系代词”填空。(1)ChinesemedicineispartofourChinesetraditionalculture,thevalueofwhichisgraduallyrecognizedbytheworld.

(2)YoushouldmakesomeChinesefriendswithwhomyoucanmunicatefrequently.

(3)Ithasbeenmyidealuniversity,forwhichIhavestudiedhardformanyyears.

(4)Thenwelookedaroundandfoundastick,withwhichwegotthekitedown.

(5)Iplantodomanythings,oneofwhichismakingatriptosomeplacesofinteresttogetherwithmygoodfriends.

四、定语从句中关系词的省略1.定语从句的先行词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系词通常省略。*Whoistheman(that/who/whom)youweretalkingto?刚才和你讲话的人是谁?2.当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时,可以省略。Chinaisnotthecountry(that)itwas.中国已不是过去的中国了。3.先行词是way,reason,time,place等,且它们在定语从句中分别作方式、原因、时间和地点状语时,其后定语从句的相应关系词that/inwhich,why/that,when,where等可以省略。*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Afterawhile,sheapologizedfortheway(that/inwhich)shebehavedatthebeginning.过了一会,她为自己刚开始的行为道歉。*Thereason(why/that)hewantedtosellhishousewasthatheneededalotofmoneyforhisoperation.他想卖掉房子的原因是他的手术需要很多钱。4.由and,but,or等并列连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰同一个先行词时,第一个关系词可以省略,但第二、三个一般不可以省略。*Thebook(which)youarereadingandwhichisreadbymanyyoungpeopleiswrittenbyMarkTwain.你正在读的并且被许多年轻人读的那本书是马克·吐温写的。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.68Chineseculturalrelicsthat/whichhadbeentakentotheUKrecentlywerereturnedtotheirhomeland.2.ThenoneofthespecialistssaidtherewasnoreasonwhyIshouldstoptrainingandpeting.3.Iamoutgoingandactive,forwhichIthinkwecanbegoodfriends.4.Can’ttheyseethisistheonlyplacewheretheycansurvivethestorm?5.Weareallowedtogointothefieldstopickfruitandvegetables,withwhichwearetomakeourlunch.6.Wecanfindfriendstowhomwecantelloursecrets.7.Onlybychangingthewayinwhichwetreattheenvironmentcanwegetalongwellwithit.8.He’llneverforgetthedaywhenhewasadmittedtotheOlympicGamesforthefirsttime.9.Youmentionedlotsofplacesofinterestinmyhometown,mostofwhichI’veneverbeento.Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子1.Doyouknowtheman?Themanspoketotheheadmasterjustnow.→Doyouknowthemanwho/thatspoketotheheadmasterjustnow?

2.Ihaveseenthefilm.They’retalkingaboutthefilm.→Ihaveseenthefilmthat/whichthey’retalkingabout.

3.Thedaycameatlast.Wehavebeenlookingforwardtotheday.→Thedaythat/whichwehavebeenlookingforwardtocameatlast.

4.Mygrandparentsliveinthebiggesthouse.Itismorethan100yearsold.→Mygrandparentsliveinthebiggesthousethatismorethan100yearsold.

5.Wesettleddowninasmallvillage.Infrontofthevillageranawindingriver.→Wesettleddowninasmallvillage,infrontof