2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit3Theworldofscience第2课时Usinglanguage课时作业含解析外研版必修第三册

PAGEPAGE1课时作业8Usinglanguageeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ.阅读理解)AWhenamathematicsstudentwasexaminedinthehospital,DrJohnLorberdiscoveredthathehadalmostnobrainatall.Normally,theconditionisquitesevereinthefirstmonthsofbabyhood.Evenwhensomeonesurvives,heorsheisusuallyseriouslydisabled.Somehow,though,thestudenthadlivedaperfectlynormallifeandwentontogainadegreeinmathematics.Thiscaseisbynomeansasrareasitseems.Lorberhasidentified(确认)severalhundredpeoplewhohaveverysmallbrainsbutwhoappeartobenormallyintelligentpeople.Hedescribessomeofthemashaving“nodetectablebrain”，yettheyhavescoredupto120inIQtests.Nooneknowshowpeoplewith“nodetectablebrain”areabletofunctionatall,letalonegraduateinmathematics.Onesuggestionistheoldideathatweonlyuseasmallpercentageofourbrainsanyway—perhapsaslittleas10percent.Butmorerecentresearchshowsthisideaisamisunderstandingdatingfromresearchinthe1930sinwhichthefunctionsoflargeareasofthebraincouldnotbedeterminedandwerenamed“silent”，whileinfacttheyarelinkedwithimportantfunctionslikespeechandabstractthinking.TheotherinterestingthingaboutLorber'sfindingsisthattheyremindusofthesecretofmemory.Atfirstitwasthoughtthatthereisapartinthebrainformemory,likethememorychipsinaPC.Butfurtherresearchofthebrainhasturnedupthesurprisingfactthatmemorydoesnotdependonanyparticularareainthebrain.Asonescientistputit,“Memoryiseverywhereinthebrainandnowhere.”Butifthebrainisnotaplaceforclassifyingandstoringexperiencesandanalyzingthemtoenableustoliveourlives,thenwhatonearthisthebrainfor？Andwhereistheseatofhumanintelligence?Whereisthemind?本文是一篇科普类说明文。作者从一个“无脑人”案例入手，分析了人类大脑的功能问题。1．Whatwillusuallyhappentoaveryyoungbabywithoutbrain?A．Itwilldie.B．Itwillsurvive.C．Itwillbeintelligent.D．Itwillbecomedisabled.答案：A解析：推理推断题。依据第一段中的其次句和第三句可知，通常状况下，在诞生的前几个月里，这种状况(无脑)是特别严峻的，有人即使存活下来，通常也会有严峻的残疾。由此可知，这种状况对婴儿来说死亡率很高，故选A项。2．Whatisthenewfindingofthefunctionsofthebrain?A．Muchofthebrainisuseful.B．Thebrainisinfactofnouse.C．Thebraindeterminesone'sIQ.D．Onlyasmallpartofthebrainisused.答案：A解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的其次句可知，旧的观点是我们仅仅用了大脑很小的一部分，但下文对这一观点进行了否定。“Butmorerecentresearchshowsthisideaisamisunderstanding...abstractthinking.”即这种旧观点是一种误会。由此可知，我们并非只运用大脑中很小的一部分，而是大脑的大部分区域都跟重要的功能相关联，都是有用的，故选A项。3．Whatdoweknowabouttheexistenceofmemory?A．Weuseallofourbrain.B．Wehavememorychips.C．Wearefullyawareofit.D．Wearestillconfusedaboutit.答案：D解析：推理推断题。依据题干中的关键词memory定位到最终两段。作者在指出关于人类记忆的两种迥然不同的观点之后，连续提出了三个疑问，因此可知我们对于记忆的存在依旧是很困惑的，故选D项。BFuturologists(将来学家)predictthatlifewillprobablybeverydifferentin2050inallthefieldsofactivity,fromentertainmenttotechnology.Firstofall,itseemsthatTVchannelswillhavedisappearedby2050.Instead,peoplewillchooseaprogrammefroma“menu”(菜单)andacomputerwillsendtheprogrammedirectlytothetelevision.Today,wecanusetheWorldWideWebtoreadnewspaperstoriesandseepicturesonacomputerthousandsofkilometersaway.By2050,music,films,programmes,newspapersandbookswillcometousbycomputer.Wewillalsobeabletosee,smellandtouchthethingsthatweseeontelevision.Intransport,carswillrunonnew,clean“gas”andtheywillgoveryfast.Carswillhavecomputerstocontrolthespeedofthecarandtherewon'tbeanyaccidents.Today,manycarshavecomputersthattelldriversexactlywheretheyare.By2050,thecomputerwillcontrolthecaranddriveittowhereyouwanttogo.SpaceplaneswillflyallovertheworldandpeoplewillflyfromLosAngelestoTokyoinjusttwohours.Intechnology,robotswillhavereplacedpeopleinfactories.Manyfactoriesalreadyuserobots.Bigcompaniespreferrobots—theydonotaskforpayrisesorgoonstrike,andtheywork24hoursaday.By2050,wewillseerobotseverywhere—infactories,schools,offices,hospitals,shopsandhomes.Lastbutnotleast,medicinetechnologywillhaveconqueredmanydiseases.By2050,wewillbeabletohelpblindanddeafpeopleseeagainandhearagain.Scientistswillbeabletoproduceclonesofpeopleanddecidehowtheylook,howtheybehaveandhowmuchintelligencetheyhave.本文是一篇说明文。文章从消遣、交通、机器人、医药学等角度对2050年时人类生活的改变进行了展望。4．WhatisNOTtrueabouttelevisionby2050accordingtothispassage?A．Onewillbeabletosmellthefoodontelevision.B．Onecanhaveatryofthefoodyouseeontelevision.C．Therewillbenochannelsforustochooseprogrammes.D．Televisionswillbecompletelycontrolledbycomputers.答案：B解析：细微环节理解题。第一段最终一句提及将来人们可以看、闻、触摸电视上的东西，但没有提及可以品尝。故B项表述与文章不符。5．Whatcanbethedevelopmentoftransportthatbenefitspeoplemostby2050?A．Carswillgoataveryhighspeedontheirown.B．Spaceplaneswillflyallovertheworldinashorttime.C．Therewillbelesspollutionandnocaraccidents.D．Computerswilltellpeoplewheretheyaregoing.答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。其次段前两句提及“clean‘gas’”与“therewon'tbeanyaccidents”，因此C项正确。6．Itcanbeimpliedinthepassagethatby2050________.A．peoplewilllivemorehealthilyandlongerB．computerwillcontrolthespeedofcarsC．peoplecanreadnewspapersthroughacomputerD．therewillbenopeopleworkinginfactories答案：A解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“medicinetechnologywillhaveconqueredmanydiseases”推断，将来人们会更健康、更长寿。7．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardspeople'slifeinfuture?A．Doubtful. B．Sad.C．Happy. D．Worried.答案：C解析：观点看法题。作者在叙述将来生活各个领域的改变时，赐予了主动评价，如clean,injusttwohours,prefer,conquer等词汇的应用，体现了作者主动乐观的看法。因此选C。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ.七选五)依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Itissometimespossibletofixawater­damagedcellphone.__1__.Thelongeryouwait,themorelikelythephoneisunrepairable.Assoonasyounoticeyourphonehasdroppedintowater,youshouldtakeaclothtowipeitoff.Additionally,youshouldtakeouttheSIMcardandbattery.__2__.Ifyouputyourwater­damagedcellphonebacktogetheranditwon'tturnon,itislikelythatsomewaterhasgottendowninsidethephone.__3__.YoucanremovethebatteryandSIMcardfromthephoneonceagainandplaceallthreecomponentsintoabowlfilledwithrice.Thismayworkbecausericeisveryabsorbent.__4__.Ifthericemethodeitherdidnotwork,youcantakethephoneapartandlayallitspiecesoutsideindirectsunlightforseveralhours.Theheatfromthesunmaycompletelydryouttheinsideandoutsideofthephoneanditsparts.Ifitisrainingorthesunisnotout,youcanuseablowdryeronlowheattogetthesameresults.Ifallofyourattemptsatrepairingyourphoneareunsuccessful,youwilllikelyhavenochoicebuttotakeittoyourcellphoneproviderortoaplacethatrepairscellphonestogetitfixed.Unlessyourphoneisveryvaluable,thecostofrepairingthephonemightbehigherthanwhatyoupaidforit.__5__.Itmaybebeneficialtomeanwhilepurchaseinsurancefromyourcellphoneprovider.A．Ifso,youhavetothrowitB．YoucouldalsouseheattofixitC．Fixingitdoesn'talwaysendupwithsuccessD．RepairingitassoonaspossiblemaybegreaterE．ThenyoumightbebetteroffbuyinganewoneF．Whenthishappens,youcanstillrepairitusingrice,thoughG．Placethemontoapapertowelsothewatercancompletelydrain本文属于说明文，介绍了四种修理被水损坏了的手机的简洁易行的方法。1．D解析：依据空后Thelongeryouwait,themorelikelythephoneisunrepairable可知，D项提出尽快修理它可能更好，为下文“你等待的时间越长，手机就越有可能无法修复。”做铺垫，故选D。2．G解析：依据空前Additionally,youshouldtakeouttheSIMcardandbattery可知，G项提出“把它们放在纸巾上，这样水就能完全排干”是前文动作的目的，符合语境，故选G。3．F解析：依据空前Ifyouputyourwater­damagedcellphonebacktogetheranditwon'tturnon,itislikelythatsomewaterhasgottendowninsidethephone.可知，假如你把被水损坏的手机组装好，但它仍不能开机，很可能是手机内部进水了，再依据后句的rice可知F项提出“但是，当这种状况发生时，你仍旧可以运用大米进行修复。”符合语境，故选F。4．B解析：本空是一个主题句。本段主要是介绍通过光照和运用吹风机对被水损坏的手机进行修理，所以B项“你也可以用热来修理它”符合本段主旨，故选B。5．E解析：依据空前Unlessyourphoneisveryvaluable,thecostofrepairingthephonemightbehigherthanwhatyoupaidforit.可知，除非你的手机很值钱，否则修理手机的费用可能会比你买手机花的钱还多，E项“那你最好买个新的”是前文的结果，符合语境，故选E。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ.读后续写)阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Onetime,theteachersataschoolwantedtoteachthestudentsaboutairplanes.Whileallairplanescanfly,someareabletoflyfartherthanothers.Thisisbecausenotallairplanesarebuiltthesame.Forexample,afighterplanelooksverydifferentfromaplanethatpeopleflyinwhentheywanttogoonaholiday.Theteacherswonderedhowtheycouldmakestudentsunderstandthis.Then,thescienceteacher,MrMoose,decidedthattheschoolshouldhaveapaperairplanecontest.Everystudentwoulddesignapaperairplane.Theywouldstandinalineintheplaygroundbehindtheschool.Thestudentswouldtaketurnsthrowingtheirairplanes.Thestudentwhoseairplanewentthefarthestwouldwin.WhenMrMooseannouncedthepaperairplanecontesttothestudents,theywereveryexcited.AstudentnamedPaul,whowasontheschoolsportsteam,saidtoeveryoneelsethathisairplanewouldwin.“Iamthestrongest，”Paulsaid.“SoIwillbeabletothrowmyairplanethefarthest.”However,whilePaulwassayingthis,anotherstudent,Brian,wasthinkinghowhecouldwin.Briandidnotplayanysportsandwasnotverystrong.Buthelovedairplanesandreallywantedtowinthecontest.Brianrealizedwhathehadtodo.Hewenttothestoreandboughtabigstack(叠)ofpaper.Whenhegothome,hetookthepaperintohisbackyard.Hetookapieceofpaperandfoldedanairplane.Itdidn'tgoveryfar,soBriantookanotherpieceandfoldedanotherairplaneandthrewit.Thisairplanewentalittlefarther.Briankeptfoldingdifferentkindsofairplanesandthrowingthem.Somewentveryfarandsomedidnot.Finally,whenBrianhad