2024年北京首师大附中高三（上）10月月考英语试题及答案

2024北京首都师大附中高三10月月考英语2024.10第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.515分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。MyfriendshipwiththestudentsinaprimaryschoolinUgandastartedonashakyground.The1_____ofnotbeingunderstoodwashiddenwithin,theyspokealanguagedifferentfromthatofmineandminetoofellondeafears.Igreetedthemwithawidesmile,andIspoketheyrepliedwithicecold2_____.Areminderechoedmymind:youmustlivethroughittogettothem.SoIgaveitanotherIspoke3_____Englishwithhandgesturesandabitofdancing.Ifallfailed,thesmilewould4_____.Soonwepickedupandthenthe5_____ofthelearnerscameintoAtthementionofaname,tremblesandfacecoveringweretheresponseIgot.Idecidedto6_____adeskwithateameachdayduringgroupworkgetAfterschoo1,1accompaniedthemhome.7____,webecamefriends.Theywereevenawareoffavoritefruit,avocado.IfIdidn'tgetoneondesk,would8_____mewhereverIwas.Myslipperswerewornout.OnenightIleftthemoutasnoonecouldstealapairofslippersinthatstate.Thenextmorning,IwasreadydragmyslippersonasusualandIwassurprisedtheyhadbeen9_____.Thelittlethingswedoforeachotherbringusgreatjoyandwarmth.don'thaveaproperspokenlanguage,butwearefluentinthelanguageof10_____.1.A.angerB.fearB.blameC.confusionC.commentD.disappointmentD.silence2.A.agreement3.A.simple4.A.turnup5.A.shyness6.A.clearB.B.breakB.lazinessB.shareC.academicC.takeoverC.lonelinessC.searchD.unusualDfadeawayD.calmnessD.exchangeD.Gradually7.A.Suddenly8.A.hiB.ObviouslyB.findC.AccidentallyC.catchC.repairedC.friendshipD.huntD.abandonedD.confidence9.A.packed10.A.sympathyB.cleanedB.admiration第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.515分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AAIsnotonlyspeeduptediouswork,theyhelptoopenupnewfieldsofscientificresearch.Forexample,using(collect)experimentaldata,scientistshavetaughtAIspredictthe3Dstructureof“foldedproteins”（折thebuildingblocksoflife,withatomicprecision.Previousscientistscouldn'ttellhowaproteinchemistrydetermineditsfoldedstructure.Thisproblemwassocomplexthatitremainedunderwayfordecades.12_____(understand)hastransformedmedicalresearchandacceleratedtheprocessofdevelopingnewdrugs.BThephilosopherLudwigthataperson'sthoughtswerelikeobjectsaclosedbox-abox13_____couldonlybe"seen"intobyoneself.canneverknowwhatanotherpersonisreallythinkingaboutorexactlywhatthingsmeantothem,sincetheboxisclosedus.Amachineintelligence,could14_____(examine)waysahumanmindcannot.Ifamachinesaiditwasthinkingofabeetle,itsprogrammingcouldbeexposed-"openingthebox"-toshowprecisely15_____itmeantby"beetle".Suchdevelopmentmight,inturn,shedlightonthemechanismsofhumanconsciousnessandthinking.C20%ofglobalcarbondioxideemissionscausedbytransport,andthereisahugeunderwaymakethesectorThismeans16_____(have)fewerfossilfuelburningvehiclesandmoreofthosepoweredbyelectricityormoresustainablefuels.pushsustainabilityalsoinvolvesusingtechnology17_____(connect)peopleandtransport,makingthemostuseofvehicles,fuelandinfrastructureandenablingashiftawayfromunnecessaryvehicleownership.arebecomingsmarter-collecting,analyzingandsharingdatatomakejourneysfasterandSelf-drivingcarsareappearingonourroadswhileaerial（空中的）andunderwaterdronesaretakingonawiderrangeofjobs.DThreelocationsinChina18_____(include)inthelistof"TheSecond100IUGSGeologicalHeritageSites"bytheInternationalUnionofGeologicalSciencesGuilinKarst,thePermianvegetationoftheFossilSiteandtheDashanpuMiddleJurassicDinosaurFossilsSitewereincludedthelist.TheIUGSsaidaGeologicalHeritageSiteisasignificantlocation_____19_____exceptionalgeologicalfeaturesandofutmostscientificimportance.Beingincludedonthislistmeansthattheselocationspossessthehighestresearchvalueandscientificlevelinthefieldofgeology_____20_____(globe).第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共小题；每小题2分，共分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADearSmith,IamseekinganopportunitytoworkDestinyasaComputerSystemsprofessionalexperienceandawarenessofyourhighreputationandgreatachievementshaveledmewantSince1998Ihavefocusedoncomputer-systemdesignandtraining.AsSystemsAdministratorforNewportMuseumforthepasttwoyears,Ihavedirectedaccounting,capital-campaignandpublicationproduction.designedthesystemfromscratch,developingallapplications,policies,procedures,andtrainingprograms.IwaswellpreparedsuchachallengebypreviouspositionsaSystemsSupportSpecialistandMicroComputerAssistantfortheImperialCorporationofAmerica.Overtheyears,IhaveworkedwithNovell,usingprogramsincludingdBase,andMicrosoftThisfamiliaritywithavarietyofhardwareandsoftwarehashelpedmegetupspeedonnearlyanycomputerwithaminimumtrainingperiod.AdditionalexperienceinotherfieldsalsoaddsvaluetoAsaMarketResearchCoordinatorforCushman&ofCalifornia,InotonlyresearchedandmaintainedacomprehensivedatabaseofSiliconbutalsoproducedstatisticalandwrittenreportsthatsupportCushman&reputation.IorganizedcompanywideannualsalesmeetingsforInc.Smith,whilethisexperiencemorethanqualifiestojoinanynumberofsuccessfulcompanies,itismypersonalgoalsthatleadtointerestinbeingpartoftheDestinyteam.Ibelievemypromotional,andorganizationalskills,fueledbymybeliefs,makeDestinyandmerightforeachCanwearrangeinterviewatyourearliestconvenience?Iwillcallwithinthenextweekarrangeameeting.BethHenning21.BethHennine'sworkexperiencesinclude_____A.MicroComputerAssistantforNovellB.SystemsAdministratorNewportMuseumC.SystemsSupportSpecialistforDestinyD.ComputerSystemsManagerforCorporationofAmerica22.WhileworkingwithCushman&ofCalifornia,Beth'sworkinvolved_____.A.trainingnewworkersB.maintainingadatabaseC.salesmeetingsD.developingcompanypolicies23.BethHenningprovesherselfqualifiedthepositionmainlyby_____A.stressingherpersonalitystrengthsC.listingrelevantexperiencesandskillsB.promisinghervaluethecompanyD.expressingastronginterestinthecompanyBThislittleSouthAmericanMagellanicpenguinswims5,000miles,abeachBrazil,everyyearordertobereunitedwiththemanwhosaveditslife.Itsoundslikesomethingoutofafairytale,butit'strue!71-year-oldretiredbrickworkerJoao,livesinislandvillagejustoutsideRiodeJaneiro,Brazil,foundthesmallMagellanicpenguinlyingonrockshislocalbeachinThepenguinwascoveredoilandrunningoutoftimefast.Joaorescuedthepenguin,namingitDin,cleanedtheoilitsfeathersandhimadailydietoffishrebuilditsstrength.AfteraweekofJoaoattemptedreleasethepenguinbackintothewild.Dinhadalreadyformedafamilybondwithhisrescuerandwouldn'tleave.“Hestayedwithmemonthsandthen,justafterhechangedhiscoatwithnewfeathers,hedisappeared,"Joaorecalls."Ilovethepenguinlikeit'smyownchildandIbelievethepenguinlovesme,”JoaotoldGlobo“Nooneelseallowedtotouchhim.Hepecks（啄）themiftheydo.Heliesonmylap,letsmegivehimshowers，andallowsmetofeedhim.”ProfessorKrajewski,abiologistinterviewedthefishermanforGloboTtoldIndependent:"Ihaveneverseenanythinglikethisbefore.IthinkthepenguinbelievesJoaoispartofhisfamilyandprobablyapenguinaswell."environmentalistswarnthat,whilehundredsoftheMagellanicspeciesareknownnaturallymigratethousandsofmilesnorthinsearchoffood,therehasbeenaworryingrisethephenomenonofoceaniccreatureswashinguponBrazil'sbeaches.ProfessorDavidZeefromRiodeJaneiro'sStatesaidtheincreaseisdueinpartglobalclimaticchanges.ProfessorZeeaddedthatseaanimalsfaceincreaseddangerfromleakedtankeroil.LuckilytheendingJoaoandhasbeenahappyone,eventhoughitisillegalinBrazilkeepwildanimalsaspets.ProfessorKrajewskisaid,“Professionalswhoworkwithanimalstryavoidrelationshipslikethisoccurringsotheyareablereintroducetheanimalintothewild.ButthissinglecasetheauthoritiesallowedstaywithJoaobecauseofhiskindness".24.EveryyearDinswimsalongdistancetoabeachinBrazilto_____A.avoidbeingkilledB.meethisrescuerD.findmuchmorefishC.escapefromoceancurrents25.WhenDinwasfoundin.A.hewasdying_B.hewasrunningonthebeachC.hewasrestingonarockD.hewascleaningoilhisfeathers26.WhatcanlearnaboutJoaofromthepassage?A.Hiskindnesswinsthepenguin'strust.B.Hiscontactwiththepenguinisencouragedprofessionals.C.Heoverprotectsthepenguinkeepinghimawayfromothers.D.Heisnotallowedtokeepthepenguinapetbytheauthorities.27.Thestorythepassagemainlyshows_____A.theenvironmentalimpactonwildlifeB.thelovebetweenhumansandwildlifeC.thetendencyofwildlifebondwithhumansD.theprotectionofthreatenedwildlifebymankindCWhatdoesitmeantoliveagoodlife?Thisquestionhasbeendebatedforcenturies.Inthefieldoftwomainconceptsofthegoodlifehavebeenquitepopular:Ahappylifefullofpleasureandpositiveemotions,andameaningfullifefullofpurposeandsacrifice.Butwhatifthesearen'ttheonlyoptions?Inrecentyears,along-neglectedversionofthegoodlifebeenreceivinggreaterattention:thepsychologicallyrichlife.Itisfullofcomplexmentalengagement,awiderangeofintenseanddeepemotions,anddiverse,novel,surprisingandinterestingexperiences.Sometimestheyareneitherpleasantnormeaningful.theyarerarelyboringormonotonous.Afterall,bothhappyandmeaningfullivescanbecomemonotonousandrepetitive.Apersonwithasteadyjob,marriedwithchildren,maybesatisfiedandfindhisorhermeaningfulandstillbeboredAlso,thepsychologicallyrichlifedoesn'tnecessarilyinvolveeconomicrichness.Forinstance,considerHesse'scharacterGoldmund,hasnomoneybutpursuesthelifeofafreespirit.Researchhasfoundpsychologicalrichnessisrelatedto,butpartiallydistinctfrom,bothhappyandmeaningfullives.PsychologicalrichnessisrelatedwithopennessexperienceandexperiencingbothpositiveandnegativeemotionsmoreButisthepsychologicallyrichlifeonethatpeopleactuallywant?InanewQishiandhiscolleaguesaskedpeopleinninecountriesthedegreewhichtheyvalueapsychologicallyrichlife,ahappylifeandameaningfullife.Theyfoundmanypeople'sself-describedideallivesinvolvepsychologicalrichness.Whenforcedchoosealife,themajoritychoseahappylifeandameaningfullife.Evenaminorityofpeoplestillfavoredthepsychologicallyrichlife,rangingfrom6.7%Singaporeto16.8%inThesenumberswentupthedesireforapsychologicallyrichlifewasmeasuredunderstandwhatapersonwishestheirlivesmighthavebeen,itisimportantexplorewhatpeoplewishtheyhadavoidedintheirlives.Whenaskedwhattheyregretmostandwhetherundoingthiseventwouldhavemadetheirlivesmoremeaningfulorpsychologicallyabout28%ofAmericanssaidundoingtheregrettableeventwouldhavemadetheirlivespsychologicallyThesefindingssuggestthatwhilemostpeoplestrivebehappyandhavemeaningtheirlives,asizablenumberofpeoplearecontentmerelylivingapsychologicallyrichexistence.AsOishiandhiscolleaguesconclude,believethattakingthepsychologicallyrichlifeseriouslywilldeepenandenrichourunderstandingofwell-being."Attheendofthethereisnoonesingularlyacceptablepathtothegoodlife.havetofindapaththatworksbestforyou.28.WhatdoesOishi'sresearchindicate?A.TheGermanspreferpsychologicalrichnessahappylife.B.Undoingregrettableeventshasenrichedmanypeople'slives.C.Ahiddendesireforpsychologicalrichnessexistsamongsomepeople.D.Peoplewithpsychologicalrichnesstendtodescribetheirlivesasideal.29.canlearnfromthepassagethat_____A.purposeoutweighspleasureintermssignificanceB.thechoiceofagoodlifefrompersontopersonC.apositivemindsethelpsusunderstandourwell-beingDweshouldneverbecontentandalwaysstriveforthebest30.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?A.compareconceptsofagoodlife.B.explainhowliveapsychologicallyrichlife.C.persuadepeopletoattainpsychologicalrichness.D.drawattentiontoalessfamiliarversionofagoodlife.DScientistsoftencomplainthatpeoplearenotrational（理性的）intheiroppositiontotechnologiessuchasnuclearpowerandgeneticallymodified(GM)crops.Fromastatisticalperspective,theseareveryandsopeople'sfearcanbeexplainedonlybyemotion,strengthenedbyignorance.Electricityfromnuclearpowerhasledtofarfewerdirectdeathsthanhascoalfiredyetmanypeopleareafraidofandhardlyanyoneisafraidofcoalplants.SimilarcanbemadeaboutGMcrops,whichstudieshaveshownaregenerallysafemostpeopleeat.Scientificilliteracy（无知）maybepartoftheproblem.Mostofusareafraidofthingswedon'tunderstand,andstudieshaveshownthatscientiststendbemoreacceptingofpotentiallyriskytechnologiesthanlaypeople.Thissuggeststhatwhenpeopleknowalotaboutsuchtechnologies,theyareusuallyreassured.Butthere'smoretotheissuethanmeetstheeye.Itistruethatmanyofusfeartheunknown,butitisalsotruethatwedon'tcareenoughaboutroutinerisks.Partoftheexplanationiscomplacency:wetendnottofeartheandthusfamiliaritycanleadusunderestimaterisk.TheinvestigationintotheDeepwaterHorizonblowoutandoilspillin2010showedthatcomplacency-amongexecutives,amongengineersandamonggovernmentofficials-wasamajorcauseofthatthefactthatexpertsareunworriedaboutathreatisnotnecessarilyreassuring.ScientistsalsomakeamistakewhentheyassumethatpublicconcernsarewhollyorevenmostlyaboutSomepeopleobjectGMcropsbecausethesecropsfacilitatetheincreaseduseofchemicals.OthershaveaproblemwiththesocialimpactsthatswitchingGMcanhaveontraditionalfarmingcommunitiesorwiththepoliticalimplicationsofleavingashareofthefoodsupplyinhandsofacorporations.Geoengineering（地球工程学）tolessentheimpactsofclimatechangeisanotherexample.Laypeopleaswellasscientistsmoreconcernedaboutoversight（监管）thanWhowilldecidewhetherthisisagoodtodealwithclimatechange?IfweundertaketheprojectofsettingtheglobaltemperaturebycontrollinghowmuchsunlightreachesEarth'ssurface,whowillbeincludedthat"we”andbywhatprocesswillthe“right"globaltemperaturebechosen?Canwesaywhichgroup'sviewisclosertoanaccurateassessment?31.Theunderlinedword“complacency"Paragraph3probablymeans_____A.overconfidenceB.predictionC.underestimationD.carelessness32.Theexampleofgeoengineeringisusedtothat_____A.safetyisnotthewholeconcernofthepublicB.geoengineeringishighlyrecognizedbyscientistsC.thepublicareunnecessarilytroubledbyclimatechangeD.lesseningtheimpactsofclimatechangeisagreatchallenge33.Whatcanlearnfromthepassage?A.Scientificilliteracyisamajorcauseofdisasters.B.safetyoftechnologiescanbeaccuratelyassessed.C.Scientistsmisjudgepeople'soppositiontechnologies.D.Peopleareunworriedaboutriskswithproperoversight.34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlethepassage?A.IgnoranceorSafetyB.WhoIsRationalAboutRiskD.ShouldScientistsHaveaSayinRiskC.WhyCan'tPeople第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。PoorSleepLoneliness:ACycle?Thefeelingofbeinglonelyisthesensethatyouhavelesssocialcontactwithothersthanyouwant.Itisnotquitethesameastheamountofsocialcontactyouhave.Somepeopledon'tengagethatoftenwithothers,buttheyareperfectlyfinewiththat,andsotheydon'tfeelalone._____35_____Beinglonelyisassociatedwithpoorerpsychologicalhealth.Oneareaofresearchhasfocusedspecificallyontherelationshipbetweenlonelinessandsleep.Thereareseveralinter-relatedquestions:Isfeelinglonelyrelatedthequalityofpeople'ssleep?Whataspectsofsleeparerelatedtoloneliness?doeslonelinesscausesleepproblems,ordodifficultieswithsleepingleadfeelingsofloneliness?_____36_____TherelationshipbetweenlonelinessandsleepwasexploredapaperbyMelanieHomandCaolChuintheSeptember2020issueofClinicalPsychologicalScience.Theyanalyzedthedataofpreviousstudiesrelatingsleepqualityfeelingsofloneliness._____37_____Thisrelationshipisstrongerinsomnia（失眠症）thansleepcomplaintslikenightmares.Inaddition,themorelonelinesspeopleexpress,thelesseffectivetheythinktheirsleepis.Althoughpoorsleepandlonelinessarecloselyrelated,itisharddeterminewhetherlonelinesscausessleepdifficultiesorthereverse（相反）._____38_____Itisbecauseyoucanlookseewhethersleepdifficultiesatonetimepredictlaterfeelingsoflonelinessorwhetherlonelinessearlyonpredictslatersleepdifficulties.sleepproblemspredictedlaterlonelinessandlonelinesspredictedlatersleepdifficulties.theconnectionbetweenearliersleepdifficultiesandlaterlonelinesswasgenerallystrongerthanthatbetweenearlierlonelinessandlatersleepdifficulties.Thispatternsuggeststhattheremaybeaviciouscycle,though,inwhichpoorsleepcanincreasefeelingsofloneliness,whichcaninturnincreasesleepdifficulties.Ifyouaresomeonehastroublesleeping,beawarethatpoorsleeplowersyourresilienceoverall.Amongotherthings,maymakeitharderforyoutoappreciatethesocialcontactsyouhave._____39_____Thataddedsocialengagementjustmighthaveapositiveimpactyourfuturesleep.A.Long-termstudiesthatfollowthesamepeopleovertimehelp.B.Ifyouhavedifficultyinsocialengagement,youmayfeelC.Otherpeoplemayspendalotoftimewithothers,butstilllongformore.D.Theseissuesareimportantbecausepoorsleepcanpsychologicalhealth.Esolvetheproblem,youshouldmonitoryoursleepingqualityandphysicalhealth.E.Ifyouhavetroublesleeping,tryspendingmoretimereachingoutfriendsandlovedones.G.Theresultsindicatethatmoresleepdifficultiespeopleexpresstheyhave,theloneliertheyfeel.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第题5分，共阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。DigitalInclusionforOlderAdultsAsaresearcherinthebehaviorofolderadults,Iregularlyhearcomplaintsfromthemlike,"I'mjustnotpartofthisworldanymore.IncertainpartsofIjustcan'tjoin...SomethingsjustarenotpossibleifyouarenotintheflowoftheInternet."orfeellikewe'restandingoutsideabuildingthatwehavenoaccessto."masteringdigitaltechnologyhasbecomeakeycomponentofwhatitmeanstofullyparticipateButoneareaparticularthreatenstopreventsomeolderadultsfrommakingconnections:thedigitaldivide.Asarecentstudyshows,one-thirdofadultsaged65andoldersaythey'veneverusedtheInternet,andhalfdon'thaveInternetaccessathome.OfthosedousetheInternet,nearlyhalfsaytheyneedsomeoneelse'shelptosetuporuseanewdigitaldevice.Incontrastconcernsabouttechnologyuseincreasingisolation（孤立）amongyoungerpopulations,thecommunicationandconnectionpossibleonlinecanbeespeciallyvaluableforolderadultswhoarehomebound,farawayfromorhavelostthelovedones.Olderadultscanuseonlinetoolsconnectwithfriendsandfamilyviamessagingplatforms,videochat,andsocialmediaeveniftheycannolongerphysicallyvisitthem.Andtheycanengagewiththeoutsideworldthroughnews,blogs,streamingplatforms,andemail,eveniftheyarenolongerabletomoveaboutaseasilyastheyoncecould,Forolderadultstherisksassociatedwithsocialisolationareprofound.Lonelinessamongolderadultshasbeenassociatedwithdepression,functionaldecline,anddeath.canserveasanimportanttooltohelpreducethererisks,butonlyifweprovideolderadultswiththeskillstheyneed,makeinclusionthedigitalworldaccessibletothem.Theimportanceofdigitalinclusionisgoingtodisappearwiththegenerationalchangesofthecomingdecades.iscontinuouslydeveloping,andwitheachdigitalinnovationcomechallengesforevenyoungeradultstoadapt.40.Whatpreventssomeolderadultsfromconnectingwithsociety?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________41.WhatdothestatisticsinParagraph3indicate?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainEnablingold