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专题02保护生物多样性促进可持续发展备战2022-2023年中考英语阅读理解时文爆点专题训练A(2022·广东深圳·校考三模)TheInternationalDayforBiologicalDiversity(生物多样性日)iscelebratedonMay22.Itsaimistoremindpeopletogetalongwiththenature.Thedaywasfirstcreatedin1993bytheUNanditwasonDecember29th.In2000,theUNchangedittoMay22.ThiswaspartlyinmemoryoftheUNconvention(公约)onMay22,1992.ButitwasalsohardformanycountriestoorganizeeventsonDecember29,becausetherearealreadymanyholidaysinthattimeoftheyear.Everyyear,thecelebrationsofthedayareorganizedonadifferenttopic.Thetopicin2022is“Buildingasharedfutureforalllife”.Themessagebehindisthatbiodiversityiswhatwecandependontobuildabrightfuture.Itisalsotheanswertoseveraldevelopmentchallenges.Biologicaldiversityarenecessaryforourdailylife.Forexample,fishprovide20%ofanimalproteintoabout3billionpeople.Over80%ofthehumandietisprovidedbyplants.Asmanyas70%ofpeoplefromcountrysideindevelopingcountriesdependontraditionalplant-basedmedicinesforbasichealthcare.Whilepeoplestarttoknowthatbiologicaldiversityisvaluable,thenumberofspecies(物种)isdroppingbecauseofhumanactivities.ThatiswhytheUNdecidedtocelebratethedayeveryyear.1.Whatdoes“it”meaninParagraph2?A.TheUN. B.Thebuilding. C.Thedate. D.Theaim.2.Whatcanwelearnfromthetopicof2022?A.Wecanbuildabrightfutureforalllifebysharing.B.Wecanusedifferentanimalstomakeourfuturebright.C.Ifwehavedifficultydeveloping,wemayturntobiodiversity.D.Iftherearefeweranimalsorplants,wewillhaveabrightfuture.3.Howmuchofthehumandietisprovidedbyplants?A.20%. B.70%. C.80%. D.100%.4.Whatisthemainideaofthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Thehistoryoftheday. B.Thecelebrationsoftheday.C.Thecausesofthedeathofanimals. D.Theimportanceofbiologicaldiversity.5.Wherecanwefindthearticle?A.Anaturemagazine. B.Astorybook. C.Aguidebook. D.Acomicbook.B(2022·福建三明·统考模拟预测)BiodiversityConservation(生物多样性保护)inChinaChinahasalwayspaidhighattentiontobiodiversityconservation.Andyearsofeffortshavepaidoff.★ProtectedareasProtectedareasystemSincethefirstnaturereserve(保护区)wassetupin1956,Chinahasdevelopedcloseto10,000protectedareas.That’sabout18%ofChina’stotallandarea.★PopulationsofsomeendangeredanimalsinChinaAnimalPictureNumber(past)Number(now)Crestedibis(朱鹮)only7(1981)about4,400Hainangibbon(海南长臂猿)lessthan10in2groups(1980)between30and40in5groupsAsianelephant(inthewild)lessthan200(1980s)about300Giantpanda(inthewild)1,114(fortyyearsago)1,864★Theeco-environment6.WhendidChinadevelopitsfirstnaturereserve?A.In1956. B.In1980. C.In1981. D.In2021.7.HowmanywildAsianelephantsliveinChinainthe1980s?A.Only7. B.Lessthan10. C.Lessthan200. D.About1,114.8.Whichanimalhasthebiggestnumberofallnow?A.Crestedibis. B.Hainangibbon. C.Asianelephant. D.Giantpanda.9.ThelastpartshowsChinahasseenresultsfromitseffortsin_________.A.protectingwildanimals B.controllingairpollutionC.developingprotectedareas D.recordingweatherconditions10.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Totellpeoplehowtoprotecttheearth.B.Tointroducebiodiversityconservation.C.Tocallforactiononpopulationanddevelopment.D.ToshareChina’sachievementsinbiodiversityconservation.C(2022·广东湛江·校联考二模)TheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinChina.Forofyears,alotofpeoplehavemadetheirlivingalongtheriver.Manyofthemarefishermen.However,sinceJanuary1,2020,Chinahasbeguna10-yearban(禁令)onfishinginconservationareas(保护区)alongtheYangtzeRiver.AndfromJanuary1,2021,fishingisnotallowedinallnaturalwaterwaysoflargelakesconnectedtotheYangtzesuchastheDongtingLakeandPoyangLakefor10years.TheYangtzeRiverusedtohavehighbiodiversity(生物多样性).However,humanactivitiessuchasoverfishingandpollutionhavemadefishfewerandfewerintheriver.Inrecentyears,thenumberoffishcaughteveryyearfromtheYangtzehasfallengreatlyfrommorethan420,000tonsinthe1950stolessthan100,000tons.Fishfromtheriverusedtotakeup60%ofthecountry’stotalfishproduction.Butnowthenumberislessthan0.2%.Sothefishingbanisakeymovetoprotecttheriver’sbiodiversity.Thefishingbanwillaffect(影响)about280,000fishermenalongtheriver.Thegovernmenthastakenactiontohelpthosefishermen.Forexample,itprovidesthemwithmoneyandjobtrainingsothattheycanfindnewwaysofliving.YangZhiming,afishermaninHunanProvince,nowmanagesbusinessatalocalmarket.Yangboughtaplaceatthemarketwith20,000yuanfromthelocalgovernmentyearsago.“Now,the10-yearfishingbanhasstarted.Myfamilydon’thavetoworrytoomuchbecausewecandosomebusinessatthemarket,”hesaid.“TheDongtingLakeishometousfishermen.Westopfishingtoprotectourhome.”11.Toknowwhatthefishingbanis,youcanread________.A.Paragraph2 B.Paragraph3 C.Paragraph4 D.Paragraph512.ThewriterexplainedtheproblemoftheYangtzeRiverinParagraph3by________.A.tellingastory B.listingexperts’opinionsC.comparingnumbers D.describingapersonalexperience13.Becauseofthefishingban,________.A.about20,000fishermenareaffectedB.fewpeoplewilllivealongtheYangtzeRiverC.thegovernmenthastakenactiontohelpthefishermenD.fishingalongtheYangtzeRiverisnoallowedforthenext20years14.WhatdoYangZhimingandhisfamilythinkofthefishingban?A.Theysupportit. B.Theythinkit’sunfair.C.Theythinkit’stoostrict. D.Theydon’tcareaboutit.15.Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwefindthepassage?A.Health. B.Education. C.Science. D.Environment.D(2022·广东惠州·惠州一中校考二模)Today,robotscanbefoundjustabouteverywhere.Sometimestheysimplymakeourliveseasier,suchasrobotcleanersinhotelsorrobotwaitersinrestaurants.Moreimportantly,wedependonrobotstodothingsthatareeitherunsafeorthatwephysicallycannotdo.Infact,twoofthemostimportantplaceswhererobotsarehelpingpeopleareinouroceansandspace.Oceanscover71percentofourplanet,butwe’veonlyexploredabout5percentofit!Becauseoftheoceans’unpleasantenvironment,it’sdifficultforhumanstostudyitslargeparts,sorobotsareavaluabletool.OneofthefirstunderwaterrobotswasAlvin,whichplunged(下降)toadepthof10.7metersinMay1964.Alvincarriedthreepeoplewhooperateroboticarmstocollectsealivesanddirtsothatscientistscouldstudythem.Sincethen,advancementsintechnologyhavemadeourunderwaterexplorationsevengreater.Atthesametime,inspace,robotsarehelpingusexploreourneighboringplanets.Lastyear,Chang’e5lunarrover(探测器)collectedrocksfromthemoon’ssurfaceandbroughtthembacktoearth.Robotsinspacehaveamuchlongerhistorythanthat.Likemanytechnologicaladvancements,it’seasytoforgetjusthowgreataninfluencerobotics(机器人技术)hashadonourlives.However,withoutrobots,weneverwouldhavediscoveredthewondersinourskiesorlearnedabouttherichbiodiversity(生物多样性)lyingjustunderourfeet.16.Theexamplesthewritershowsatthebeginningofthearticletellus______.A.theimportanceofrobots B.robotsareinterestingC.robotsarenotwidelyused D.wedependonrobotstoomuch17.Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2isabout______.A.robots B.ourplanet C.oceans D.thespace18.Accordingtothepassage,Alvinmayhelppeopleto______.A.dropdown10.7metersdeep B.operateroboticarmsC.studythingscollectedfromthesea D.collectlivesanddirtinthesea19.Theword“advancements”inthethirdparagraphmeans______.A.progress B.situation C.danger D.instructions20.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheFutureOceans B.ThePowerfulRobotsC.TheProgressofHumans D.TheRiseofPersonalRobotsE(2022·云南红河·统考一模)Humanssharetheearthwithdifferentkindsofwildlife.Humans,plantsandanimalsareconnectedanddependoneachother.Theyareallimportantpartsoftherichbiodiversity(生物多样性)oftheearth.However,manykindsofplantsoranimalsarebecomingendangeredoverthepastyearsbecauseofclimate(气候)changeandhumanactivities.Humansareoneofthemainreasonsforthis.AccordingtoareportbytheUnitedNationsin2019,theworld’spopulationhasdoubled(from3.7to7.6billion)inthepast50years.Humanshaveusedmorethanonethirdoftheworld’slandand75percentoffreshwater.Besides,somehumanactivitieslikecuttingdownforestsandpollutingriversalsodoharmtotheenvironment.Asaresult,therearefewerhabitats(栖息地)andnaturalresources(资源)availableforanimals,aswellasmorepollution.Todealwiththeproblem,manycountrieshavetakenaction.Asoneofthecountrieswiththerichestbiodiversityintheworld,Chinahastakenanactivepartinbiodiversityprotection.TheChinesegovernmenthasdevelopedlawstoprotectwildlifeandsetupabiodiversitymonitoring(监测)network.Ithasalsobuiltnaturereserves(保护区)withnationalparks.FromJanuary1,2019,thefirstlocallawaboutbiodiversityprotectionwasdevelopedinYunnanprovince.YunnanliesinthemountainsareaofSouthwestChinaanditistheareawiththerichestbiodiversityinChinaanditisalsothemostsuccessfulareainChina’sbiodiversityprotection.Forthisreason,in2021,COP15washeldinKunmingandwasagreatsuccess.BiodiversityprotectionrequireseffortsfromthewholeworldandChinaisnowplayingaleadingroleinprotectingbiodiversity,hopingtobuildagreenhomeforbothhumansandnature.21.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1aboutthebiodiversityoftheearth?A.Humansliveontheearthandowntheearth.B.Thereisnoconnectionbetweenhumans,plantsandanimals.C.Humans,plantsandanimalsareallimportantpartsofbiodiversity.D.Thebiodiversityoftheearthismainlyinfluencedbyclimatechange.22.Whatcausedthefewerhabitatsandnaturalresourcesforanimals?A.Climatechange. B.Shortforfreshwater.C.Environmentpollution. D.Doubledpopulationandhumanactivities.23.WhatdidChinesegovernmentdotoprotectthebiodiversityoftheearthEXCEPT?A.Developlaws. B.Setupmonitoringnetwork.C.Buildnaturereserves. D.Plantreesandsavefreshwater.24.WhywasYunnanchosentoholdCOP15?A.BecauseitliesinthemountainsareaofsouthwestChina.B.Becauseitdevelopedthefirstlocallawaboutbiodiversityprotection.C.BecauseithastherichestbiodiversityinChinaanddoeswellinbiodiversityprotection.D.Becauseithasbuiltnaturereserveswithnationalpark.25.What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Chinaisworkingontheprotectionofbiodiversity.B.Helpsavetheendangeredanimals.C.China’snaturereserveswithnationalparks.D.Humanactivitiesdoharmtothebiodiversityoftheearth.F(2022·江苏常州·校考一模)Wetlands—lakes,rivers,marshesandcoasts,canmaintainbiodiversity(保护生物多样性),controlfloodsandremovepollutants.Theyarealsohelpfultoriceandfishproduction,transportationandsoon.Theyareimportantandnecessaryfeedingandbreedinggroundsformigratorybirds.Theyarethemostthreatenedecosystem(受到威胁的生态系统).WorldWetlandsDaycamefromtheConventiononWetlands(湿地公约)signedinIran,ChinajoinedtheconventiononJuly31,1992.Bytheendof2019,ourcountryhad57wetlandnaturereserveslistedasmajorwetlandsforprotectionundertheconvention,coveringatotalofnearly7millionhectares.______________________,asChinahaswetlandswith65.9millionhectares,10percentoftheworld’swetlandareas,whichcomesfourthintheworld.ChinaalsohassomeofAsia’smostimportantwetlands,suchasPoyangLakeandAsia’slongestriver,YangtzeRiver.However,aWWFresearchshowedChina’swetlandswereseriouslythreatenedbydegradationbecauseofpollution,climatechangeandover-exploitation.Soourgovernmenthasbeentakingactionstoreturnfarmlandtowetlandandremovesomefishfarms.Itwasreportedthe57keyChinesewetlandsincreasedby2,479hectaresfrom2018to2019.LiYan,anofficialfromtheNationalForestryandGrasslandAdministration,saidatanewsconference,“TheareaofwetlandsinChinahasbecomelargeroverthepastfiveyears,growingby202,600hectaresandmakingagreatcontributiontowaterqualityandenvironmentalprotection.Between2016and2020,Chinacreated201nationalwetlandparks.Chinahad899nationalwetlandparksbytheendof2020,andnearlyhalfofthecountry’swetlandsareprotectedbysomelevelofgovernment.”Chinaiscarryingthroughontheconventionforacontinuousdevelopmentandwillmakecontinuingeffortstoperfectthelawsonwetlandprotection.Severalmajorprojectsonwetlandprotectionwillbecarriedoutinsomemajorareas,suchasYangtzeRiverandtheBeijing-Tianjin-Hebeiprovincecluster.26.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitablefortheblank(空格)inParagraph2?A.WorldWetlandsDayiswell-known B.WetlandsinChinaareseriouslythreatenedC.Chinadoesn’thavelargeareasofwetlands D.ProtectionofwetlandsinChinaisveryimportant27.Theunderlinedword“degradation”inParagraph3probablymeans________.A.theprocessofsomethingbeingmadebetterB.theprocessofsomethingbeingmadeworseC.thesituationinwhichsomebodyhaswonalltherespectD.thesituationinwhichsomebodyhaslostalltherespect28.ThewriterlistssomenumbersinParagraph4inorderto________.A.introducehowlargeChina’swetlandsareB.explainhowimportantChina’swetlandsareC.provehowmuchdangerChina’swetlandsarefacingatpresentD.showtheachievementsonwetlandprotectionChinahasreached29.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WetlandsinChinaareFamous B.ChinaMakesLawsonWetlandProtectionC.China’sWetlandsareinDanger D.ChinaMakesProgressonWetlandProtectionG(2022·广东阳江·统考二模)TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestriverinChina.Forthousandsofyears,alotofpeoplehavemadetheirlivingalongtheriver.Manyofthemarefishermen.However,since1stJanuary2020,Chinahasbeguna10-yearban(禁令)onfishinginconservationareas(保护区)alongtheChangjiangRiver.Andfrom1stJanuary2021,fishingisnotallowedinallnaturalwaterwaysoflargelakesconnectedtotheChangjiangsuchastheDongtingLakeandPoyangLakefortenyears.TheChangjiangRiverusedtohavehighbiodiversity(生物多样性).However,humanactivitiessuchasoverfishingandpollutionhavemadefishfewerandfewerintheriver.Inrecentyears,thenumberoffishcaughteveryyearfromtheChangjianghasfallengreatly:frommorethan420,000tonsinthe1950stoles
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