动词时态与语态

动词的时态1.一般现在时：does/do/am/is/are2.现在进行时：am/is/aredoing 3.现在完成时：has/havedone

4.现在完成进行时：has/havebeendoing5.一般将来时：will/shalldo 6.将来进行时：willbedoing7.一般过去时：did/was/were

8.过去进行时：was/weredoing 9.过去完成时：haddone 10.过去将来时：woulddo 高考英语考纲十种时态1.一般现在时用法:1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如:often/usually,every…,sometimes,onSunday。2)表示不受时间限制的科学事实、客观真理及谚语格言。

Theearthmovesaroundthesun.3)表示按规定、计划安排好的将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态。如：

Theflighttakesoffat2:00p.m.TomorrowisSunday.

4)条件状语从句、时间状语中用一般现在时表将来Iusuallygetupatsixinthemorning.Iwillgiveittohimifhecomesthisafternoon.2.一般现在时的谓语动词形式：1）.am;is;areTheyareintheclassroom.2）.动词原形Ioftengotoworkbybus.3）.第三人称单数形式：-(e)sHegoestoschoolonfooteveryday.动词第三人称单数形式构成stay________,carry______,do________,watch________stayscarriesdoeswatches3.一般现在时的被动语态构成：am/is/are+过去分词Thefactoryproduce1000machineseveryday.______________________________________.1000machinesaremadebythefactoryeveryday.标志性时间状语：often,usually,always,everyday,sometimes,onSundays.IamaSenior3studentnow.ThelifeinSenior3_____(be)muchbusierthanbefore.Allmyclassmates______(work)veryhardeveryday.Toentermydreamuniversity,Imakegooduseofeveryminutetostudyandso_____(do)mybestfriend,LiHua.Wewillhaveamathexaminationthisafternoon.It_______(start)at2:30.However,LiHuastill_____(have)someproblemstosolveandI’vepromisedtohelphim.doesisworkstartshas二、现在进行时2.用法：

1)表示现在(指说话时)正在发生的事情。WearehavingEnglishclassnow.2)表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。

SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.1.谓语构成形式:be(am,are,is)+doing3)进行时表将来，表示按计划即将发生的动作,多用于表位置移动的动词,如:come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay.I’mleavingforChangshatomorrow.Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?3.现在进行时的被动语态构成：am/is/are+beingdone

Theyarebuildingabridge._________________________________________.Abridgeisbeingbuiltbythem.Practice1.Listen!Someofthegirls___________aboutHarryPotter.Let’sjointhem.(talk)2.Coffeeisready.Howniceit________!Wouldyoulikesome?（smell）3.Diane___________(wash)herhaireveryotherdayorso.4.Iwrotetomyfriendlastweek.Shehasn’tansweredmyletteryet.I________________(wait,still)forareply.5.Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou____________thisjob?(offer)6.It_____________(snow,not,often)inmycountry.7.Theold_______________(take)goodcareofinthecenter.8.Anewhouse_______________(build)atthecorneroftheroadnow.aretalkingsmellswashesamstillwaitingareoffereddoesn’toftensnowaretakenisbeingbuilt三、一般过去时用法:在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

标志性时间状语：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in2015等。2.一般过去时的谓语动词形式1).Was/wereTheywereintheclassroomwhenIwentthere2).动词过去式Theywenttosurftheinternetlastnight.动词的一般过去式构成形式：listen________study_________stay________change________stop___________come________.teach________listenedstudiedstayedchangedstoppedcametaughtPractice:I_______(spend)mychildhoodhappilywithmyoldfriends.Wealways_______(play)footballandbasketballtogetherandwe____________(nothave）somuchhomeworktodoasnow.We______(be)happyatthattime.spentplayeddidn’thavewere3.一般过去时的被动语态构成：

was/were+过去分词Hewroteabooklastmonth.---________________________________.Abookwaswrittenbyhimlastmonth.四、

过去进行时1.结构：was/were+doing2.用法:表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态。常用的时间状语:attenyesterday,fromninetotenlastnight,when…,while…Iwasdoingmyhomeworkattenlastnight.HewasworkinginhisgardenwhenIvisitedhimyesterday.

过去进行时被动语态构成：was/were+beingdone.Atthattime,theywerebuildingabridge.______________________________________.Abridgewasbeingbuilt(bythem)atthattime.Practice:1.I________(call)Rogerlastnight,buthe________(be,not)athome.He______________(study)atthelibrary.2.Mybrotherandsister_________________(argue)aboutsomethingwhenI________(walk)intotheroom.3.Shirley___________(write)abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.4.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She___________(work)ataradioshopatthattime.5.Lotsofsoldiers________________(send)torescuethepeopletrappedinthefloodyesterday.7.He__________(break)hislegwhenhe___________(play)inafootballmatchagainstanotherschoo1．8.Lastyear,whenIpassedhere,thelibrary______________________.(build)calledwasn’twasstudyingwerearguingwalkedwaswritingwasworkingweresentbrokewasplayingwasbeingbuilt五、一般将来时表示未来的动作或状态常用（常与表示将来的时间状语连用如tomorrow、nextweek等）

构成形式：will/shall+动词原形。2)

表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。Iamgoingshoppingtomorrow.一般将来时被动语态构成：will/shallbe+过去分词Theywillbuildanewlibraryhere.----________________________________Anewlibrarywillbebuilthere.六、过去将来时1.用法:过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于宾语从句中.2.结构:should/would+动词原形Theboypromisedhe____________(work)hard.ItoldmyparentsI____________(return)early.wouldworkwouldreturn过去将来时的被动语态构成：wouldbedone.Hesaidtheywouldbuildanotherlibraryhere.____________________________________________Hesaidanotherlibrarywouldbebuilthere7.将来进行时1).将来某时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。2)构成：主语+willbedoing3)常用的时间状语Soon,tomorrow,thisevening，bythistimetomorrow等Bythistimetomorrow,I'llbelyingonthebeach.IwillbewatchingTVatsixthisevening.Practice1.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe___________(leave)officesoon.2.---You’veleftthelighton.---Oh,soIhave.I___________(go)andturnitoff.3.Byfiveo’clockthisafternoon,I____________(watch)afootballmatch.4.Hundredsofjobs___________(lose)ifthefactorycloses.5..AtalkonChinesehistory__________(give)intheschoolhallnextweek.6.Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they___________(increase)theirsalesby20percent.wouldleavewillgowillbewatchingwillbelostwillbegivenwillincrease七、

现在完成时1.结构:have(has)+过去分词2.用法:1)现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态,通常用于延续性动词。常与表示延续性的时间状语连用,如:sofar,uptonow,recently,inthepast6years,since…,for…等。IhavelivedinZhuhaifor3years.2)表示发生在过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常用的时间状语有:just,already,yet,ever,never,once等。

Wehavefinishedourlunchalready.Haveyouevertriedthismethod?8.现在完成时谓语动词形式：have/has+过去分词1.表示动作或状态开始于过去，一直延续到现在，可能继续发展，也可能刚刚结束。Hehasbeeninthearmyfortenyears.IhavestudiedEnglishsince20042.表示动作或状态到说话时已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在的影响。HehasgonetoShanghai.HehasbeentoBeijing.标志性时间状语：sincetwoyearsago/从句,for+段时间,inthepastfewyears,sofar,uptillnow,allone’slife.

注意：终止性动词不能与段时间连用。现在完成时的特殊句型

1）Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。

ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.

Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.

注意比较It’stimethat…结构：

Itishightimethatwewenttoschool.2）Thisisthe…that…结构，that从句要用现在完成时.

ThisisthebestfilmthatI’ve(ever)seen.

ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveread.现在完成时被动语态构成：have/hasbeendoneTheyhavealreadybuiltanewlibrary

Anewlibraryhasalreadybeenbuilt(bythem).八、过去完成时

1.结构:had+过去分词

2.用法：1）表示某事持续到将来某一时为止的动作。

2）

表示将来某一时间或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作。Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves_____________(runaway).WhenIcameintotheclassroom,mydearstudents______________(begin)reading.hadrunawayhadbegun过去完成时被动语态构成：hadbeendoneExercisesIusually____upat6:00,butyesterdayI______upat7:00andtomorrowI_________upat6:30.(get)Listen!Someone____________(knock)atthedoor.I___________(be)inBeijingfortwoyears.Howoften_____Andy_______(surf)theinternet?Hefellasleepwhilehe___________(read)abook.getwillgetgotisknocking

havebeen

doessurfwasreading6.I________never_______(hear)ofthatmanbefore.7.Mybrotheroften_________(go)forwalkslastsummer.8.Lilysaidshe_______(put)onthenewdressthenextday.9.______thestory________(happen)inLondonin1949?10.What______hismother______(do)whenheopenedthedoor?haveheardwentwouldDidhappenwasdoing11.Ifit______________(notrain)tomorrow,they___________(go)fishing.12.______yourmother________thepianoeverySunday?13.They_______(not)callyouthedayaftertomorrow.14.Tom_____________(work)theresincetwoyearsago.15.BythetimeI_________(walk)intotheclassroom,theteacher___________(start)teaching.doesn’trainwillgoDoeshasworkedwon’twalkedhadstartedplay一般现在时:一般过去时:一般将来时:过去将来时:现在进行时:过去进行时:现在完成时:过去完成时:情态动词：do/doesare/isdonedidwas/weredonewilldowillbedoneam/is/aredoingam/is/arebeingdonewas/weredoingwas/werebeingdonehas/havedonehave/hasbeendonehaddonehadbeendone

被动语态构成woulddo

wouldbedonecandocanbedoneFillintheblankswiththerightformofthewordsgiven:I_________(give)anewbookbymyfather

onmylastbirthday.English___________(find)veryuseful.3.Thework______________(finish)tomorrow.4.Theflowers_________________(water)bythemnow.5.

Therailway________________(build)thistimelastyear.wasgivenisfoundwillbefinishedarebeingwateredwasbeingbuilt6.Thenewhighway_______already_________(build).7.Thenewrailway_____________(build)bytheendoflastyear.8.Hetoldmethesportsmeeting____________(hold)thenextmonth.9.Nowthescientists___________(develop)anewkindofrobotthatcandohouseworkinsteadofhumanbeings.10.Ourclassroommust______________(clean)everyday.hasbeenbuilthadbeenbuiltwouldbeheldaredevelopingbecleaned

Jenny_____(be)aforeigngirl.She_______(come)fromtheUnitedStates.Look,she