2025版高考英语一轮总复习专题检测十二猜测词义

专题十二揣测词义Passage1TheicybeautyoftheArcticattractsthousandsofvisitorseveryyeartoseeitswonderfulwildlife,landscapeandlocalcultures.VisitorscantakeshipsonavoyagealongtheArcticOceanortakeflightstocitiesalongtheArcticedge.Nomatterhowonegetsthere,theyshouldwearwarmclothesandgetreadytotakeintheattractions.“TravelingtotheArcticleavesanunforgettableimpressiononthevisitor.Itsvastexpanseandthefragilityofitsenvironmentaretwothingsthatreallyblowawaypeople,”saidCherylRosa,thedirectoroftheUSArcticResearchCommission.

VisitorstotheArcticCirclewillhavealotofactivitiestochoosefromiftheywanttoseeallthattheregionhastooffer.Hikingwithsnowshoes,dogsleddingandkayakingarecommonactivities.Visitorswithsharpeyesarelikelytospotpolarbears.Togetevenclosertotheanimalsofthesea,visitorscangosnorkelingwithseals.Ofcourse,ArcticadventuresarentcompletewithoutviewingthewondersoftheArcticCircleslargeglaciersandicebergsaswell.OneofthemostimpressiveattractionsandmaybethemostdifficulttoseeistheNorthernLights,oneofthesevennaturalwondersoftheworld.Theyarenaturallightsthatglowgreenandlightupthehorizon.Sometimestheyappearaswavesthatdanceacrosstheskyindifferentcolors.ThebestplacestoviewtheNorthernLightsareinNorthernNorway,SwedensAbiskoNationalPark,Iceland,AmericasAlaskaorCanadasYukon,accordingtospace.CharlesDeehr,anexpertattheUniversityofAlaskaFairbanksGeophysicalInstitute,recommendedplanningatripbetweenwinterandspring,especiallywhenthereisanewmoon.EventhoughtheArcticisapopulartouristdestination,dontforgetthatpeopleliveheretoo.“ItisrecommendedthatvisitorsgowithtourgroupsthatarerespectfulofArcticresidents(居民)andtheirculture,”saidRosa.“Toomanypeoplecandisturbthesmallvillages.Findingtourgroupsthatworkwithlocalcommunitiesisimportant.”1.Theunderlinedpart“blowaway”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.

A.defeatB.affectC.moveD.impress2.WhatcanweknowabouttheNorthernLights?A.Theyonlyproducegreenlightatnight.B.Theyarenaturallightsandhardtosee.C.Theyseldomoccurbetweenwinterandspring.D.Thebesttimetoviewthemiswhenthereisafullmoon.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.TourgroupsarenotwelcomeamongArcticresidents.B.TheArcticspopulationhasbeenrisinginrecentyears.C.Visitorsshouldchoosesuitabletourgroupswhenvisiting.D.Tourgroupsshouldgetpermissionfromlocalcommunities.4.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?A.Toinformvisitorsoflocalculture.B.Torecommendsomeactivitiestovisitors.C.Tointroduceapopulartouristdestination.D.ToshareatravelexperienceintheArctic.答案[语篇解读]本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为旅游线路介绍。本文介绍了北极的旅游景点、活动项目、交通路途及留意事项。1.D揣测词义题。本题题干意为:第2段中画线部分“blowaway”的意思可能是。依据画线部分前面的句子“TravelingtotheArcticleavesanunforgettableimpressiononthevisitor.”(北极之旅会给游客留下难忘的印象)可推知画线部分的意思是:给(某人)留下深刻印象,故答案为D项。defeat战胜;affect影响;move使感动。

2.B细微环节理解题。本题题干意为:对于北极光我们知道什么?依据第4段中的“...andmaybethemostdifficulttoseeistheNorthernLights,oneofthesevennaturalwondersoftheworld.Theyarenaturallightsthat...”可知答案为B项。3.C推理推断题。本题题干意为:从最终一段我们可以推断出什么?依据最终一段中“ItisrecommendedthatvisitorsgowithtourgroupsthatarerespectfulofArcticresidentsandtheirculture”及“Findingtourgroupsthatworkwithlocalcommunitiesisimportant.”可知答案为C项(游客旅游时应当选择合适的旅行团)。4.C推理推断题。本题题干意为:作者写此篇文章的目的是什么?本文介绍了北极的旅游景点、活动项目、交通路途及留意事项等,其目的是介绍一个受欢迎的旅游目的地。故答案为C项。Passage2Rangeanxiety(里程焦虑),thefearofrunningoutofpowerbeforebeingabletorechargeanelectricvehicle,maybeathingofthepast,accordingtoateamofPennStateengineerswhoarelookingatlithiumironphosphatebatteries(磷酸铁锂电池)thathavearangeof250mileswiththeabilitytochargein10minutes.“Wedevelopedaprettycleverbatteryformass-marketelectricvehicles,”saidChao-YangWang,aprofessoranddirectoroftheElectrochemicalEngineCenteratPennState.“Thereisnomorerangeanxietyandthisbatteryisaffordable.”Theresearchersalsosaythatthebatteryshouldbegoodfor2millionmilesinitslifetime.TheyreporttodayinNatureEnergythatthekeytolong-lifeandrapidrechargingisthebatterysabilitytoquicklyheatupto140degreesFahrenheit,forchargeanddischarge,andthencooldownwhenthebatteryisnotworking.Thebatteryusesaself-heatingapproachpreviouslydevelopedinWangscenter.Theself-heatingbatteryusesathinsheetofnickelfoil(镍箔)withoneendattachedtothenegativeterminalandtheotherextendingoutsidethecelltocreateathirdterminal.Onceelectronsflow,itrapidlyheatsupthenickelfoilthroughresistanceheatingandwarmstheinsideofthebattery.Oncethebatterysinternaltemperatureis140degreesF,theswitchopensandthebatteryisreadyforrapidchargeordischarge.“Thisbatteryhasslenderizedweight,volumeandcost,”saidWang.“Iamveryhappythatwefinallyfoundabatterythatwillbenefitthemainstreamconsumermassmarket.”AccordingtoWang,thesesmallerbatteriescanproducealargeamountofpoweruponheating.Anelectricvehiclewiththisbatterycouldgofromzeroto60milesperhourin3secondsandwoulddrivelikeaPorsche,hesaid.“Thisishowwearegoingtochangetheenvironmentandnotcontributetojusttheluxurycars,”saidWang.“Leteveryoneaffordelectricvehicles.”1.Whichcanbestdescribethebatteryinthetext?A.Cheapandheavy.B.Costlybutbeneficial.C.Expensivebutsmall-sized.D.Affordableandefficient.2.Whycanthebatterybeusedforlongandchargedsofast?A.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.B.Itheatsupandcoolsdownrapidly.C.Ithelpsspeedupthecarinstantly.D.Itchargeswhenitdoesntwork.3.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Howthebatteryworks.B.Advantagesofthebattery.C.Howthebatteryisproduced.D.Applicationsofthebattery.4.Theunderlinedword“slenderized”inParagraph5canprobablybereplacedby.

A.promotedB.gatheredCbinedD.reduced答案[语篇解读]本文为新闻报道。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科技进步。宾夕法尼亚州立高校电化学发动机中心开发了一款新型电池,解决了电力汽车司机开车时的里程焦虑问题。1.D细微环节理解题。本题题干意为:哪一项能最好地描述本文中的这款电池?依据第2段中“Thereisnomorerangeanxietyandthisbatteryisaffordable.”(不再有里程焦虑,而且这种电池价格合理)可知答案为D项。依据最终一段中“Thisbatteryhasslenderizedweight,volumeandcost”可解除其他选项。2.B细微环节理解题。本题题干意为:为什么这款电池运用时间长且充电速度很快?依据第3段内容(他们在今日的《自然·能源》杂志上报道,长寿命和快速充电的关键是电池在充放电时能快速加热到华氏140度,然后在电池不工作时冷却)可知答案为B项。3.A主旨要义题。本题题干意为:第4段主要讲的是什么?第4段介绍了这款新型电池的工作原理,由此可知答案为A项。4.D揣测词义题。本题题干意为:第5段中的画线词“slenderized”可能被代替。依据上下文逻辑及构词法(slenderize是由形容词slender“苗条的,细的”加上动词后缀“ize”构成)可知画线词可由reduce(缩小,减轻)替代,故答案为D项。

Passage3AsPhDresearchgoes,BrianWisendenwasenviable,watchingbabyfishswimmingswiftlythroughtheclearwatersintheCostaRicantropicaldryforest.Byrecordingtheirgrowthandnumbers,hehopedtolookattheirrisksofbeingeaten.Instead,hewitnessedsomethingodd.Manygroupswereincreasinginnumbers.Inthesegroups,someweresmallerthanothers,suggestingtheywerentsiblings(兄弟姐妹).Wisendenhadaccidentallydiscoveredthatthefish,calledconvictcichlids,adopteachothersbabies.Whywouldtheydothat,hewondered?Inthehumanworld,wethinkofadoptionasaselflessact.Butinnature,itspresenceispuzzling.Takingontheburdenofbringingupbabieswithnogeneticlinkwouldseemtoreduceananimalschancesofsurvivaloratleastprovidenogain.Yet,adoptionissurprisinglycommonintheworld.Taketheeasterngreykangaroo.Between2008and2013,Wisendenfollowedthefatesof326babykangaroosintheNationalParkinVictoriaandrecorded11casesofpouch(育儿袋)swapping.Thecircumstancesbehindsomeoftheseadoptionsarentknown,butfourwerestraightswapsandanotherfouroccurredafteramotherhadlostherownbaby.Howcome?Beforeindependence,babykangaroosgothroughaperiodinsideandoutsidetheirmotherspouch.Followingout-of-pouchattacks,mothersnormallysnifftheiryoungbeforeallowingthembackin,butWisendensteamsuspectthatduringanemergencytheymayskipthesnifftest,allowingavulnerablebabytoquicklyclimbinbeforefleeingfromdanger.Onceinsidethewrongpouch,theyoungmayfakethemothersodor,makingthemsmellconfusinglylikeherownchildren.So,poorbabyrecognitionistheprimecauseof“accidental”adoption.Someofnaturesadoptionsare,actually,drivenbyyounglookingforbetterprospects.Inburrowerbugs,forexample,femaleslayanestofeggsclosetothoseofunrelatedbugs.Motherbugslookaftertheirdevelopingeggsbeforetheyhatch,thenfeedtheirbabiesnutsfromweedymintplants.Findingnutsisacompetitivebusiness,sonoteverymotherbuggetsherfairshare.Andifthedeliveryrateisntuptoscratch,cleveryoungmayabandontheirmotherstojoinabetter-fedgroup.Thatssimilartobehaviorinseveralvarietiesofgullswhosebabies,ifpoorlyfed,mayleavehomeinsearchofbetterparents.Theconsequencesofadoptionfollowingmistakenidentitycanbedire(糟糕的).Thetruebabiesofadoptingmotherswereabandoned.Butitcanhaveremarkablebenefits,notjustforadopteesbutalsoforadoptiveparents.1.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatWisendensfindingsare.

A.toostrangetobewitnessedB.enviedbyhispeerco-researchersC.outofhisownexpectationsD.asoundproofofhisresearchobject2.WhichisNOTthereasonforadoptionintheanimalkingdom?A.Parentsinabilitytoprovideenoughfood.B.Babyanimalslookingforbetterparenting.C.Parentsfailuretorecognizetheirownbabies.D.Selflessadoptioncommonlyseenintheanimalworld.3.Theunderlinedword“vulnerable”inthefourthparagraphmeans.

A.independentandwell-fedB.fragileandpoorlyraisedC.naughtyandeasilyhurtD.weakandeasilyattacked4.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablytalkaboutnext?A.Thebenefitsforadopters.B.Theconsequencesofadoption.C.Thebenefitsforbabyanimals.D.Theconsequencesofwrongidentity.答案[语篇解读]本文为说明文。主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为自然科学探讨结果。本文介绍了一些动物的一种惊奇的行为,即抚养与自己没有基因联系的幼崽。1.C推理推断题。本题题干意为:从文章中我们可以推断出Wisenden的发觉是。依据第1段第2、3句(通过记录它们的生长和数量,他希望能探讨它们被吃掉的风险。相反,他看到了一些惊奇的事情)可知:Wisenden的发觉是出乎意外的,故答案为C项。

2.D细微环节理解题。本题题干意为:在动物王国里,哪一项不是收养的理由?依据第2段第1句(在人类世界,我们认为收养是一种无私的行为)可知:在人类世界收养是一种无私的行为,而不是在动物王国,故答案为D项。依据第5段倒数第1、2、3句(找寻坚果是一件竞争激烈的工作,所以并不是每个土蝽妈妈都能得到公允的份额。假如诞生率不合乎标准,聪慧的孩子可能会抛弃自己的母亲,加入一个更好的群体。那与几种海鸥的行为相像,它们的孩子假如被喂养不好,可能会离家去找寻更好的父母)可解除A、B项;依据第4段最终一句(因此,识别幼崽实力差是“意外”收养的主要缘由)可解除C项。3.D揣测词义题。本题题干意为:第4段中画线词“vulnerable”的意思是。依据画线词所在句子中的“toquicklyclimbinbeforefleeingfromdanger”(逃离危急前快速爬进去)可推知画线词的意思是“弱小且简单被攻击的”,故答案为D项。

4.A推理推断题。本题题干意为:作者接下来极有可能谈什么?依据最终一段最终一句(但它可以有显著的好处,不仅对被收养者,而且对收养孩子的父母)可知作者在接下来可能会谈论对收养者的好处,故答案为A项。Passage4WhenIwasseven,myfamilyandIwerecomingbackfromaT-ballgame.Inourdriveway,wespottedtwoadultgeeseandasmallgosling.Theadultswerefrightenedbyourreturnandflewaway,buttheirbabywasstilltooyoungtoflyandcouldntfollow.Hourspassed,andnightfell.Thetinylittlethingwaswanderingaroundouryard,unawareofwhatcouldhappen,anditwasclearthatthegoslingneededprotection,warmthandfoodtomakeittothemorning.Atthatpoint,wehadtobringhimintoourbackyard.Weallprettymuchsleptwithoneeyeopenforseveraldays.Eachmorning,wewouldtrytorushthegooseovertohisparents,whokeptcomingbacktoouryard.Hewouldntgotothem,though,andtheywouldntcomecloseenoughtoclaimhim.Theyounggoosehadclearlydecidedwewerehisnewfamily,andmytwinsisterJoannacalledthelittleguyPeeper.Almostayearpassedandwesettledintoaroutinefilledwithfeatheryhugsandcompany.Oneevening,myunclecameover,andmydadthrewPeeperupintotheairtoshowhecouldflyaroundthehouse,butthistime,Peeperjustflewoff.Everyonewasverysad.Twentyyearspassed,andPeeperbecameafondmemoryformyfamily.In2024,anagingadultgoosemadehiswaybacktomyhome.Atfirst,IassumeditwasjustanotherCanadagoose.Aftertwoweeksofthegoosecomingbackrepeatedly,itbecamecleartomethatthiswasntarandomgoose.HedidallofthethingsPeeperusedtodo,liketryingtocomeinthroughthefrontdoorandsleepinginourenclosedpoolarea.Besides,thisgooserespondedtothenamePeeper.Muchtomyamazement,myoldbestfriendhadreturned,20yearslater.1.Whydidtheauthorbringthelittlegoosehomethatnight?A.Itcouldntfinditsparents.B.Itwastoofragiletosurvive.C.Itwantedtostayintheyard.D.Itenjoyedtheauthorscompany.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“claim”inParagraph3mean?A.Get.B.Forgive.C.Challenge.D.Annoy.3.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A.ShenamedthegoosePeeper.B.ShesetPeeperfreeonpurpose.C.ShehaddeepfeelingsforPeeper.D.Shetrainedthegoosetoflydaily.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Afeatheredfamilymember.B.Thereturnofalonglostfriend.C.Thereunionofagoosefamily.D.Anadventurousjourneyhome.答案[语篇解读]本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为人与动物。作者7岁时,一只小鹅被带回了她的家,成了作者一家人的挚友。当小鹅长大后,它飞走了,可20年后那只鹅又回到了作者的家。1.B细微环节理解题。本题题干意为:那天夜里,作者为什么把那只小鹅带回家?依据第2段第2句中的(很明显,这只小鹅须要爱护、温温煦食物才能活到早晨)可知答案为B项。2.A揣测词义题。本题题干意为:第3段中的画线词“claim”是什么意思?依据画线词所在句(它不去找它们,它的父母也不愿走近它)可推知画线词的意思是“认领”,故答案为A项。3.C推理推断题。本题题干意为:关于作者,我们可以从文中推断出什么?依据第4段中的内容(但这次,佩珀飞走了。每个人都很难过。二十年过去了,佩珀成了我们家的美妙回忆)可推知:作者对那只名为佩珀的小鹅感情很深,故答案为C项。4.B主旨要义题。本题题干意为:本文主要讲的是什么?本文讲解并描述的是作者7岁时,一只小鹅被带回家,成了作者一家人的挚友。当小鹅长大后,它飞走了,可20年后那只鹅又回到了作者的家。由此可知本文主要讲的是“久违挚友的归来”,故答案为B项。Passage5Thankfully,Ifoundthecouragetopersevereinthefaceofadversityandsucceeded.Otherwise,Icouldbeavictimandfeelsorryformyselffortherestofmylife.AdoctortoldmeatayoungagethatIwouldlikelynevergraduatefromhighschoolduetomyseverehearinglossandmyextremelyslowspeechdevelopment.Ifoundthecouragetoworkhardinschoolandbeactiveinsportsandotheractivitiesdespitewearinghearingaidsandlivingwitha70%hearingloss.BythetimeIwascollege-age,Istartedlosingmynightvision.Idecidedtogoawaytocollege300milesfromhome.Iobtainedmybachelorsdegreeandgraduatedwithhonors.EventhoughIhadterriblehearinglossandwasbeginningtolosemysightatnight,Ifoundthecouragetobeginaprofessionalcareer.AfterearningmyMBAdegree,IacceptedapositionwithKelloggintheCorporateAffairsDepartment.WhenIwasworkingonmyMBAdegree,Ifoundthecouragetoasksomeonesuccessfuldespitefacingsimilarchallengestomentor(指导)me.HeencouragedmetoconsiderKelloggasheknewthecompanywascommittedtodiversityandinclusion(包涵).Inervouslystartedmynewcareer,becausemyvisionlosshadprogressedsignificantlyinthepastfewyears.IamthankfultohaveamentorthatencouragedmeandIamthankfulIfoundthecouragetoapplyforapositionwithKellogg.WhileKelloggfostersasupportive,encouragingenvironment,itstilltakescourageformetorequirewhatIneedtomakesureIamsuccessfulinmycareer.Ineedcouragetospeakupandaskforsuitableaccommodationstodomyjob.Ialsohavetoaskforassistancenavigatingthroughunfamiliarareas.IhavefoundthateveryoneatKelloggisalwaysmorethanwillingtotakemyrequestsintoaccount.EventhoughIfacedailychallenges,Ihavesomuchtobegratefulfor.Weoftenfacedifficultieswecannotcontrol,butwecanbecourageousinordertofaceadversityandaddresschallenges.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adversity”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Advertisement.B.Reality.C.Difficulty.D.Reward.2.Whentheauthorwasinhighschool,she.

A.wasverytalkativeinclassB.wasengagedinsportsactivelyC.sufferedaseveremedicalerrorD.droppedoutonceforherhearingloss3.WhatmotivatedtheauthortoapplyforajobinKellogg?A.Amentorsencouragement.B.Heraggressivepersonality.C.Herinterestinachallengingjob.D.Thecompanyssupportforthedisabled.4.WecaninferfromParagraph4that.

A.shepickedupmanyskillsforthisjobB.shehasmetwithalotofmisunderstandingsC.shehastogainlotsofsupportforhercareerD.sheachievedgreatsuccessinhercareer答案[语篇解读]本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为人生看法。作者讲解并描述了通过自己在逆境中坚持不懈的努力获得胜利的经验。1.C揣测词义题。本题题干意为:第1段中画线词“adversity”可能是什么意思?依据下文(否则,我会成为一个牺牲品,自己的整个余生都会感到缺憾)可推断画线词所在句子的意思是:我找到了面对逆境坚持下去的志气,并胜利了。由此可知画线词的意思是“逆境”,与“difficulty”意思相近,故答案为C项。2.B细微环节理解题。本题题干意为:在作者上中学时,她。依据题干中的“highschool”可知第2段为本题的答案区间,依据第2段第2句“Ifoundthecouragetoworkhardinschoolandbeactiveinsportsandotheractivitiesdespitewearinghearingaidsandlivingwitha70%hearingloss.”可知答案为B项。

3.A细微环节理解题。本题题干意为:是什么激励作者申请凯洛格的工作?依据第3段中的“HeencouragedmetoconsiderKelloggasheknewthecompanywascommittedtodiversityandinclusion.”可知答案为A项。

4.C推理推断题。本题题干意为:从第4段我们能推断出。依据第4段尤其是第1句(虽然凯洛格公司营造了一个能够供应帮助的、令人鼓舞的环境,但我仍旧须要志气要求我所须要的,以确保我在工作中获得胜利)可知作者为了自己的工作,须要获得很多支持。故答案为C项。

Passage6DuringthisyearsSpringFestival,MaRuimadeameme(表情包)byformingacollage(拼贴画)ofherportraitandimagesoffirecrackersandgoldencoins.Masentittorelativesandfriendsonsocialmediaashernewyearsgreeting.“Traditionaltextgreetingsaretedious.Amemestickerofmyselfismorecreativeandpersonal,”saidMa,a38-year-oldwomanworkinginYinchuan.Asaregularmememaker,Maalsomadehercatanddogthemaincharactersofhercreations.Withherever-increasingmemecollection,shecandealwithmostonlinecommunicationsbysendingmemeswithoutsendingatextmessage.OnChinasmostpopularsocialnetworkingappsWeChatandQQ,manyusershavedevelopedthehabitofcollectingmemesintheiraccounts,includingthosefeaturingcelebrities,animals,andcartooncharacters.MahasbeenusingemojisandmemesonWeChatforabout10years,buttheywerelimitedinthepast.Inrecentyears,meme-makinghasbecomeanewtrend,withtheemergenceofmoredesignersandappsformakingmemes.Withfreeapps,peoplecancreatetheirownmemesandsharethemonline.Asanindustry,meme-makingcanalsobringdecentincomesformemedesigners,injectingvitalityintorelatedproductsandindustries.“Agoodmemecanaccuratelyexpresswhatonemeansandreducemisunderstandingandembarrassment.Thisiswhypeopleneedit,”saidLuoYalong,a30-year-oldmemedesigner.Luocreatedacartooncharacternamed“LittleChubbyInu”.Withthisimage,hedesignednearlyonethousandmemeswithdifferentexpressions,whichhavebeenusedbillionsoftimesonWeChatsinceitwasfirstintroducedin2017.TheimageofLittleChubbyInuhasalsobeenprintedonT-shirts,mugs,andcosmeticsandpackagesofpopulardrinkbrands.Thisyear,LuoopenedanonlinestoreforLittleChubbyInu-themedproducts.Bydrawinginspirationfrompopularwebsitesyoungpeopleliketovisit,Luohasbecomeaprolificmeme-maker,creatinganewseriesofmemeseverytwoorthreemonths.“Attractivememesareemergingeveryday,whileuserstastesareever-changing.Forusdesigners,itcausesgreatpressurebutalsopresentsimmenseopportunities,”Luosaid.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”inParagraph2mean?A.Narrow.B.Dull.C.Ancient.Dmon.2.WhatdoLuoswordsinthelastparagraphsuggest?A.Designersshouldcaterforusersappetite.B.Memescausegreatpressurefordesigners.C.Newinterestingmemesarearisingeveryday.D.Moreandmorememesbringusopportunities.3.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Thestoriesaboutsomefamousmeme-makers.B.MemesgoingviralonChinesesocialnetworkingapps.C.Thedifferencebetweenoldandnewgreetings.D.Memescreatingcartooncharacters.答案[语篇解读]本文为新闻报道。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为信息技术创新。本文介绍了在社交网络应用程序上出现的表情包。1.B揣测词义题。本题题干意为:第2段中画线词“tedious”是什么意思?画线词所在句子(传统的短信问候……)是与下句(我自己的表情包更有创意,也更特性化)进行比较的,依据其中的“morecreativeandpersonal”可知画线词“tedious”意为“乏味的”,此意与B项(dull)相符,故答案为B项。2.A推理推断题。本题题干意为:最终一段中罗说的话示意着什么?依据最终一段罗说的(迷人的表情包每天都在出现,而用户的品尝也在不断变更。对于我们设计师来说,这带来了巨大的压力,但同时也呈现了巨大的机遇)可知B、C、D三项都是他干脆说出来的内容而非示意内容,只有A项(设计者应当迎合用户的品尝)是他的话所示意的,故为答案。3.B主旨要义题。本题题干意为:本文的中心思想是什么?文中的关键词是memes,并非聚焦两位设计师的个人故事,而是借助两位设计师的设计给读者呈现表情包快速走红这一现象,故答案为B项。Passage7Inrecentyears,Ethiopiahasbecomearegionalleaderinsolidwastemanagement.Lastyear,thecountrytransformedthelandfill(垃圾填埋场)inAddisAbabaintoanewwaste-to-energyplant,thefirstsuchprojectonthecontinent.Theplantincineratesupto1,400tonnesofwasteeveryday,about80percentofthecitysrubbish,supplyingthecapitalwith25percentofitshouseholdelectricityneeds.However,despitetheseimportantsteps,challengesremaininEthiopia.AlthoughthecountryhaspermittedtheBasel,StockholmandRotterdamconventions,lawsandpoliciesonenvironmentallysoundmanagementofhazardous(危急的)wastesarestillnoteffectiveinpreventinglitteringillegally.TohelpEthiopiameetthesechallenges,theChemicalsandWasteManagementProgramissupportingthecountrywithathree-yearprojecttoenhanceitscapacityforsoundmanagementofhazardouswastes.Intheinitialstages,aprojectmanagementunitwillbeformed,madeupofmanyrepresentativesfromgovernmentdepartmentsandprivateorganizations.ThisunitwillberesponsibleforreviewingandassessingEthiopiascurrentlegalsystem,which,despitenumerousadvancesinrecentyears,doesnotspecificallytargettherecyclingofhazardouswaste.Oncelegalgapsareidentified,theprojectwillseektoupdateexistingpoliciesandstrategies.ManypeopleinEthiopiaarenotawareofthepossibleeffectofenvironmentaldamageandtheneedtoreportsuchcrimestothepolice.Toresolvethispressingissue,Ethiopiawillbeconductingaseriesofcapacity-buildingactivities,includingcreatingawareness-raisingprograms,trainingtrainersandprovidingequipment.Ethiopiawillalsoworktoestablishanationalmechanismforchemicalsandwastemanagementbyengaginggovernmentdepartmentsandcivilsocietygroups.Authoritieswillalsomakebudgetaryprovisions(预算拨款)innational,regionalandinstitutionalplanningtoensurefundingfortheseactivitiesissustainableevenaftertheprojectscompletion.1.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“incinerates”inParagraph1?A.producesB.gathersC.burnsD.absorbs2.WhatsthemainproblemofEthiopiainwastemanagement?A.Thefundsarenotsufficient.B.Theshortageofworkersissevere.C.Thepollutionlevelistoohigh.D.Therelevantlawsarenotsound.3.WhatwillEthiopiadotohelpthenativesprotecttheenvironment?A.Raisetheirenvironmentalawareness.B.Callonthemtostartsomeprograms.C.Rewardthemwithbudgetaryprovisions.D.Restricttheirenvironmentalmovement.4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Ethiopiaisfacingseriousenvironmentalproblems.B.Ethiopiaisputtingeffortsintowastemanagement.C.Ethiopiahasachievedsuccessinwastemanagement.D.Ethiopiahasreducedenvironmentalpollutionlevels.答案[语篇解读]本文为说明文。主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为环境爱护。本文介绍了埃塞俄比亚废物处理的有关状况。1.C揣测词义题。本题题干意为:哪一项可以取代第1段中的画线词“incinerates”?依据语境可推知画线词所在句子意为:这家工厂每天焚烧多达1,400吨的垃圾,约占该市垃圾的80%,为首都供应25%的家庭用电需求。由此可知画线词的意思是“焚烧”,故答案为C项。2.D细微环节理解题。本题题干意为:在废物管理方面,埃塞俄比亚的主要问题是什么?依据第2段第2句(虽然该国已经批准了巴塞尔、斯德哥尔摩和鹿特丹公约,但危急废物的无害环境管理的法律和政策仍旧不能有效地防止非法乱扔废物)及第3段(为了帮助埃塞俄比亚应对这些挑战,化学品和废物管理支配正在支持该国实施一个为期三年的项目,以增加该国对危急废物进行健全管理的实力)可知:埃塞俄比亚在废物管理方面的主要问题是相关法规不健全,故答案为D项。3.A细微环节理解题。本题题干意为:埃塞俄比亚为了帮助本地人爱护环境将做什么事情?依据第5段中的“...Ethiopiawillbeconductingaseriesofcapacity-buildingactivities,includingcreatingawareness-raisingprograms,trainingtrainersandprovidingequipment.”可知答案为A项。

4.B主旨要义题。本题题干意为:本文主要讲了什么?依据第1段(主题段落)可知本文主要讲的是埃塞俄比亚在废物处理方面的努力,故答案为B项。Passage8Whatdoyoudowitholdstuff?Thatdressyouboughtforapartythreeyearsago,forexample.Youworeitonceandputitawaysomewhere.So,whattodo?IntheUK,wemighttakeittoacharityshop.ThefirstcharityshopsappearedinBritaininthe19thcentury.TheSalvationArmywasoneofthefirsttorunasecond-handclothingshoptoprovidetheneedywithaffordableclothes.ThiswasfollowedbycharitiessuchastheBritishRedCross,whoalsorelievedhardshipandraisedmoneyforthewareffortduringWorldWarTwo.In1947,OxfamopenedacharityshopinHighStreet,Oxford,whichisthemodernformweknowtoday.Thesedays,charityshopsareacommonsightwitharound11,200shopsacrosstheUK,accordingtotheCharityRetailAssociation.Duringbusinesshoursthepubliccandonatetheirunwanteditemstoacharityshop—clothes,books,electronics,furniture.Theseitemsarecheckedforwearandtearandiffoundstillserviceable,theywillbepriceduptobesoldataheavilydiscountedprice.Formany,thisisawin-winsituation.Tothecharity,itmeansavaluablesourceofincome.Totheconsumer,itprovidestheopportunitytobuy,oftenextremelycheaply,itemsandclothes.Tothedonator,itmayhelptoassuageconsumerguilt.“Youcanmakeaprettygoodcasetoyourselfthatyouaredoinggood,becausewhatyouaredoingisgoingtowardsacharitablecauseandyouaresavingstufffromlandfill,”ClarePress,fashionjournalistandsustainablestyleadvocate,tellsTheGuardian.Therearesometimeshiddentreasuresforthebuyers,too.Takeascreenprintforexample.Itwasboughtfor99pandlaterfoundtobebyEnglishartistBenNicholson.Itwassoldfor￡4,200.Sonexttimeyouneedtoridyourselfofsomething,spareathoughtforthecharityshop—afterall,charitybeginsathome!1.Thetextismainlywrittento.

AmentonthebenefitsofcharityshopsB.analyzethepopularityoftheUKcharitiesC.listthenamesofthefirstUKcharityshopsD.introducesomethingaboutUKcharityshops2.Moderncharityshopsmightberunby.

A.theBritishRedCrossB.TheSalvationArmyC.OxfamD.theCharityRetailAssociation3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“assuage”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Ease.B.Add.C.Mix.D.Increase.4.Whatdoestheauthoradvisepeopletodointhelastparagraph?A.Getridofunwanteditems.B.Startcharityfromdailylife.C.Beenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Makeadifferencetothefuture.答案[语篇解读]本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会。本文介绍了英国的慈善商店的历史、经营方式及社会意义。1.D推理推断题。本题题干意为:本文的主要写作目的是。第一段以问题的形式引出文章主题,依据第2段及后面段落内容可知本文介绍的是英国慈善商店的有关内容,故答案为D项。

2.C细微环节理解题。本题题干意为:现代慈善商店可能由经营。依据第2段中的“In1947,OxfamopenedacharityshopinHighStreet,Oxford,whichisthemodernformweknowtoday.”可知答案为C项。

3.A揣测词义题。本题题干意为:第3段中画线词“assuage”可能是什么意思?依据画线词后面的句子(你可以很好地证明你是在做好事,因为你所做的是为了慈善事业,你正在从垃圾填埋场中挽救一些东西)可知画线词所在句子意为:对于捐献者来说,那可能会有助于减轻消费者内疚感,故答案为A项(减轻)。4.B推理推断题。本题题干意为:作者在最终一段建议人们做什么?依据最终一段尤其是最终一句(所以下次你须要扔掉一些东西的时候,想想慈善商店——终归,慈善事业从家里起先!)可知答案