专题07 定语从句（原卷版）

定语从句一．知识解析在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句,叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose等和关系副词when,where,why等。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。关系词作用先行词例句that,who,whom主语、宾语、表语Doyouknowthegirlwho/thathasgotan“A”intheexam?你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗?that,which主语、宾语、表语Shegotacomputerwhich/thatherparentsboughtforher.她有一台电脑,这台电脑是她父母给她买的。whose定语Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard.这个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生。Theroomwhosewindowisopenismine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。when状语IstillrememberthedaywhenyouleftforBeijing.我仍然记得你动身去北京的那一天。where状语Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks.这就是我妈妈工作的那个学校。why状语Couldyouexplainthereasonwhyyouwerelate?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗?1.关系代词的用法一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词及介词的宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。如:Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterapatient.

先行词主语谓语宾语

分析:who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。句意:医生就是照顾病人的人。(1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,定语从句只能用that引导,不能用which引导:①当先行词是等不定代词时。如:Isthereanything(that)youdon’tunderstand?你有什么不懂的地方吗?Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.汤姆把发生的所有事情告诉了他的妈妈。②当先行词前面有修饰时。如:ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.这是我能找到的唯一一本书。③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如:ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.这是我读过的最好的书。④当先行词前面有等修饰时。如:IwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。⑤当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问结构时。如:Whichisthehotelthatyoulikebest?哪个是你最喜欢的旅店?(2)关系代词的省略一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词前时,不能省略。如:I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheclub.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。注意:that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如:Whoistheboythatistalkingwithourteacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁?2.关系副词的用法(1)when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如:IstillremembertheyearwhenyougraduatedfromNo.8MiddleSchool.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。(2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词。如:Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到了。(3)where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。如:ThatistheschoolwhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.那是我三年前就读的学校。题组训练一、选择适当的词填空1.Theboy(who;whom;which)isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.

2.Theonlye-mail(who;that;which)Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.

3.Ihatepeople(that;which;whom)talkmuchbutdolittle.

4.Thehotel(which;that;where)westayedlastsummerisagoodone.

5.CanyouhelpmefindsomeinformationaboutEinstein(which;who;whom)Icanuseformyreport?

6.Thisisthemostamazingphoto(which;that;who)Ihaveeverseen.

随堂练习1.(2019厦门质检,33)Wewillneverforgettheheroeslosttheirliveswhilefightingaforestfire.

A.when B.who C.why2.(2018厦门质检,33)AmazingChinaisadocumentaryshowsChina’sachievementsoverthepastfiveyears.

A.that B.who C.what3.(2019宁德质检,29)TheTVplayAllIsWellshowstheproblemsamongChinesefamilymemberstriggered(引起)heateddiscussion.

A.what B.which C.who4.(2018龙岩质检,35)The“ChineseBridge”competitionisopentocollegestudentswerenotborninChina.

A.which B./ C.who5.(2018宁德质检,30)“Beijing8Minutes”wasshownattheclosingceremonyofthe2018PyeongchangWinterOlympicsusedmoderntechnologytosendwelcometotheworld.

A.whose B.that C.who全国题组1.(2019河南,28)—Doyouknowtheboyoverthere?—Theoneisholdingaball?Oh,that’smyneighborPhil.

A.what B.which C.who D.不填2.(2019福建,33)DuFuguoisaheroisknowntomillionsofChinesepeople.

A.who B.which C.what3.(2019广东,44)Notallchildrenwatchthisvideowillbecomeascientist,butsomemaybecomeinterestedinscience.

A.whom B.which C.who D.whose4.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特,6)Sittingdownafterawalkisrelaxing.Butwouldyouliketositonaseattellsyouyourweight?

A./ B.who C.whom D.that5.(2019湖北黄冈,34)—TomorrowisFather’sDay.What’syoursurpriseforyourfather?—ThefirstthingIwilldoistomakeacardforhim.

A.who B.where C.whose D.that6.(2019湖南长沙,29)Chinaisgettingbetteratmakinghi-techproductscanbeboughtinallpartsoftheworld.

A.who B.which C.what7.(2019贵州贵阳,35)WangYangmingisagreateducationalistdevelopedmostofhisthoughtsinXiuwen.

A.which B.what C.who8.(2018新疆乌鲁木齐,34)TheteacherIlikebestoftenencouragesmemydream.

A.who;fightfor B.that;tofightforC.which;tofightfor D.which;fightfor9.(2018吉林长春,18)Jacklikesbeingwiththeclassmatesareoutgoingandkind.

A.where B.which C.when D.who10.(2018湖北黄冈,33)—Class,youshouldbethankfultothosepeoplehelpedandsupportedyou.

—Wewill,MissChen.A.which B.whom C.who D.whose11.(2017湖北黄冈,38)—HaveyouheardofHanselandGretel?—Yes.Hanselisasmartboyoftencomesupwithagoodidea.

A.who B.whomC.where D.which12.(2017河南,33)Ihatethedogsliveinthenexthouse.Theymakeloudnoisesallnight.

A.who B.that C.what D.whom13.(2017广东,44)Accordingtoasurvey,peopleareabletospeaktwolanguagescanmanagetwothingsatthesametimemoreeasily.

A.which B.whomC.whose D.who14.(2016广西南宁,35)Idon’tlikethepeopledon’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.

A.who B.whichC.whose D.what15.(2016河南,32)The