高考英语语法复习：八种状语从句的用法

高考英语语法复习：八种状语从句的用法状语从句状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、方式、结果、条件、让步等八种。一、时间状语从句：引导词有after，before，as，once，since，till，until，when，whenever，while，assoonas，themoment/minute…(一…就)，thetime,theday,everytime,nexttime,eachtime，bythetimeof，nosooner…than(一…就)，hardly…when(一…就).例如：Each/Everytimehecomeshere,hewilldropinonme.每次他来这儿他都顺便看我.HewasilllasttimeIsawhim.上次我见到他时他病了.Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshecried.她一听到这个消息就哭了.[辨析]when与whilewhen引导的从句动词可以是延续性的或短暂性的，while引导的从句中动词必须是延续性的;在“be…when…”句式中when表“atthattime(就在这时)”意，这样用的when不能换为while;while有时并不表示时间，而表示对比，意“而”、“却”，when无这样的用法。例如：WhenIgothomeIfoundthedoorlocked./While(或When)wewereworkinginthefields,itsuddenlybegantorain./Hewaswanderingthroughthestreetswhenabikehithim./Hispencilisred,whilemineisyellow.[辨析]till与until一般情况下可以互换，但until可以位于句首，till则不能。例如：Untilitstopsraining，thechildrencantgoout.雨停了，孩子们才能出去.=Notuntiltherainstopscanthechildrengoout.二、地点状语从句引导词有where，wherever.例如：Illgowhereverthepeoplewantmetogo.(wherever=toanyplacewhere)Heworkswherehisgrandfatherfought.(where=intheplacewhere)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(Where=Intheplacewhere)三、原因状语从句引导词有because,since,as,now(that)(既然)回答以why提出的问题时，只能用because,而不能用as等。since=now(that),表“既然”意，表示已知的或明显的原因，由此加以推论。例如：Nowthat/Sinceyouarefreetoday,youmayhavearestathomeorgooutforawalk.for是一个并列连词，用来连接两个并列句，引导的句子是对前面一句话的内容的推测或补充说明。例如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet./Thedayhasbroken,forthebirdsaresinging.(这两句中的for都不可换为because或as,since等。)四、目的状语引导词有sothat,inorderthat,that,incase(免得，以防)。目的状语从句谓语常含有can/could/may/might/will/would等情态动词。例如：Heranasfastaspossibleinorderthathecouldcatchthebus./PleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrowincaseIforget.请明天再提醒我一下，以免我忘记。五、方式(或比较)状语从句引导词有as,asif,asthough,than,as/so…as,themore…themore.例如：Tomisnotso/astallasJohn./Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain./HerunsfasterthanI.注：as…as既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句，so…as只能用于否定句。六、结果状语从句引导词有so…that,such…that,sothat.例如：1.Heworkssohardthathemakesgreatprogressinhisstudies.2.Itssuchadifficultproblemthatnobodycanworkitout.3.TheresnotanynoiseheresothatIfeelverycomfortable.第3个例句中sothat从句不是目的状语从句，从结构上看没有can,may等情态动词，从意思上看Ifeelverycomfortalbe是Theresnotanynoise的结果.七、条件状语从句引导词有if,unless,as/solongas,onconditionthat,incase(如果)等，从句的时态用一般现在时(含现在完成时)，一般过去时(含过去完成时)分别代替一般将来时和过去将来时。例如：Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwontgothere./Hesaidhewouldnotgobackhomeunlesshehadachievedalot./Illstudysolongas.Imalive./Incasehecome,letmeknow.如果他来的话，告诉我一声。If引导的条件句可以是真实性条件句，也可以是非真实性条件句(用于虚拟语气)八、让步状语从句引导词有though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,whoever,whatever,however,nomatter+what/who/when/…等。例如：Though/Althoughheisill,hestillgoestoschool./Shestartedherexperiment,eventhoughshehadlittlemoney./Whateveryoufound,youmustturnitin./Howeverhardheworked,hehardlymadeanyprogress.as作“尽管”意时，一般将其句中的表语放在句首，例如：Youngasheis,heknowsalot.=Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.若表语为名词，冠词要省略，例如：Childas/thoughheis,hehasrememberedalotofEnglishwords.(此句中though不可换为although)although或though不能与but同时出现在一个复合句中，但是“Although/Though…，(and)yet…”句式却是正确的。例如：Althoughitisrainingheavily,yettheyarerepairingthebridge.状语从句考点分析1.IfyougotoXian,youwillfindthepalacestheremoremagnificentthancommonly.(上海高考)A.supposingB.supposedC.tosupposeD.suppose析：than后实际上是一个比较状语从句的省略式，其完整形式是thantheyarecommonlysupposed.所以答案为B.2.Wewontgiveupweshouldfailtentimes.(NMET)A.evenifB.sinceC.whetherD.until析：观察题干，空白处应填一表“即使”之意的词，故应选A.3.-Whatwasthepartylike?-Wonderful.ItsyearsIenjoyedmyselfsomuch.(NMET)A.afterB.whenC.beforeD.since析：答话者既然说“Wonderful”,那么后面的话必然是对此作进一步的补充说明，只有选D项才能表达“我多年未曾这么开心过了”意思。注意这儿的since从句中谓语动词enjoyed是延续动词，该句相当于Ihaventenjuedmyselfsomuchforyears.4.Johnplaysfootball,ifnotbetterthan,David.(NMET)A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas析：ifnotbetterthan是插入语，可将其撇开，这时空白处要填aswellas才能与David相连接，D项在此不可用(so…as只能用于否定句)。A、C两项皆少as，故答案为B。5.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,greatitis.(NMET)A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whatever析：观察题目，可知空白处要填一词与great合表“无论多大”意。而however=nomatterhow,与great一起正好表此意，其余项都不能表这意思。故答案为C。6.MotherwasworriedbecauselittleAlicewasill,especiallyFatherwasawayinFrance.(NMET)A.asB.thatC.duringD.if析：首先可以排除C，因为during是介词，不能引导从句。B项that,D项if都不能引导原因状语，故只能选A、as表“因为”。7.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,,infactIwastalkingaboutmydanughter.A.whomB.whereC.whichD.while析：空白处需填一个表示转折对比的连词，while可表“而”、“却”意，故答案为D.8.IadmithisgoodpointsIcanseehisbadones.A.whenB.asC.whileD.before析：若选A、B或D，admit应改为admitted，can应改为could,因为when,as表示“当…的时候”before表“在…之前”，通常涉及过去某时发生的动作、情况.此题选C，while在此不表“当…的时候”意，而表“虽然、尽管”意。全句意思是“尽管我承认他的优点，我还是看到他的缺点”。状语从句专练1.IgettoPairs,Illcallyouupattheairport.A.SinceB.WhileC.OnceD.Altough2.theheadmastercomes,wewontdiscussthisplan.A.UnlessB.IfnotC.ExceptD.Whether3.Billmusthavebeenawayfromtheoffice.howmanytimesIphonedhim,nobodyansweredit.A.WhateverB.NomatterC.InspiteofD.Though4.IhadbeentoBeijinglongyouvisitedit.A.beforeB.tillC.afterD.when5.,heisgoodatdrawing.A.TobeachildB.AchildasheisC.AsachildD.Childasheis6.Dontbediscouragedyouhavefallenbehindothers.A.whetherB.asifC.evenifD.however7.Wecangetthereontimethecardoesntbreakdown.A.whileB.aslongasC.sothatD.evenif8.Thevaseontheleftisthantheoneontheright,andnot.A.morenicer;soexpensiveB.muchmorebetter;asexpensiveC.nicer;asexpensiveD.better;suchexpensive9.Itwasntlonghejoinedthejob.A.thatB.beforeC.untilD.and10.Theseplanescanflythantheoldones.A.asfastthreetimesB.threetimesasfastC.threetimesfastD.threetimesfaster11.hadthebellrungthestudentstooktheirseats.A.Hardly;whenB.Nosooner;whenC.Hardly;thanD.Nosooner;then12.manytimes，buthestillcouldntunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.ThoughhadbeentoldC.HewastoldD.Havingtold13.wehavecome,letsstayandenjoyit.A.ForB.AsC.BecauseD.Since14.Youdbetterdoyouarerequired.A.likeB.whichC.thatD.as15.thatnoneofuscouldfollowhim.A.HespokeveryfastB.SofasthespokeC.ToofasthespokeD.Sofastdidhespeak16.Illstartearly,itmaybedark.A.howeverB.whetherC.ifD.though17.thebabyfellasleeptheroom.A.After;didthemotherleaveB.Notuntil;didthemotherleaveC.Notuntil;themotherleftD.Soonafter;themotherhadleft18.thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.AsD.While19.Hecanthavegoneout,thelightisstillon.A.becauseB.sinceC.asD.for20.IwaswalkingalongtheriverIheardacryforhelp.A.whileB.sinceC.whenD.as21.Weshouldntdothatdangerousexperimenttheteacheriswithas.A.ifnotB.ifC.unlessD.aslongas22.Hehaslittleeducationheisunabletofindajob.A.such;thatB.so;andC.so;thatD.such;and23.Thesoldierwaswounded，hepushedon.A.forB.andC.soD.yet24.Thefullletterreadsfollows.A.likeB.asC.thatD.which25.Willyougoourmotherlandneedsusmostaftergraduation?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.totheplacewhich26.Thisisarevisionpaper.Whenyoudoit,youdbettermakeamarkyouhavequestions.A.whereB.theplaceC.asifD.since27.Waterpowerstationarebuiltbigwaterfalls.A.wherethereareB.wheretherehaveC.whichhasD.whichare28.IamsureIllmeetkind-heartedmanIgo.A.whereB.totheplacewhereC.whereverD.theplace29.Sheissogoodatplayingtable-tennisthatshecanhittheballshewantsittogo.A.theplacewhereB.thatC.inwhichD.where30.Itwashismothercameintopreparehislessons.A.notuntil;didtheboybeginB.until;thattheboybeganC.until;didtheboybeginD.notuntil;thattheboybegan状语从句专练答案：1-5CABAD6-10CBCBD11-15ACDDD16-20DBCDC21-25CCDBB26-30AACDD常用动词搭配△含break词组：1.breakawayfrom摆脱、逃掉、改掉、断绝来往。例：Thelittleboybrokeawayfromhismotherandranaway.2.breakdown损坏、身体衰弱。例：Thecarbrokedown.3.breakin闯入、插嘴。vi.例：Dontbreakinwhenothersarespeaking.4.breakinto闯入、打断，突然开始。例：Theybrokeintothehouse.5.breakout爆发、发生。例：Aquarrelbrokeoutbetweenthem.△含call词组：1.callfor叫(某人)，接(某人)，要求、需要。例：Illcallforyoutomorrowmorning.2.callin召集、召来。例：Wedbettercallinadoctor.3.callon/upon访问、探望(某人)、号召。例：Icalledonhimyesterday.4.callat访问、探望(某处)。例：Ihopetocallatyourofficesomeday.5.callup给…打电话、使人想起。例：Thepicturecallsupscenesofmychildhood.△含catch词组1.catch/take/getholdof握、抓住。例：Hecaughtholdofthepigsear.2.catchsightof=see看到、发现。例：Thelittlegirlcriedassoonasshecaughtsightofhermother.3.catchupwith赶上。例：Hetriedtocatchupwithhisclassmates.△含come词组1.comealong一起来，来到、快点。例：Comealong,orwellbeeback回来，恢复知觉、复活、被回忆起来。例：Whenhecamebackhefoundhimeselftiedtoaedown下来，下降、跌价。例：Idontthinkthepriceofmeatwillein进来。eon/upon快点、赶快、进展、进行、偶遇。6.comeout出来、出版。例：Themagazinecomesouteto到达、谈到、涉及、合计、总计。8.comeup走过来、走近、长出、发芽。例：Theseedshasntcomeupyet.△cost，spend，pay，take1.cost句型：sth.costmoney/time;sth.costsb.time/money/劳力2.spend句型：表“花费时”：sb.spendtime/money