建筑结60课件讲解

建筑结构ArchitecturalStructures板的构造要求ConstructionRequirementsforPlates3.2梁、板构件设计DesignofBeamandPlateElements目录

CONTENTS板的截面形式及尺寸Cross-sectionalFormsandDimensionsofPlates1板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates2混凝土保护层厚度ThicknessofConcreteCover3截面有效高度EffectiveHeightofSection4板的截面形式及尺寸Cross-sectionalFormsandDimensionsofPlatesPARTONE板的截面形式及尺寸Cross-sectionalFormsandDimensionsofPlates槽形Trough-shaped矩形板Rectangular空心形Hollowshapes往往用在预制的结构中Oftenusedinprefabricatedstructures承载力Load-bearingcapacity刚度Stiffness裂缝控制Crackcontrol施工Construction板的截面形式及尺寸Cross-sectionalFormsandDimensionsofPlates现浇板厚度取10mm的倍数。Cast-in-placeplatethicknessesaremultiplesof10mm.工程中常用厚度为60、70、80、100和120mm。Inengineeringprojects,commonlyusedthicknessesare60,70,80,100,and120millimeters.板的截面形式及尺寸Cross-sectionalFormsandDimensionsofPlates板的类别CategoryofPlate高跨比h/l0Height-to-SpanRatioh/l0最小厚度Minimum

Thickness单向板UnidirectionalPlate屋面板、民用建筑楼板RoofPlate,FloorPlateforCivilBuildings1/35~1/4060工业建筑楼板IndustrialBuildingFloorPlate70行车道下的楼板FloorPlateBeneathTrafficLane80双向板Two-WayPlate1/45~1/5080悬臂板CantileverPlate板的悬臂长度≤500mmCantileverLengthofthePlate≤500mm1/10~1/1260板的悬臂长度1200mmCantileverLengthofthePlate:1200mm100无梁楼板BeamlessFloor150现浇钢筋混凝土板最小厚度

Minimumthicknessforcast-in-situreinforcedconcreteplates板的截面形式及尺寸Cross-sectionalFormsandDimensionsofPlates对于现浇民用建筑楼板，当板厚与计算跨度之比下列规定时，可认为板的刚度满足要求，不必进行挠度验算。Forcast-in-situfloorplatesincivilbuildings,whentheratiooftheplatethicknesstothecalculatedspansatisfiesthefollowingprovisions,therigidityoftheplatecanbeconsideredadequatewithoutnecessitatingdeflectioncalculations.板的截面形式及尺寸Cross-sectionalFormsandDimensionsofPlates单向板：不大于l0/30UnidirectionalPlate:Notexceedingl0/30双向板：不大于l0/40Two-WayPlate:Notexceedingl0/40无梁支撑的有柱帽板：不大于l0/35ColumnCapPlateWithoutBeams:Notexceedingl0/35悬臂板：l0/12CantileverPlate:l0/12板的截面形式及尺寸Cross-sectionalFormsandDimensionsofPlates板的配筋ReinforcementforPlatesPARTTWO板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates分布钢筋Distributionreinforcement受力钢筋Tensionreinforcement受力钢筋Tensionreinforcement承担由弯矩产生的拉应力，沿板跨设置在受拉区。Locatedinthetensionregionalongthespanoftheplate,designedtobeartensilestressesresultingfrommoments.板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates与受力钢筋垂直，放置在受力钢筋内侧。Placedperpendiculartothetensionreinforcement,insidethetensionreinforcement.分布钢筋Distributionreinforcement板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates双向板板底两个方向均为受力筋。Bothdirectionsatthebottomoftheplateconsistoftensionreinforcement.受力钢筋Tensionreinforcement板面上承受负弯矩的负筋也是受力筋。Thenegativereinforcementontheplatesurfacethatbearsnegativemomentsisalsotensionreinforcement.板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates受力钢筋Tensionreinforcement直径：通常为6~12mm。Diameter:Usuallyrangesfrom6to12millimeters.板厚较大：14~18mm。Forthickerplates:14to18millimeters.通常受力钢筋直径不宜小于8mm，避免踩踏至底。Usually,thediameteroftensionreinforcementshouldnotbelessthan8mmtopreventexcessivethinning.板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates受力钢筋Tensionreinforcement板中受力钢筋间距：70~200mm。Spacingoftensionreinforcementintheplate:70to200millimeters.板厚h≤150mm：不宜大于200mm。Forplatethicknessh≤150mm:itisnotadvisabletoexceed200mm.h＞150mm：不宜大于1.5h，且不宜大于250mm。Whenh>150mm:itisnotrecommendedtoexceed1.5timesh,andalsonottoexceed250mm.板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates分布钢筋Distributionreinforcement布置在受力钢筋内侧，与受力钢筋垂直。Arrangedontheinnersideofthetensionreinforcement,perpendiculartoit.分布钢筋Distributionreinforcement板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates分布钢筋Distributionreinforcement将板上荷载均匀传递给受力钢筋，固定受力钢筋位置，与受力钢筋一起形成钢筋网片。Distributetheloadontheplateevenlytothetensionreinforcement,securethepositionofthetensionreinforcement,andformasteelmeshtogetherwiththetensionreinforcement.分布钢筋Distributionreinforcement作用Function板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates分布钢筋Distributionreinforcement抵抗混凝土收缩和温度变化所产生的拉应力。Resisttensilestressescausedbyconcreteshrinkageandtemperaturechanges.分布钢筋Distributionreinforcement作用Function板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates分布钢筋Distributionreinforcement面积：≮15%As，且≮0.15%bhArea:Notlessthan15%ofAs,andnotlessthan0.15%ofbh分布钢筋Distributionreinforcement构造配置Constructionrequirements直径：≮6mmDiameter:≮6mm间距：≯250mmSpacing:≯250mm板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates分布钢筋Distributionreinforcement当有较大集中荷载或者温度、收缩应力较大区域，分布钢筋可加大配置。Inareaswithsignificantconcentratedloadsorhightemperature/shrinkagestresses,distributionreinforcementcanbeincreasedaccordingly.分布钢筋Distributionreinforcement构造配置Constructionrequirements板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates保护钢筋免遭锈蚀Toprotectthereinforcementfromcorrosion减小混凝土碳化Reduceconcretecarbonation保证钢筋与混凝土间有足够的黏结强度Ensuresufficientbondstrengthbetweenreinforcementandconcrete提高混凝土结构的耐火、耐久性Improvethefireresistanceanddurabilityofconcretestructures受力钢筋表面必须有足够厚度的混凝土保护层Thesurfaceofthetensionreinforcementmusthaveasufficientthicknessofconcretecover板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates混凝土保护层厚度ThicknessofConcreteCoverPARTTHREE混凝土保护层厚度ThicknessofConcreteCover混凝土保护层厚度：最外层钢筋外边缘至混凝土表面的距离，小写c表示。Concretecoverthickness:Thedistancefromtheouteredgeoftheoutermostreinforcingbartotheconcretesurface,representedbylowercase'c’.最外层钢筋：主要指箍筋、构造筋、分布筋等。Outermostreinforcingbars:Primarilyreferringtostirrups,constructionbars,anddistributionbars,amongothers.梁最外层钢筋是箍筋Theoutermostreinforcingbarsinabeamarethestirrups柱最外层钢筋是箍筋Theoutermostreinforcingbarsaroundacolumnarethestirrups塑料定位卡：为留混凝土保护层所设PlasticPositioningSpacers:Designedformaintainingconcretecover混凝土保护层厚度ThicknessofConcreteCover墙最外层钢筋是水平分布筋Theoutermostreinforcementinwallsisthehorizontaldistributionreinforcement板最外层钢筋是受力筋Theoutermostreinforcingbarsinaplatearethetensionreinforcement墙体和板底保护层均用砂浆垫块做成Bothwallandbottomofplateprotectivelayersareconstructedusingmortarspacers混凝土保护层厚度ThicknessofConcreteCover混凝土保护层过小Theconcretecoveristoosmall露筋Exposedreinforcement混凝土保护层偏大Theconcretecoveristoolarge影响构件有效截面Affectstheeffectivecross-sectionofthemember承载力变小Reducesthebearingcapacity直接影响结构质量和安全Directlyimpactsstructuralqualityandsafety混凝土保护层厚度ThicknessofConcreteCover环境类别EnvironmentCategory板、墙Plate,Wall梁、柱、杆Beam,Column,Rod一One1520二aTwoa2025二bTwob2535三aThreea3040三bThreeb4050混凝土保护层厚度ThicknessofConcreteCover构件中受力钢筋保护层厚度应不小于钢筋的公称直径。Theprotectivelayerthicknessfortensionreinforcementinstructuralmembersshouldnotbelessthanthenominaldiameterofthereinforcement.设计使用年限100年混凝土结构，一类，其厚度不应小于表中数值1.4倍；二、三类，专门措施。For100-yeardesignlifeconcretestructuresinClass1environment,thethicknessshouldnotbelessthan1.4timesthevalueslistedinthetable;forClasses2and3,specialmeasuresapply.混凝土保护层厚度ThicknessofConcreteCover当混凝土强度等级小于C25时，表中保护层厚度数值应增加5mm。WhentheconcretestrengthgradeislessthanC25,theprotectivelayerthicknessvaluesinthetableshouldbeincreasedby5mm.基础底面钢筋的保护层厚度，有混凝土垫层是应从垫层顶面算起，且不小于40mm。Fortheprotectivelayerthicknessofreinforcementatthebaseofthefoundation,whenthereisaconcretecushionlayer,itshouldbemeasuredfromthetopsurfaceofthecushionlayerandshouldnotbelessthan40mm.混凝土保护层厚度ThicknessofConcreteCover环境类别

EnvironmentCategory条件

Condition一室内干燥环境

IndoorDryEnvironment无侵蚀性静水浸没环境

Non-ErosiveImmersedStaticWaterEnvironment二a室内潮湿环境

IndoorHumidEnvironment非严寒和非寒冷地区的露天环境

OutdoorEnvironmentinNon-SevereColdandNon-ColdRegions非严寒和非寒冷地区与无侵蚀性的水或土壤直接接触的环境

EnvironmentinNon-SevereColdandNon-ColdRegionswithDirectContacttoNon-ErosiveWaterorSoil严寒和寒冷地区的冰冻线以下与无侵蚀性的水或土壤直接接触的环境

EnvironmentBelowtheFrostLineinSevereColdandColdRegionswithDirectContacttoNon-ErosiveWaterorSoil二b干湿交替环境

Dry-WetAlternatingEnvironment水位频繁变动环境

EnvironmentwithFrequentWaterLevelFluctuations严寒和寒冷地区的露天环境

OutdoorEnvironmentinSevereColdandColdRegions严寒和寒冷地区冰冻线以上与无侵蚀性的水或土壤直接接触的环境

EnvironmentAbovetheFrostLineinSevereColdandColdRegionswithDirectContacttoNon-ErosiveWaterorSoil三a严寒和寒冷地区冬季水位变动区环境

WinterWaterLevelFluctuationZonesinSevereColdandColdRegions受除冰盐环境影响

SubjecttoDeicingSaltEnvironmentInfluence海风环境

MarineWindEnvironment三b盐渍土环境

SalineSoilEnvironment受除冰盐作用环境

EnvironmentSubjecttoDeicingSaltAction海岸环境

CoastalEnvironment四海水环境

MarineEnvironment五受人为或自然的侵蚀性物质影响的环境

EnvironmentAffectedbyErosiveSubstancesofHumanorNaturalOrigin混凝土保护层厚度ThicknessofConcreteCover截面的有效高度EffectiveHeightofSectionPARTFOUR截面的有效高度EffectiveHeightofSection截面有效高度h0：受拉钢筋的重心至混凝土受压边缘的垂直距离。Effectiveheightofthecross-section,h0:Theverticaldistancefromthe