人教版高考英语一轮复习讲义必修二　Unit3Computers

第一部分必修二Unit3puters1.通过本单元的学习，了解计算机的发展历程及其在当今社会的广泛应用。2.用英语表达自己的观点并进行简单的理由阐述和做出决定。Wearefacedwithuniversaltechnologicalrevolution.Wearesurroundedbyputers.Weusecalculatortosolvemathsquestion,whichmakescalculatingeasier.Withthehelpofputers,wecandealwithelectronicmailsandexploretheworld.AI(artificialintelligence)hassimplifiedourlifeinaway.Inreality,almosteveryyoungpersonhasamobilephone.Thetotalsumisamazing.TheyuseitsurfontheInternet.Personally,weshoulduseourphoneslogically.Asaresult,ourfinancedevelopmentriseslikearocket.Theappearanceofputersischangingpeople'scharacter.Someyoungchildrensuchasmyniecehavebeennaughtier.Parentshavetofindwaystowatchthemover.Anyhow，ourgoalistogoafterhappiness.Theapplicationofputerssignalstheprogressofhumanrace.1.solvevt.解决；解答2.asaresult结果3.anyhowadv.(也作anyway)无论如何；即使如此4.signalvi.&vt.发信号n．信号5.inaway在某种程度上6.withthehelpof在……的帮助下7.dealwith处理；安排；对付8.watchover看守；监视1.我们用计算器计算数学题，这些计算器让我们的计算变得更加简单。Weusecalculatorstosolvemathsquestion,whichmakescalculatingeasier.2.在计算机的帮助下，我们可以处理电子邮件，也可以探索世界。Withthehelpofputers，wecandealwithelectronicmailsandexploretheworld.3.就我个人而言，我们应该合理使用。Personally,weshoulduseourphoneslogically.★calculatevt.计算★simplifyvt.简化★sumn．总数；算术题；金额★revolutionn．革命★artificialadj.人造的；假的★intelligencen．智力；聪明；智能★personaladj.私人的；个人的；亲自的★tuben．管；管子；电子管★totaladj.总的；整个的n．总数；合计★applicationn．应用；用途；申请★financen．金融；财经★mobileadj.可移动的；机动的★rocketn．火箭★goaln．目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分★happinessn．幸福；快乐★humanrace人类★explorevt.&vi.探索；探测；探究★typen．类型vt.&vi.打字★coachn．教练★arisevi.(arose,arisen)出现；发生★electronicadj.电子的★appearancen．外观；外貌；出现★charactern．性格；特点★mopn．拖把vt.用拖把拖；擦★naughtyadj.顽皮的；淘气的★niecen．侄女；外甥女★universaladj.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的★operatorn．(电脑)操作员；接线员★logicallyadv.逻辑上；合逻辑地★technologicaladj.科技的★intelligentadj.智能的；聪明的★realityn．真实；事实；现实一、重点单词需牢记1.solvevt.解决；解答Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblembeforewecansolveit.在解决问题之前我们需要探明问题的根源所在。solveproblem/question解决问题solutionn．解决；解答，解决办法find/offer/seek/workoutasolution找到/提出/寻找/得出解决的方法makeasolutionof制造……溶液reachasolution得到解决Thesolutiontotheproblemrequiredmanyhours.解决这个问题需要好几个小时。2.anyhowadv.无论如何；即使如此Itmayrain,butanyhow/anywayIshallgoout.天可能要下雨，但无论如何我都要出门。anyhow可以与anyway互换，且后者更常用辨析anyhow，somehow与somewhatanyhow意为“无论如何”，相当于anyway/atanyrate；somehow意为“以某种方式”或“由于某种原因”；somewhat意为“从某种意义上讲；有几分”。Idon'tknowifitwaslostorstolen;anyhow/anyway,it'sgone.我不知道它是丢了还是被偷了，不管怎么说，它没了。Hecouldhavefinisheditonschedule,butsomehowhefellbehind.他本能按预定进度做完这件事，但不知怎么落后了。Iamsomewhattiredofthisbook.我对这本书有点厌烦。3.signalvi.&vt.发信号n．信号Shesignaledthatshewasabouttoturnleft.她打信号灯表示她就要转到左面去了。Wepickedupsignalsforhelpfromtheburningplane.我们接收到那架着火的飞机发出的求救信号。IfyoucalledmyofficeSaturdaymorning,youwouldhavegottenabusysignal.你要是周六早上给我办公室打，你就能听到占线的声音。signalwith...用……发信号signaltosb./sth.forsth.用信号传达(某信息)give/makeasignal发信号putup/sendasignal发信号4.arisevi.(arose,arisen)出现；发生arisefrom/outof产生于，起因于arise，rise与raisearise主要表示“出现，发生，呈现”等含义。主语一般为抽象名词，如problem，trouble，quarrel，misunderstanding，difficulty等。rise是不及物动词，常指的是太阳、月亮、星星的升起，也有“出现；上涨”之意。raise是一个及物动词，意为“升起(旗帜)；提高；饲养”。二、重点短语需精通1.asaresult结果Hemadeabigmistake,and,asaresult,losthisjob.＝Hemadeabigmistake.Asaresult,helosthisjob.他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。asaresult是副词短语，单独使用，表示“结果；因此”；asa/theresultof在句中特指引起某种结果的原因时，用定冠词代替不定冠词。resultfrom由……引起；由于(意思等同于liein)resultin结果；导致(意思等同于leadto)2.inaway在某种程度上InawayIcanseewhatyoumean,eventhoughIdon'tshareyourpointofview.尽管我跟你的看法不一样，但在一定程度上我是能理解你的意思的。alltheway一路上，一直；完全bytheway顺便地，附带说说bywayof路经，途经noway不行，绝不3.dealwith处理；安排；对付；论述；涉及Youhavedealtwiththesubjectontherightlines,butyouressayislackingindetail.你处理这一课题的原则是对的，但文章缺乏细节。Beingprepared,weshallbeabletodealproperlywithallkindsofplicatedsituations.有了准备，我们才能恰当地应付各种复杂的局面。(2)句型转换Idon'tknowwhattheydowiththeproblem.＝Idon'tknowhowthey__deal__with__theproblem.Thereisnospacetodealwithsuchdetailsinthearticle.这篇文章没有篇幅来论述这样的细节。(1)dowith表示“处置”“忍受”“相处”“有关”等。dowith常与连接代词what连用；(2)dealwith常与连接副词how连用。4.watchover看守；监视Couldyouwatch(over)myclotheswhileIhaveaswim?我游泳时你能帮我看着我的衣服吗？watchout(for)当心，注意watchforsb./sth.观察；等待keepawatchon监视onwatch值班undertheclosewatch在严密监视下watchone'stime等待时机morningwatch早班值勤 三、重点句式能熟用1.IdevelopedveryslowlyandittooknearlytwohundredyearsbeforeIwasbuiltasananalyticalmachinebyCharlesBabbage.我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。本句中的before引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之前”，before引导时间状语从句时，又可以根据不同语境灵活运用。具体用法如下：(1)与情态动词can/could连用。从句为肯定形式，译成“还没来得及就”；(2)Itwas＋时间段＋before...表示“过了多久后才……”，从句常用一般过去时；(3)Itwasnotlongbefore...表示“没过多久就……”，从句常用一般过去时；(4)Itwillbe＋时间段＋before...表示“要过多久之后才……”，从句常用一般现在时；(5)Itwillnotbe＋时间段＋before...表示“用不了多久就会……”，从句常用一般现在时。2.AndmymemorybecamesolargethatevenIcouldn'tbelieveit!我的记忆能力变得如此巨大，甚至连我自己都不能相信！本句中的so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。常用于以下结构：(1)so＋adj.(adv.)＋that...so...that...引导结果状语从句，此处so是副词。常见用法：so＋adj./adv.＋thatso＋adj.a(n)＋n.＋thatso＋many/few＋复数名词＋thatso＋much/little＋不可数名词＋thatHehadsolittleeducationthathewasunfitforthisjob.他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。(2)so＋adj.＋a/an＋单数名词＋that...Tomissocleveraboythateveryonelikeshim.汤姆是那么聪明的一个孩子，以至于人们都喜欢他。such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，也可以用来引导结果状语从句，此处such是形容词，一般用来修饰名词(单数、复数或不可数)。such...that...常见用法：such＋a(n)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋thatsuch＋adj.＋复数名词/不可数名词＋that 四、话题写作多积累训练八：写科普产品类说明文科普类产品的介绍的话题一般是与生活紧密相关的事物，如互联网、城市交通、、自然环境、动物等，一般是说明文。所选的内容一般是我们平常再熟悉不过的东西，这一类的作文应该是考生们得心应手的。题目一般是提纲式说明文，考生只要把所给要点逐条陈述，适度发挥，不要逐条翻译即可。本文可分两段来写。先描述产品给我们的生活带来的便利，在各方面应用这种产品，再写人们过度使用这类产品可能产生的负面影响。注意描述时，要条理清楚，句子连贯。用一般现在时态。在平时要增加阅读报纸、杂志、英语读物，从而提高阅读能力。要注意扩大词汇量，提高语言运用能力，避免词穷的窘境，还要熟悉热门话题，开拓思路，培养语感及英语思维习惯。1.审题：审清作文体裁(类型)、时态、人称等细节；分几段，以及每段大体内容；2.列提纲(文章结构框架)；3.写作：在提纲的基础上加上关联词补充要点；4.复查：靠语感检查语句是否通顺、连贯等；(两遍：第一遍检查拼写、语法、标点等问题；第二遍默读)5.誊抄：不允许做任何更改。综上所述，可以归结为：三审：体裁、时态、人称；三思：词汇→短语→句式；三查：要点、拼写和语法、连贯。【例1】用solve的适当形式填空①Withthehelpofhisfriends,hefinally__solved__theproblem.②Therearestillmanyproblems__to__be__solved__beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.③Weareexpectingtoseethetrafficproblem__solved__．④Theyhelpyoutalkthroughyourproblemsbuttheydon'tgiveyouany__solutions__．solutionofsaltinwater盐的水溶液solutionto解决……的办法，……的解决办法【例2】用somehow，anyhow或者somewhat完成句子①无论如何，我今天都要完成这项工作。Anyhow,__Imustfinishthisjobtoday.②我原以为我认得路，但不知怎么迷路了。IthoughtIknewtheway,but__somehow__Igotlost.③抱歉，恐怕我们稍微迟到了一会。Sorry,Iamafraidwehavearrived__somewhat__late.1．anyhow常用来表示已经说过的事无关紧要，重要的是下面要说的话。2．anyhow还可用于继续讲述故事或交谈中改变话题，表示“不论用何种方法，无论从什么角度”。3．anyhow不用于比较等级。【例3】(1)用signal的适当形式填空①She__signaled__tothecarsbehindthattheyweregoingthewrongway.②Thisnewpay－TVchannelsends__signals__viasatellitetocablepanies.③Thejudge__signaled__toapoliceofficerandthemanwasledaway.(2)用symbol，sign或signal的适当形式填空①我们用X表示一个未知数。WeuseXasthe__symbol__foranunknownquantity.②告示牌上写着“禁止停车”。The__sign__says“ParkingForbidden”.③信号机是红色时，火车必须停驶。Thetrainmuststopwhenthe__signal__isred.signalfor为(某事)而发信号signalforhelp发信号求救signalwithflags用旗子当信号catchthesignal捕捉到那信号receivesignals接收信号symbol，sign与signalsymbol指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。sign指人们公认事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。【例4】用arise的适当形式填空①Arethereanymatters__arising__fromtheminutesofthelastmeeting?②Problems__arose__overplanstobuildanewsupermarkethere.③Ifwewanttoconsiderhowlife__arose__wehavetolookbackafurtherthousandmillionyears.④Someconfusion__has__arisen__asaresultofthenewsystem.【例1】用result的相关短语完成句子①Itwasrainingheavily.__As__a__result,__thesportsmeetingwasputoff.②Thesportsmeetingwasputoff__as__a__result__of__theheavyrain.③Hisfailure__resulted__from__hiscarelessness.＝Hiscarelessness__resulted__in__hisfailure.【例2】用way的相关短语填空①__By__the__way,__haveyouseenmykeysanywhere?②There's__no__way__I'llevergetmarriedagain.③Hestays__all__the__way__inthegame.④I'dliketosaysomething__by__way__of__introduction.【例3】(1)用dealwith的适当形式填空①Thenovel__deals__with__theromanticstoriesofherearlylife.②Herethesubjectmay__be__dealt__with__underfourheadings.③Ishouldbeverycautiouswhile__dealing__with__thatfellow.【例4】用watch的相关短语填空①Youmust__keep__a__good__watch__for/watch__out__for__wildanimals.②Heaskedmeto__watch__out__for__hisunclewhowouldbewearingagreensuit.③__Watch__for__ournewimprovedproduct,whichwillbeonthemarketnextweek!④Theyusespeciallytraineddogsto__watch__over__theirsheepatnight.【例1】完成句子①我还没来得及插话他就为我量好了尺寸。BeforeIcouldgetinaword，hehadmeasuredme.②过了很长一段时间我才了解到真相。__It__was__some__time__before__Irealizedthetruth.③没过多久她就成了一名勇敢的战士。__It__wasn't__long__before__shebecameabravesolider.④这种状况或许要过许多年才能得以改善。__It__will__be__many__years__before__thesituationimproves.⑤不久我们就会习惯新学校的生活。__It__will__not__be__long__before__wegetusedtothenewschoollife.【例2】(1)完成句子你作文中的拼写错误太多了，以至于我读不明白你在写什么。Thereare__so__many__spellingmistakesinyourposition__that__Ican'tunderstandwhatyouarewritingabout.(2)句型转换①天气如此冷，大家都穿上大衣了。Itwassuchacolddaythateverybodyputontheirovercoats.＝Itwas__so__cold__a__day__that__everybodyputontheirovercoats.＝Itwas__so__coldthateverybodyputontheirovercoats.②这演讲枯燥无味，听得我都睡着了。ItwassuchaboringspeechthatIfellasleep.＝Itwas__so__boring__a__speech__thatIfellasleep.(2018届河北邯郸月考)鼠标是计算机时代最佳的人机交互工具之一。它极大地方便了人们的计算机操作。但是，过分依赖鼠标也会带来一些不利影响。请你以鼠标为切入点，根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇短文。鼠标的必要性对多数人来说，操作计算机，上网冲浪……鼠标的便捷性编辑文本，搜索信息……点击、移动、插入、收发邮件，选购商品……拷贝、删除……点播音乐，电影……如果过分依赖鼠标……(请考生结合自身感受，列举两到三点)注意：1．对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。2．词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。3．作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。Themouseisamosteffectivedeviceusedbypeopletomunicatewithaputer.Formostpeople,it'salmostimpossibletooperateaputerwithoutamouse,letalonesurftheInternet.Awell－chosenmouseisreallyhandy,flexibleandconvenientincontrollingthescreen.Withthefunctionsofinserting,deleting,movingandcopying,itenablesustoedittest,browsewebpageanddownloadwhatwewant.Itcanevenbringusafloodofmusic,moviesandPCgames.Justimagineallthiscanbedonewithacutemouse.Aconvenienttoolcancertainlymakeourworkeasier,butitdoesn'talwayshelpinapositiveway.Toomuchreadyinformationonourfingertipsleaveslittleroomforknowledgepursuing.Toomanyreadyanswersmakeuslessexcitedinfindingtruth.Relyingtoomuchonmouseclickingmakesuslazierandlesscreativebothmentallyandphysically.1.给的信息较多，但是考生不能进行生硬翻译；2.尽量使自己的文章生动有趣。考向一在语法填空中设题(2017全国卷Ⅰ)As________result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.【答案】a考查固定表达。asaresult意为“结果”，与上一句之间形成因果关系。考向二阅读理解中考查“科普类”话题(2017全国卷I,D)Abuild－it－yourselfsolarstill(蒸馏器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU．S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it'sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit'sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlyponentsrequired,though,area5′×5′sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethe__water__catcher'sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet'scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圆锥体)with45－degree－angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates(蒸发)andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerial,andfalloffintothecup.Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon'thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.1.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?A.It'sdelicate.B.It'sexpensive.C.It'splex.D.It'sportable.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inParagraph2referto?A.Thetube.B.Thestill.C.Thehole.D.Thecup.3.Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?A.Digaholeofacertainsize.B.Putthecupinplace.C.Weightthesheet'scenterdown.D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.4.Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatereintothecupfrom________．A.theplastictubeB.outsidetheholeC.theopenairD.beneaththesheet 【语篇解读】文章介绍了用自制的太阳能蒸馏器取得饮用水的好方法。1.D细节理解题。文章第一段第三句和第一段最后一句都说明这种太阳能蒸馏器是可以随身携带的。2.B指代关系题。第二段第一句就提到了Toconstructaworkingstill(为了让一个蒸馏器工作)，而此句的productivity(生产率)更是提供了答案的提示。3.C细节理解题。文章第二、三段详细讲述了安装太阳能蒸馏器的方法和步骤，第三段第一句说明在塑料布的中间放一块石头是最后一个步骤。4.D推理判断题。这个题目首先要求我们正确理解安装太阳能蒸馏器的方法和步骤，最后一段提到地下的水蒸发后被塑料布收集在其里面了，越积越多，然后在塑料布上形成水滴，最后滴在下面的杯子里，因此水是在塑料布的里面形成的。计策1：熟悉大纲内要求的所有固定搭配计策2：结合语境判断所属的逻辑关系计策1：首句是个切入口文章首句一般介绍了文章的主要内容，是统领整篇文章的中心，也是深入理解文章的基础。因此，考生应首先仔细分析文章的首句，对首句的内涵进行把握，以此获得解决问题的钥匙。计策2：重视首句和尾句对于该类文章而言，段落之间的逻辑性不强，段落之间的内在联系并不十分密切，因此，不能简单地从整体上把握文章的主要内容，而要从每段出发，在对每一段内容进行理解的前提下，将每一段进行联系，从而获得对整篇文章完整而准确地把握。计策3：进行合理判断首先，学生要根据词汇、句子判断阅读理解所要表达的大致含义，对整篇文章进行定位后，再进行答题，以防止出现答题思路走偏的状况，从而影响阅读理解整体的答题效果。其次，对文章脉络与逻辑进行仔细推敲，以此把握文章整体的内涵与结构。计策4：注重知识积累科普类阅读理解对考生的常识储备以及科学文化素养要求较高，要想获得优异的考试成绩，考生平时就要加强科学文化常识的积累和储备，以备考试之需。一、词汇拓展1.calculatevt.计算→__calculator__n．计算器→__calculation__n．计算2.universen．宇宙→__universal__adj.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的3.simplifyvt.简化→__simplicity__n．简单；朴素4.sumn．总数；算术题；金额→__summary__n．摘要，概要5.operatorn．(电脑)操作员；接线员→__operation__n．操作6.logicn．逻辑，推理的方法→__logical__adj.合逻辑的；合情理的→__logically__adv.逻辑上；合逻辑地；有条理地7.technologyn．工艺；科技；技术→__technological__adj.科技的8.revolutionn．革命→__revolutionary__adj.革命的，革新的n．革命者9.intelligencen．智力；聪明；智能→__intelligent__adj.智能的；聪明的10.solvevt.解决；解答→__solution__n．解决；解答11.realizevt.实现→__reality__n．真实；事实；现实12.personaladj.私人的；个人的；亲自的→__personally__adv.就个人而言；亲自13.totaladj.总的；整个的n.总数；合计→__totally__adv.完全地；整个地14.applyv．申请→__application__n．应用；用途；申请→__applicant__n．申请人15.financen．金融；财经→__financial__adj.财政的，金融的16.explorevt.&vi.探索；探测；探究→__explorer__n．探险者→__exploration__n．探险，研究17.happyadj.幸福的；快乐的→__happiness__n．幸福；快乐18.signn．记号；符号；标准→__signal__vi.&vt.发信号n．信号19.typen．类型vt.&vi.打字→__typewriter__n.打字机→__typist__n.打字员20.electricadj.电的→__electronic__adj.电子的→__electrical__adj.电的；电器的→__electricity__n．电；电流→__electrician__n．电工disappearvi.消失→disappearancen.消失21.appearvi.出现→__appearance__n．外观；外貌；出现22.charactern．性格；特点→__characteristic__adj.典型的，独特的23.niecen．侄女；甥女→__nephew__n．侄子，外甥二、单句语法填空personalityn.性格，个性，人格1.__Personally__(person)speaking,Ithinkheisaverygoodman,butyoumaynotagree.2.Wewonbythree__goals__(goal)toone.Sowehadabigpartylastnight.3.Thedevelopmentofthesteamenginewasagreat__technological__(technology)advance.4.Ihaven't__calculated__(calculate)theresultofthemathsproblem.5.Life__totally__(total)changedwhenIwenttocollege.6.Beforegoingtoschool,allthechildrenaregivenan__intelligence__(intelligent)test.7.Problemshave__arisen__(arise)outofthelackofmunication.8．“OneWorld,OneDream”fullyreflectstheessence(实质)andthe__universal__(universe)valuesoftheOlympicspirit.9.He__signaled__(signal)tothewaiterforthebill.Sothewaitercametohimimmediately.10.Wereceivehundredsofjob__applications__(apply)eachyear.三、用短语的适当形式填空1.__In__mon__withmanyyoungpeople,hepreferspopsongs.2.Astime__went__by__/Withtime__going__by,__hehaschangedalot.3.Don'tgetdiscouragedbysetbacks,wearenewtothework__after__all__.4.To__sum__up,__therearethreemainwaysofsolvingtheproblem.5.Shespentanhour__making__up__beforetheparty.6.Thisbook__deals__with__theMiddleEast.7.Hedidn'tpasstheexam__as__a__result__of__hiscarelessness.8.HefeltthatGodwas__watching__over__him.9.Iworkedouttheproblem__with__the__help__of__myteacher.10.__In__a__way,__it'skindofnicetobestudyingalone.四、句型转换1.Thechildisnotonlybeautifulbutalsoclever.→Thechildisbeautiful__as__well__as__clever.2.Withtimegoingby,wegrewolderandolder.→__As__time__went__by,wegrewolderandolder.3.Tomhaschangedmuch.Ican'trecognizehimatthefirstsight.→Tomhaschanged__so__much__that__Ican'trecognizehimatthefirstsight.4.Wehavewrittenalotofe－mailsontheputerinthepastye