轴驱式发电机供电系统组成及轴驱式发电机工作原理牛小伟课件讲解

轴驱式发电机供电系统组成及轴驱式发电机工作原理主讲人牛小伟ZHENGZHOURAILWAYVOCATIONAL&TECHNICALCOLLEGE客车电气装置/BUSELECTRICALINSTALLATION主讲人牛小伟SpeakerNiuxiaowei轴驱式发电机供电系统组成是我国在20世纪60年代引进设计的一种用于铁路客车的供电装置。Theshaft-drivenenginepowersupplydeviceisakindofpowersupplydeviceintroducedanddesignedforrailwaypassengertrainsinChinainthe1960s.轴驱式发动机供电装置轴驱式发电机供电装置由于这种供电装置中的发电机是由车轴驱动的，所以称之为根据驱动方式不同分为轴端皮带轮带动的48V发电机万向轴带动的110V发电机两种和Becausethegeneratorofthispowersupplydeviceisdrivenbytheshaft,itiscalledtheshaft-drivenenginepowersupplydevice.Duetothedifferentdrivingmodes,itisdividedinto48Vgeneratordrivenbythebeltpulleyattheshaftendand110Vgeneratordrivenbythecardanshaft.轴驱式发电机供电系统组成目前，22型普通客车普遍采用轴端皮带轮带动的轴驱式发电机供电装置，其电气系统主要由蓄电池、J5感应子发电机、KP－2A型控制箱、客车电扇、客车照明与逆变器及车体配线等组成。其供电系统的基本组成和原理如图所示。Atpresent,theshaft-drivengeneratorpowersupplydevicedrivenbythebeltpulleyattheshaftendiswidelyusedin22-typeordinarypassengertrains.Itselectricalsystemismainlycomposedofbattery,J5inductorgenerator,KP-2Acontrolbox,passengertrainfan,passengertrainlightingdevice,inverter,wiringofthetrainbodyandsoon.行车时，发电机输出的三相交流电首先经过桥式整流电路整流，然后通过车体配线送给车上各种负载，包括直流负载和交流负载。Whendriving,thethree-phasealternatingcurrentoutputfromthegeneratorisfirstrectifiedbythebridgerectifyingcircuit,andthensenttovariousloadsonthetrainthroughthewiringofthetrainbody,includingDCloadsandACloads.向交流负载(荧光灯)供电时须经逆变器将直流电变换成交流电后方可使用。WhensupplyingpowertotheACload(fluorescentlamp),theDCpowermustbeconvertedintoACpowerbytheinverterbeforeitcanbeused.除了向车上负载供电外，还须向蓄电池充电。Inadditiontosupplyingpowertotheloadsonthetrain,itisalsonecessarytochargethebattery.发电机输出电压的稳定及蓄电池充电电流的大小由控制箱来控制。Thestabilityofthegeneratoroutputvoltageandthesizeofthebatterychargingcurrentarecontrolledbythecontrolbox.列车停车或低速运行时改由蓄电池供电。Thetrainispoweredbybatterywhenitstopsorrunsatlowspeed.CONTENTS01一、客车感应子发电机Businductorgenerator02二、发电机的工作原理Howageneratorworks01客车感应子发电机Businductorgenerator一、客车感应子发电机项目额定功率额定电压额定转速频率相数参数5kw60v（整流后）850~3700r/min85~370Hz3表2-1感应子发电机的技术数据在轴驱式交流发电机供电装置中，主要采用了感应子发电机。Inthepowersupplydeviceofshaft-drivenalternatingcurrentgenerator,theinductorgeneratorismainlyused.它属于同步交流发电机的一种，具有结构简单、维护方便、重量轻、功率大等优点。感应子发电机的主要技术数据:

3kW（J3型）

5kW（J5型）

7kW（J7型）分别适用于用电量客车感应子发电机按功率可分三种，即目前用得最多的是J5型。不同的客车。Itbelongstoakindofsynchronousalternator,whichhastheadvantagesofsimplestructure,convenientmaintenance,lightweight,largepowerandsoon.Passengertraininductorgeneratorcanbedividedintothreetypesaccordingtothepower:3kW(J3type),5kW(J3type),7kW(J7type),whicharesuitableforpassengertrainswithdifferentelectricityconsumption.Atpresent,themostusedinductorgeneratoristheJ5typeinductorgenerator.一、感应子发电机的构造它由机座端盖轴承轴承盖定子铁心激磁绕组电枢绕组转子等部分组成。及和J5generatorismainlycomposedofmachinebase,endcoverplate,bearingandbearingcover,statorironcore,excitingwinding,armaturewinding,rotorandsoon.一、感应子发电机的构造一、感应子发电机的构造励磁绕组电枢绕组转子铁芯定子冲片端盖机座、定子铁芯1.1机座是机座是整个发电机的支持架，承受着定子和转子的全部重量，用QT40-10球墨铸铁铸造。Themachinebaseisthesupportframeofthewholegenerator,whichbearsthewholeweightofthestatorandtherotor,andiscastfromnodularcastiron.机座machinebase机座上有一吊耳，用以将电机悬挂在吊架上。Thereisalugonthebasetosuspendthemotorfromthehanger.吊耳孔内镶有表面硬化钢套或尼龙套，套孔内径为φ32.2±0.1mm,套壁厚为4mm。Thereisasurfacehardenedsteelsleeveornylonsleeveintheholeofthelug,theinnerdiameterofthesleeveholeisφ32.2±0.1mm,andthewallthicknessofthesleeveis4mm.吊耳上有一注油孔。机座上在发电机引出线端装有接线盒。Thereisanoilfillingholeinthelugs.Ajunctionboxisprovidedonthebaseatthegeneratorleadwireend.1.2定子铁心定子铁心statorironcore压装在机座内腔，用以嵌放电枢绕组和激磁绕组，同时也是电机磁路的组成部分。Thestatorironcoreispressedintheintra-cavityofthemachinebasetoembedthearmaturewindingandtheexcitingwinding,anditisalsoapartofthemagneticcircuitofthemotor.由400片，0.5mm的硅钢片冲片叠压而成，每一冲片单面涂有绝缘漆，可减少涡流损耗。Stackedby400piecesof0.5mmsiliconsteelsheetpunches,eachpunchiscoatedwithinsulatingvarnishononesidetoreduceeddycurrentloss.它的内圆周上有2个大槽用来嵌放激磁绕组，22个小槽（实际用24个）用来嵌放电枢绕组。Therearetwolargeslotsonitsinnercircumferencetoembedtheexcitingwindingsand22smallslotstoembedthearmaturewindings.它的外周上有6个鸠尾槽，两端有定子端板和定子压圈各一块。Ithassixdovetailgroovesontheoutercircumferenceandoneeachofastatorendplateandstatorpressureringateachend.它是将定子冲片、端板及压圈叠压紧密后在鸠尾槽上插入夹片，夹牢后焊固而成为一个整体。Itisthestatorpunch,endplateandpressureringstackedtightlyinthedove-tailgrooveafterinsertingtheclip,clampedandweldedtobecomeawhole.1.3转子转子的作用当旋转时改变了发电机气隙中的磁通密度，使电枢绕组中产生感应电势。Whentherotorrotates,themagneticfluxdensityintheairgapofthegeneratorischanged,andtheinducedpotentialisgeneratedinthearmaturewinding.转子由转轴和转子铁心组成。Therotoriscomposedofshaftandrotorironcore.转子铁心也采用硅钢片冲片叠压而成，单面涂绝缘漆。Rotorironcoreisalsoformedbythepressofsiliconsteelpunchingsheet,Onesidecoatedwithinsulatingvarnish.转子冲片的外圆周上均布有6个凸齿和凹槽。Therearesixconvexteethandgroovesontheoutercircumferenceoftherotorpunching.转子的轴用45号碳素钢旋制而成，轴上开有一个沿轴向倾斜1°10’的斜键槽。TheshaftoftherotorisspunfromNo.45carbonsteelwithaslopingkeywayinclined1°10'intheaxialdirection.转子组装时冲片沿斜键套装在轴上，使转子的凸齿成为斜齿，主要是为改善电机输出电势的波形，Whentherotorisassembledthepunchesaresetontheshaftalongtheobliquekey,sothattheconvexteethoftherotorbecomeobliqueteeth,mainlyfortheimprovementofthewaveformoftheoutputpotentialofthemotor.使之接近正弦波，同时也减少了电机的附加损耗和噪声。Itmakesitclosetosinusoidalwaveformandalsoreducestheadditionallossandnoiseofthemotor.1.4激磁绕组和电枢绕组用以产生发电机的主磁场，由两个线圈串联组成，每个线圈用φ1.25mm的高强度漆包线两根并绕150匝。Theexcitingwindingisusedtogeneratethemainfieldofthegenerator,whichiscomposedoftwocoilsinseries.Eachcoilwinds150turnswithtwohigh-strengthenameledwiresofφ1.25mmbyusingthemethodofparallelwinding.激磁绕组Excitingwinding激磁绕组中通入直流电产生发电机工作主磁通。Themainfluxofthegeneratorisgeneratedbythedirectcurrentintheexcitingwinding.激磁绕组的2个线圈放在定子铁心的两个大槽内，嵌好后用铝制的槽楔楔紧。The2coilsoftheexcitationwindingareplacedintwolargeslotsinthestatorcore,embeddedandthenwedgedtightlywithslotwedgesmadeofaluminum.两线圈采用顺向串接，通入电流后它们产生的磁通方向相同。Thetwocoilsareconnectedinseriesintheforwarddirection,andtheyproducefluxinthesamedirectionwhencurrentispassedthroughthem.1.4激磁绕组和电枢绕组（又称工作绕组）的作用是产生感应电势并向外输出电能。Theroleofthearmaturewinding(alsoknownastheworkingwinding)istogenerateinducedpotentialandoutputelectricalenergyoutwards.电枢绕组Armaturewinding它共有12个线圈，每4个接成一相。Ithasatotalof12coils,everyfourcoilsareconnectedintoaphase.24V供电时每4个线圈并联，48V供电时每2个线圈先串联后再并联。Whenthepowersupplyvoltageis24V,every4coilsareconnectedinparallel,andwhenthepowersupplyvoltageis48V,every2coilsareconnectedinseriesandthenconnectedinparallel.电枢绕组的12个线圈嵌放在定子铁心的小槽内，并用石蜡煮过的竹制槽楔楔紧。The12coilsofthearmaturewindingareembeddedinsmallslotsinthestatorironcoreandwedgedtightlywithbambooslotwedgeswhichareboiledinparaffin.1.5端盖、轴承盖及轴承发电机有前后端盖各一个,每一盖上装有轴承及轴承内外盖。Thegeneratorhasafrontandrearendcover,eachcoverisequippedwithabearingandabearinginnerandoutercover.端盖及轴承内外盖都由HT18-36灰铸铁铸造而成。EndcapsandbearinginnerandoutercapsarecastfromHT18-36graycastiron.内外轴承用螺钉固定在端盖上，前后轴承盖上均设有注油孔。Theinnerandouterbearingsarescrewedtotheendcaps,andthefrontandrearbearingcapsareequippedwithoilinjectionholes.前轴承用32311型滚柱轴承，后轴承采用309型滚珠轴承。端盖是电机轴和轴承的支座,同时对电机具有密封和散热作用。Theendcoverplateisthesupportseatoftheelectro-motorshaftandbearing.Atthesametime,ithassealingandheatdissipationeffectonthegenerator.02发电机的工作原理Howageneratorworks二、J5型发电机的工作原理发电机工作时，转子不断旋转，通过电枢绕组的主磁通发生变化，磁通随着转子凸齿的旋转而运动，因此电枢绕组切割磁力线而产生交流感应电动势。Whenthegeneratorisworking,therotorrotatescontinuously,andthemainfluxofthearmaturewindingchanges.Themagneticfluxmoveswiththerotationoftherotorconvexteeth,sothearmaturewindingcutsthemagneticlineofforceandproducesACinducedelectromotiveforce.二、J5型发电机的工作原理其基本工作原理是:当激磁绕组内通过直流电流时，电机内产生主磁道，磁力线经过定子齿气隙转子齿气隙定子齿而构成磁路。属于交流感应子发电机TheJ5typegeneratorbelongstotheACinductorgenerator.J5型发电机J5typegeneratorItsbasicworkingprincipleisthatwhendirectcurrentpassesthroughtheexcitingwinding,themagneticmastertrackisgeneratedinthemotor,andthemagneticlineofforcepassesthroughthestatorteeth→airgap→rotorteeth→airgap→st