外刊及中国日报精 选文章改编：语法填空 高三英语一轮复习

2024外刊及中国日报精选（2024.11.15期)文章改编：语法填空（答案+译文）第一篇Xiaohua---Ahairdresserwhotriestounderstandwhatcustomerswant晓华—-“听得懂话”的理发师Source:ChinaDailyAhairdresserwhogoesbythenicknameXiaohuahasbecomeaninternetsensation(n.轰动，引起轰动的人（或事）)simply_______shetriestounderstandwhatcustomerswant.SincevideosofhercuttinghairwentviralonsocialmediaplatformDouyin,manytourists_______(come)toherlivestreamingsessionstolearnhertechniquesorsimplytotalk.Atpeaktimes,morethan100,000viewerswatchheratonceonline.EnthusiasticfansareevencomingtovisithershopinHuaihua,Hunanprovince,_______(get)ahaircut.Thecityreceivedmorethan200,000travelersinsevendays,whichbroughtatotalof120millionyuan(16.6million)intourismrevenue.Xiaohua,_______realnameisLiJing,firststartedtoputvideosonDouyininFebruaryandhassincepostedaround400.Atfirst,theydidn’tattractmuchattention.Butlastmonth,oneofhervideossuddenlyattractedlotsofviews,asnetizenspraisedherforrespondingto_______(customer)needs.Manyhaveinvitedhertoopenstoresintheirhometownsortogivelecturestohairdressersacrossthecountry.HerDouyinaccountnowhasmorethan3.88millionfansandhervideoshavereceivedmorethan11millionlikes.Sheattributesherpopularity_______treatingherclientsasfriendsandfollowingtheirinstructionswhencuttingtheirhair.“Foreachclient,myintentionistocutthehairtothebestofmyabilityandnotaddthingsthattheydonotwantorlike,andthat’sprobablythereason_______manyofmyclientscomebackforme,”shesaid._______(face)withgreatpopularity,Xiaohuasaidshedoesnotconsider_______(she)aprofessionalhairdresser.Shebelievestherearemanymorehairdresserswhohavebetterskills.Shelearnedtocuthairfromherhusband,whoisalsoahairdresser.Aslongasapersoncutsenoughhairandmakesenoughmistakes,theycangraspthetechniques,shesaid.Shemostlycutshairformalecustomersand_______(charge)30yuan($4)foreachhaircut.Sheservesabout30customersadayandisfullybookedthroughtheendoftheyear.“Iamthemostcommonhairdresser.Thereisnothinguniqueaboutme,”shesaid.“Ihavenotconsidered_______(raise)thepriceforahaircutbecausethetrustfrompeopleissatisfyingenough.”HerWeChatisfilledwithmessagesfromclientsaskingforahaircut,andshewantstotellthemtobepatientandwaituntiltheonlinefamecoolsdown.Shesaidsheisnotworriedthatonedaypeoplemaysuddenlydislikeherhaircuts_______ifshemakesamistake.“Ihavemadelotsofmistakesbefore,soIjustwantnetizenstobemoreunderstandingwhentheyhappenagain,”shesaid.第二篇Spacemaybeworseforhumansthanthought宇宙也许比想象的更不适合人类生存Source:TheEconomistSpaceisnotaveryhospitableplace.Thereisnoair.Dependingon_______youareinsunlightornot,itiseitherfreezingcoldorroastinghot.Therearesubtlerhazards,too.Evenwhen_______(provide)withoxygenandastabletemperaturebytheirspacecraft,astronautsseemtosickenthelongertheyspendawayfromEarth.Spendingtimeinorbit,forinstance,_______(cause)bonesandmuscles,includingtheheart,towasteaway.AstronautsontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)spendseveralhoursaday_______(exercise)inanattempttofightthisenfeeblement(n.使衰弱),withonlypartialsuccess.LevelsofradiationbeyondEarth’sprotectiveatmosphereandmagneticfield_______(be)higherthanonitssurface,whichmayincreasetheriskofcancer.AreportpublishedonOctober22ndbytheGuyFoundation,aBritishnon-profitinterestedinthelinksbetweenphysicsandbiology,addssomenewpotentialhealthhazardsforastronauts_______(worry)about.Thereportdrawsonseveralstrandsofemergingresearchtoarguethatlong-durationspaceflight,orlivingonotherplanets,mightbeevenmoredifficultforhumansthanhadbeenassumed.Themainconcernisthedamagespacetravelseemstodotomitochondria(n.线粒体),componentsfoundinalmosteverycell_______producetheenergythatpowerstherestofthecell.In2020agroupledbyWilliandaSilveiraatQueensUniversityinBelfast,andincludingresearchersfromNASA,foundthatspaceflightcausesdramaticshiftsinhowmitochondriawork.Theysuggestedthiscouldexplainmanyhealthproblemsseeninastronauts,fromimmune-systemdifficultiestocardiovascular(adj.心血管的)issues.Thenewreportsuggestsastronautsfacesomethingthatlookslike“acceleratedageing”,andthatthis_______(associate)withthedisruptionofcellularenergyproduction.Thereportfloatsseveralpotentialcausesforthemalfunctioningmitochondria.Somearewell-groundedinexistingscience:radiationcandamagecellsdirectly,_______instance.Othersaremorespeculative.Free-fallisonepotentialvillain(n.祸首，元凶).ThereportpresentsemergingevidencethatthedragofEarthlygravitymaybeimportantforvariouscellularprocesses.Eventhelightsinspacecraftcomeinforexamination.Thesecurrentlydonotreproducethefullspectrumofsunlight,particularlyinfra-redradiation.Sunlightisknowntogovernthebody’ssleep-wakecycle,andmayaffectotherbodily_______(function)too.Theresearchersalsonoteoneemergingquestionincellularbiology:whethertheinfluenceofEarth’smagneticfieldmightbeanimportantfactorforthechemicalreactionsuponwhichmitochondriarelytoproduceenergy._______MarsnortheMoon,twopossibleplacesforestablishingspacecolonies,possessesamagneticfieldlikethatofEarth.Moredatawouldhelp:althoughastronautsareexaminedbymedicsontheirreturnfromspace,therehavebeenfewlong-termstudies.Onesolution,theresearcherssay,mightbetorunmulti-yearanimalexperimentsinorbit.Otherdatawillbe_______(hard)togenerate.Iflackofgravityisaproblem,isthegravityontheMoon(aboutasixthofthatonEarth)enoughtofixit?Someproblemsmightbefixableviaengineering.Lunarbasescouldbebuiltundergroundtoshieldthemfromradiation,andlightingtweakedtomake_______moresun-like.Amoredrasticapproachwouldbetotweakthehumansratherthantheirhabitats.SirMartinRees,_______astronomerandformerpresidentoftheRoyalSociety,haslongarguedthatHomosapiens(人类)isconstitutionallyunsuitedforspacetravel,andthat_______(genetic)engineeringanewsubspecies(n.[生物]亚种)—Homospaciens?—mightbeabetterwaytocoloniseotherworlds.第三篇Whysittingisbadforyou久坐的危害Source:TEDWriter:MuratDalkilincRightnow,you'reprobablysittingdowntowatchthisvideoandstaying_______(seat)forafewminutestoviewitisprobablyokay.Butthelongeryoustayput,themoreagitatedyourbodybecomes.Itsitstherecountingdownthemoments_______youstandupagainandtakeitforawalk.Thatmaysoundridiculous.Ourbodieslovetosit,right?Notreally.Sure,sittingforbriefperiodscanhelpusrecoverfromstressorrecuperatefromexercise.Butnowadays,ourlifestylesmakeussitmuchmorethanwemovearound,andourbodiessimplyaren'tbuiltforsuchasedentary(adj.（人）惯于久坐不动的)existence.Infact,justtheoppositeistrue.Thehumanbodyisbuilttomove,andyoucanseeevidenceofthatin_______wayit'sstructured.Insideusareover360joints,andabout700skeletalmusclesthatenableeasy,fluidmotion.Thebody'suniquephysicalstructuregivesustheabilitytostandupstraight_______thepullofgravity.Ourblooddependsonusmovingaroundtobeabletocirculateproperly.Ournervecellsbenefitfrommovement,andourskiniselastic(adj.有弹性的),meaningitmoldstoourmotions.Soifeveryinchofthebodyisreadyandwaitingforyoutomove,whathappenswhenyoujustdon't?Let'sstartwiththebackboneoftheproblem,literally.Yourspineisalongstructuremadeofbonesandthecartilage(n.软骨)discsthatsitbetweenthem.Joints,musclesandligaments(n.[解剖]韧带)that_______(attach)attachedtothebonesholditalltogether.Acommonwayofsittingiswithacurvedbackandslumpedshoulders,apositionthatputsunevenpressureonyourspine.Overtime,thiscauseswearandtearinyourspinaldiscs,overworkscertainligamentsandjoints,andputsstrainonmusclesthatstretchtoaccommodateyourback'scurvedposition.Thishunchedshapealsoshrinksyourchestcavitywhileyousit,meaningyourlungshave_______(little)spacetoexpandintowhenyoubreath.That'saproblembecauseit_______(temporary)limitstheamountofoxygenthatfillsyourlungsandfiltersintoyourblood.Aroundtheskeleton(n.骨骼，骨架)_______(be)themuscles,nerves,arteries(n.动脉)andveins(n.静脉)thatformthebody'ssofttissuelayers.Theveryactofsittingsquashes,pressurizesandcompresses,andthesemoredelicatetissuesreallyfeelthebrunt(n.冲击).Haveyoueverexperiencednumbnessandswellinginyourlimbswhenyousit?Inareasthatarethemostcompressed,yournerves,arteriesandveinscanbecomeblocked,_______limitsnervesignaling,causingthenumbness,andreducesbloodflowinyourlimbs,_______(cause)themtoswell(v.（身体部位）肿胀).Sittingforlongperiodsalsotemporarilydeactivateslipoproteinlipase(脂蛋白脂酶),aspecialenzymeinthewallsofbloodcapillaries(n.[解剖]毛细血管)thatbreaksdownfatsintheblood,sowhenyousit,you'renotburningfatnearlyaswellaswhenyoumovearound.Whateffectdoesallofthisstasishaveonthebrain?Mostofthetime,youprobablysitdowntouseyourbrain,butironically,lengthy_______(period)ofsittingactuallyruncountertothisgoal.Beingstationaryreducesbloodflowandtheamountofoxygenenteringyourbloodstreamthroughyourlungs.Yourbrainrequiresbothofthosethingstoremainalert,soyourconcentrationlevelswillmostlikelydipasyourbrainactivityslows.Unfortunately,theilleffectsofbeingseateddon'tonlyexistintheshortterm.Recentstudies_______(find)thatsittingforlongperiodsislinkedwithsometypesofcancersandheartdiseaseandcancontributetodiabetes,kidneyandliverproblems.Infact,researchershaveworkedoutthat,worldwide,inactivitycausesabout9%ofpremature(adj.过早的，提早的)deathsayear.That'sover5millionpeople.Sowhatseemslikesuchaharmlesshabitactuallyhasthepowertochangeourhealth.答案第一篇because;havecome;toget;whose;customers’;to;that;Faced;herself;charges;raising;or第二篇whether;provided;causes;exercising;are;toworry;that;isassociated;for;functions;Neither;harder;it;an;genetically第三篇seated;until;the;against;are;less;temporarily;are;which;causing;periods;havefound译文第一篇：一位绰号“晓华”的理发师在网上引起轰动，仅仅因为她试图了解顾客的需求。自从她剪头发的视频在社交媒体平台抖音上疯传后，许多游客来到她的直播课程学习她的技术或只是聊天。在高峰时段，超过100,000的观众同时在线观看她的节目。热情的粉丝甚至会来参观她在怀化的店铺。湖南省，去理发了。这座城市在7天内接待了超过200,000名游客，带来了1.2亿元(1660万)的旅游收入。晓华的真名是李静。今年2月，她开始在快手上发布视频，至今已经发布了大约400个视频。起初，这些视频并没有引起太多关注。但上个月，她发布的一个视频突然吸引了大量关注，因为网友们称赞她满足了顾客的需求。许多人邀请她到自己的家乡开店，或者到全国各地给美发师们讲课。现在，她的快手账号拥有超过388万名粉丝，她的视频获得了超过1100万个赞。她将自己的受欢迎程度归因于将客户视为朋友，并在修剪头发时遵循他们的指示。“对于每个客户，我的意图都是尽我所能修剪头发，不添加他们不想或不喜欢的东西，这可能是我的许多客户回来找我的原因她说。晓华说，面对如此高的知名度，她并不认为自己是一名专业的美发师。她认为，还有很多美发师的技术更好。她从丈夫那里学会了剪发，丈夫也是一名美发师。她说，只要一个人剪够头发，犯够错误，就能掌握技术。她主要给男性顾客理发，每次理发收费30元(4美元)。她每天为大约30名顾客服务，直到年底都订满了。“我是最普通的理发师。我没有什么独特之处，我没有考虑过提高理发价格，因为人们的信任已经足够令人满意了。”她说。她的微信里充满了客户要求理发的信息，她想告诉他们耐心等待，直到网络上的名声冷却下来。她说她不担心有一天人们会突然不喜欢她的发型或者她犯了一个错误。“我以前犯过很多错误，所以我只是希望在这种错误再次发生时网民们能更理解.”她说。第二篇：太空并不是一个非常宜人的地方。那里没有空气。取决于你是否在阳光下，那里要么寒冷刺骨，要么炙热难耐。那里也有更微妙的危险。即使他们的航天器提供了氧气和稳定的温度，宇航员在远离地球的时间越长，似乎就越容易生病。例如，在轨道上度过一段时间会导致骨骼和肌肉，包括心脏，消耗殆尽。国际空间站上的宇航员每天都要花几个小时锻炼身体来对抗这种衰弱，但只取得了部分成功。地球保护性大气层和磁场之外的辐射水平高于其表面，这可能会增加患癌症的风险。10月22日，关注物理学和生物学之间联系的英国非盈利组织盖伊基金会发布了一份报告，为宇航员增加了一些新的潜在健康危害。该报告援引了多项新兴研究，认为长期太空飞行或生活在其他星球上，对人类来说可能比预想的更加困难。主要关注的是太空旅行似乎对线粒体造成的损害，线粒体几乎存在于每个细胞中，它们产生能量，为细胞的其他部分提供动力。2020年，贝尔法斯特皇后大学的威廉·达·西尔维拉领导的一个小组，包括美国宇航局的研究人员，发现航天飞行导致线粒体工作方式的剧烈变化。他们认为这可以解释宇航员身上的许多健康问题，从免疫系统的问题到心血管的问题这份新报告表明，宇航员面临着一种看起来像是“加速老化”的情况，这与细胞能量生产的中断有关。该报告提出了线粒体功能失调的几个潜在原因。有些是基于现有科学的:例如，辐射可以直接损伤细胞。其他人则更具投机性。自由落体是一个潜在的祸首，这份报告提出了新的证据，证明地球重力的拖曳可能对各种细胞过程很重要。甚至飞船上的灯也会被检查。这些目前无法再现阳光的全光谱，特别是红外线辐射。众所周知，阳光会控制人体的睡眠-觉醒周期，并可能影响其他身体功能。研究人员还注意到细胞生物学中一个新兴的问题:地球磁场的影响是否可能是线粒体产生能量所需的化学反应的一个重要因素。火星和月球是建立太空殖民地的两个可能地点，但它们都没有像地球那样的磁场。更多的数据会有帮助:尽管宇航员从太空返回后由医务人员检查，但很少有长期研究。研究人员表示，一个解决方案可能是对轨道上的动物进行多年的实验。其他数据将更难产生。如果缺乏重力是一个问题，那么月球上的重力(约为地球重力的六分之一)是否足以解决这个问题?有些问题可以通过工程来解决。月球基地可以建在地下以保护他们免受辐射，并调整照明使其更像太阳。一个更激进的方法是调整人类而不是他们的栖息地。天文学家、英国皇家学会前主席马丁·里斯爵士长期以来一直认为，人类在本质上不适合太空旅行，并认为通过基因工程改造一个新的生物亚种---太空人种?