2023-2024学年新教材高中英语Unit4Livingwithtechnology素养培优练（一）牛津译林版选择性

素养培优练（一）Ⅰ.阅读理解[2023·浙江校联考阶段练习]ATheEastAfricancountryKenyaisknownforitsamazingwildlife,especiallylions.However,overthelasttenyearsthepopulationoftheanimalshasdecreased（减少）from10,000tojustover2,000.Mostwerekilledbypoachers（偷猎者）,andsomebigcatsalsofallvictim（受害者）tothelocalpeopletryingtosavetheircattle.Ayoungboyhelpedchangethesituation.ElevenyearoldRichardTurerewasinchargeofhisfamily'sherdofcattle.TheonlyproblemwasthattheirlandhappenedtobelocatednearNairobiNationalPark,homeofthelargestnumberoflionsintheworld.Asaresult,thefamilyoftenwatchedhelplesslyasthehungrycatsdraggedoffoneoftheircows,sheeporgoats,especiallyinthemiddleofthenightwhentherewasnooneonwatch.Richarddecidedhehadtodosomethingtodealwiththesituation.Onethingtheyoungboyobservedwasthatwheneveraguardwaswalkingaroundwithaflashlight,thebigcatskeptawaybecause,believeitornot,theyareafraidofhumans.So,hedecidedtocreateanautomated（自动的）flashlight.Tomakesurethatthecattledidnotgetdisturbed,thelightswereallplacedoutwardintothedarknessandflashcontinuously,sothatitappearedtothecatsasthoughsomeonewaswalkingaroundthefarmtheentirenight.Inthelasttwoyears,Richard'slionlightmethodhasbeenprotectinghisherdandhisneighbors',andnoonehasbeenlosttothelions.Thebestnewsofall,however,isthattheeducatorsatBrookhouseInternationalSchoolinNairobiweresoimpressedbywhatRichardcoulddowithnoaccesstobooksortechnicalhelpand,yes,noInternet,thattheydecidedtoprovidehimwiththenecessaryskills,byofferinghimafullscholarship.Richard,ofcourse,desirestobeanengineer!1.Duringthelasttenyears,thelionsinKenya.A.havebeenreducedbyabout80% B.havebeendrivenawaytoothercountriesC.havelivedinpeacewithhumans D.havebeenwellprotectedbyhumans2.WhatarethelionsafraidofaccordingtoRichard'sobservation?A.Thedarkness. B.Thelights. C.Machines. D.Humanbeings.3.WhichwordcanbestdescribeRichard?A.Proud. B.Clever. C.Shy. D.Brave.4.WhatwillRicharddonextprobably?A.Savemoneytogotoschool.B.Learnbyhimselfwhilewatchinghiscattle.C.StudyatBrookhouseInternationalSchool.D.Learnsomenecessaryskillsfromanengineer.[2023·山西运城统考期末]BHowcanhumansbeeimmortal（永生的）?Youmighthaveonlyseentheideaofuploadingthehumanbraintoadigitalcloudinsciencefictionmovies.ElonMusk,TeslaCEO,hasalreadydoneso.ThesecretwasrevealedwhenaquestionpostedonTwittercaughthisattention.“Ifyoucoulduploadyourbraintothecloud,andtalktoavirtualversionofyourself,wouldyoubebuddies?”MuskrepliedonJuly19,“Alreadydidit.”ThereplyindicatedthatMusk'sbrainputerinterface（接口）pany,Neuralink,hadalreadyrealizedthetechnology,accordingtoXinhua.NeuralinkwasfoundedbyMuskin2016.Thepanyfocusesonbrainputerinterfacetechnologywhichisusedtoconnectthebraintoadigitalnetwork.Itisdevelopingdevicesforthetreatmentofpatientswithneurologicaldisorders（神经障碍）.Inotherwords,thepanyaimstocreatelinksbetweenmindandmachine,accordingtoPsychologyToday.Sohowdobrainputerinterfaceswork?putersdesignedtolearnthepatternsofneuralactivityareusedtoextractinformationfromhumanbrains.Forexample,ifapersonimaginespickingupabook,theputerwouldthenlearntoidentifyhowthebraingivesthatmand.Next,theputerwouldsendthesignaltothemachine,whichwouldthenmovearoboticarmtoreachforthebook.UploadingabrainisonlypartofMusk'splan.HerevealedtoInsiderthathisgoalistodownloadhumanconsciousnessintorobots.Justlikehowourmemoriesarestoredinmobilephonesthroughpicturesandvideos,Muskimaginesthatourbrains—notonlyhowwethink,butalsoourpersonalitiesandhabits—canbetransferredintorobots.Inthisway,evenafterourbodiesdecay（腐朽）,ourbrainsarepreserved.Someexpertsbelievethatthiscouldbeachievableoneday,butthetimelineisunclear.“Themostwildlyoptimisticpredictionsplaceminduploadingwithinafewdecades,butIwouldnotbesurprisedifittookcenturies,”wroteMichaelS.A.Graziano,aprofessoratPrincetonUniversity,inaWallStreetJournalessay.5.WhatdoesNeuralinkfocuson?A.Studyinghowtoconnectthebraintoputers.B.Offeringanewmeansofmunication.C.Revealingsecretsconcerningbrains.D.Helpingpeopleliveforever.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extract”inParagraph4mean?A.Send. B.Identify. C.Get. D.Extend.7.Whatdoweknowaboutthebrainputerinterfacetechnology?A.Ithasbeenwidelyusedinthetreatmentofpatientswithneurologicaldisorders.B.Itwouldsoonbeabletodownloadhumanconsciousnessintorobots.C.ItwasinspiredbyatoughquestionpostedonTwitter.D.Itallowsuserstomoveobjectswiththeirminds.8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Anadvancedtechnology. B.Anoutstandinginventor.C.Ashockingnewsstory. D.Ascientificstudy.Ⅱ.七选五FindtheMissingThingsQuicklyLosingsomethingcanbeworrying.Thenhowtofinditinashorttime?Widenyoursearchrangetoalargerarea.Ifyourmissingitemisn'tinthespotwhereyouusuallykeepit,it'stimetosearchinalargerarea.Searchafewinchesoutfromthespotwhereyoustartedandseeiftheitemturnsup.1Keepwideningyoursearcharealittlebylittleuntilyoufindwhatyou'relookingfor.Cleanupthearea.Sometimes,evenexpandingthesearchareadoesn'thelpyoufindwhatyou'relookingfor.Unfortunately,there'susuallyonlyonesolutionifthathappens—you'vegottodosomecleaning.2Tidyuptheareatogetridofanyclutter（杂乱的东西）andyourmissingitemjustmayturnup.3Sometimes,youmaythinkyou'velostsomethingwhensomeoneelsejustborrowedormovedit.Askanyonewho'sbeenaroundtheitemifthey'veseenitorknowwhereitis.Ifyoukeeplosingitemsbecausefriends,family,orcoworkersarealways“borrowing”them,don'tfeelbadabouttellingthemtoaskbeforetheytakeanything.4Visitthelostandfoundinpubliclocations.Ifyouloseyouritematastore,restaurant,orotherpublicplaces,youcangetluckyifsomeoneelsefindsitforyou.Headtothelostandfoundtoaskifyouritem'sbeenturnedin.5Thatway,theycangetintouchwithyouifitdoesshowup.A.Borrowsomeitemsfromyourfriends.B.Askfriends,coworkersorfamilymembers.C.That'stheonlywaytokeeptrackofyouritem.D.Ifyouritemisn'tthere,leaveyourcontactinformation.E.You'reprobablygoingtomisstheiteminamessyroom.F.Describetheitemandaskyourfriendstohelpyoufinditinotherplaces.G.Ifyoustilldon'tfindwhatyou'relookingfor,expandyoursearchareaagain.Ⅲ.完形填空IhavestayedattheOprylandHotelmanytimes.Anditalways1me.EverytimeIvisit,it2meofanamusementpark.Theinterior（内部）ofthehotelfeaturesthreebiggardens.I3thereareatleast10,000plants.Flowersgrowfromthesidesoftreesandlush（繁茂的）plantsgiveanalmost4feel.Onarecentvisit,Icaughtadifferentglimpse.Iarrived5foramediainterviewinanareathatprovidedagreat6oftheindoorgardens,soIhadtowait.Isatdownand7thebeauty.Inoticedthemovementamongthelushplants.Oneofthehotelgardenerswas8—cuttingoffbrownleaves,diggingupdeadplants,andreplantingnewones.Shetookgreatcareoverwhatevershedid.Shelookedso9inthemiddleofthosegiantplants.It10tomethatsheprobablydidn'tthinkwhatshewasdoingwasabig11.Shewasjustdoingherjob,andallshecould12wasthatlittlesection.Butbecauseshediditwell,thatpartofthegardenlookedbeautifulandhealthy.Ittakesmanypeopletokeepthosegardenslookingso13.Andwhenallofthemdotheirjobs,folkslikemeare14toavisualfeastandarelaxing15.It'sthesamewithus.Somedaysthingscanseemrepetitiveordull.Buthereisthething:Justperformthosetasksfaithfully!1.A.escapesfrom B.caresabout C.appealsto D.dependson2.A.reminds B.convinces C.informs D.robs3.A.agree B.doubt C.hope D.guess4.A.history B.jungle C.plain D.mountain5.A.early B.instantly C.late D.hurriedly6.A.service B.name C.explanation D.view7.A.forgot B.enjoyed C.created D.shared8.A.working B.waiting C.observing D.thinking9.A.tall B.lucky C.tiny D.simple10.A.happened B.occurred C.jumped D.got11.A.goal B.incident C.garden D.deal12.A.see B.sell C.show D.use13.A.international B.lovely C.meaningful D.funny14.A.introduced B.referred C.invited D.treated15.A.environment B.game C.activity D.factor素养培优练（一）Ⅰ.阅读理解1.A[解析]细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知，在过去的十年里，肯尼亚狮子的数量由10,000头减少到2,000多头，因此在过去的十年里狮子的数量减少了约百分之八十。2.D[解析]细节理解题。由第三段中“theyareafraidofhumans”可知，Richard通过自己的观察判断，狮子害怕人类。3.B[解析]推理判断题。通读全文可知，虽然Richard只有11岁，但他通过观察狮子的习性做出了自己的判断并研究出驱赶狮子的方法。这一过程中展现出了他的观察力、思考力和行动力，clever可概括其特点。4.C[解析]推理判断题。由最后一段可知，Richard获得了以全额奖学金在BrookhouseInternationalSchool求学的机会，而他也梦想成为工程师。由此推知，他会去该学校求学。【语篇导读】小男孩Richard通过自己的观察和思考找到了驱赶狮子的方法，既保护了家畜，又让狮子免遭牧民的杀害，可谓一举两得。5.A[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，这家公司主要研究如何将大脑连接到网络上。6.C[解析]词义猜测题。根据画线单词下一句所举例子可知，计算机是从大脑中提取信息。故extract与get意思接近。7.D[解析]推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句可知，如果一个人想象拿起一本书，计算机就会学会识别大脑是如何发出命令的。接下来，计算机将向机器发送信号，然后机器将移动机械臂去拿书。由此可推断，这项技术意味着我们可以通过自己的思维来移动物体。8.A[解析]主旨大意题。浏览全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项新技术——脑机接口技术。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究成果，脑机接口技术已经实现。Ⅱ.七选五1.G[解析]本段建议我们扩大搜索范围,而且该空前后的内容都与扩大搜索范围有关。因此,G项（如果你仍然没有找到你要找的东西,再次扩大你的寻找范围）承上启下,符合该段语境。2.E[解析]下一句提到清理杂物,你丢失的物品可能就会出现。E项指出在杂乱的房间你可能注意不到丢失的东西,引出下文,符合语境。3.B[解析]下文提到有时东西被他人借走时,你或许认为你把东西弄丢了,并建议我们问一下其他人有没有看到你丢失的东西。因此,B项（问朋友、同事或家人）能够概括本段主旨。4.C[解析]上一句提到如果你的朋友、家人或同事总是擅自拿走你的东西,告诉他们在拿走任何东西前要请求你的许可。C项紧承上文