备战2025年高考二轮复习 英语 阅读理解 考点分类练11　主旨大意题（2）（含解析）

考点分类练(十一)主旨大意题(2)Passage1(2024江苏苏锡常镇二模)主题:软贴片词数:334难度:★★★☆☆Thehumanvoiceisadelicatething.Eachperson’sdistinctivevoiceisproducedwhenairfromthelungscausesthevocalcords(声带)tovibrate(震颤).Thesevocalcordscaneasilygetdamaged.Accordingtoa2005study,30%ofthepopulationwillexperienceavoicedisorderatsomepointintheirlife.InastudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunicationsthisweek,agroupofbioengineeringresearchersfromtheUniversityofCaliforniahaveputforwardanattractivesolution.Theyhavedesignedandtestedasoftpatch(小片)thatcanbestuckontoaperson’sneck,whereitwillpickupmusclemovementsand,withthehelpofmachine-learningalgorithms(算法)thatprocessthesignals,translatethemintospeech.Whenapersonlosestheirvoicetoday,theeasiestfixistoturntotyping,texting,orwritingnotestocommunicate.Typingcanbeslowandconvenient,saysJunChen,thepaper’sleadauthor,andwritingnotesisonlypossibleingoodlighting.Thenewsolutionwouldthereforebeabletoclearallthesehurdles.Dr.Chen’sdeviceworksbasedonsomethingcalledthemagnetoelasticeffect.Essentially,whentinymagnetic(磁性的)bitsareplacedintosoftmaterials,theirmagneticpropertiescanchangeasthematerialisstretched.Whenthethroatmusclesmoveunderthesoftpatch,theresultingmagnetoelasticeffectscanbechangedintoelectricalsignals.Inatestwitheightparticipants,thevariationscanbechangedbyelectricalsignals.Researchersrecordedthesignalsasthesubjectsspokeandmouthedfivedifferentsentences.Theythentrainedamachine-learningmodelwhichwasthenabletopredictwhichofthefivesentencestheparticipantsspoke—whetheraloudorinsilence—withmorethan90%accuracy.Thereisawaytogoyet,fornowthedevicecanonlyrecognizethefivephrasesitwastrainedon.Plus,tomakeitpracticalatscale,theresearcherswillneedtocollectalotmoredata.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项最新的科学研究成果,即一种可以贴在人脖子上的软贴片,能够通过捕捉肌肉运动并将其转化为语言。1.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellusinparagraph1?A.Lungsareeasilydamaged.B.Thehumanvoiceisunique.C.Vocalcordsvibratetoproducesound.D.Voicedisordersareaproblemworthyofattention.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段可知,本段主要想告诉我们声音障碍是一个值得关注的问题。2.Whydoestheauthormentionthemagnetoelasticeffect?A.Toexplaintheworkingprinciple.B.Topresentasolution.C.Tointroducethechallenge.D.Tomakeacomparison.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第二段的“Theyhavedesignedandtestedasoftpatch...thesignals,translatethemintospeech.”、第三段和第四段的“Dr.Chen’sdeviceworksbasedonsomethingcalledthemagnetoelasticeffect.”可知,作者提到magnetoelasticeffect是为了解释贴片的工作原理。3.Whatisthefunctionofthesoftpatch?A.Predictingfivedifferentsentences.B.Destroyingthebackgroundmagneticfield.C.Slowingthemovementsofthroatmuscles.D.Helpingturnmusclemovementsintoelectricalsignals.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第四段的“Essentially,whentinymagnetic(磁性的)bitsareplacedintosoftmaterials,theirmagneticpropertiescanchangeasthematerialisstretched.”以及第五段的“Whenthethroatmusclesmoveunderthesoftpatch,theresultingmagnetoelasticeffectscanbechangedintoelectricalsignals.”可知,软贴片的功能是帮助将肌肉运动转化为电信号。4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.PredictingtheImportanceofVoiceRestorationB.UsingAlgorithmsinBioengineeringResearchC.OvercomingVoiceLosswithanInnovativePatchD.FindingthePrincipleofCommunicationDevices答案C解析主旨大意题。纵观全文可知,本文主要讲述了一种可以贴在人脖子上的软贴片,能够通过捕捉肌肉运动并将其转化为语言,所以C项“OvercomingVoiceLosswithanInnovativePatch(用创新的贴片克服失声)”是本文最好的标题。Passage2(2024福建莆田二模)主题:刻意学习词数:306难度:★★★☆☆Theyearis1763,anda7-year-oldMozartisabouttosetoffonatouraroundEuropethatwilljump-starttheMozartlegend.Mozarthadatrickuphissleeve.WhenyoungMozartheardanoteplayed—anynote—hecouldimmediatelyidentifyexactlywhichnoteitwas.Itwasanabilitynowweknowas“perfectpitch”,anditseemedtobeanexampleofthemysteriousgiftsthatyounggeniuseshadbeenbornwith.Butisthatreallyso?Overmyyearsofstudyingexpertsinvariousfields,likeMozart,Ihavefoundthatthere’snosuchthingasapredefinedability.Actually,thosepeoplealldeveloptheirabilitiesthrough“deliberatepractice”,apurposefulandsystematictypeofpracticethatmakesitpossibleforthemtodothingstheyotherwisecouldnot.Inthem,potentialisanexpandablevessel,shapedbythevariousthingstheydothroughouttheirlives.OneofmytestimoniescamefromRayAllen,aten-timeAll-StarintheNBA.Allen’sjumpshotwasnotnoticeablybetterthanhisteammates’backinhighschool;infact,itwaspoor.Butwithhardworkanddedication,hetransformedhisjumpshotintoonesogracefulandnaturalthatpeopleassumedhewasbornwithit.Butitdoesn’tmean“Justkeepworkingatit,andyou’llgetthere”.Heartfeltdesireandhardworkalonewillnotleadtoimprovedperformance.Therightsortofpracticecarriedoutoverasufficientperiodoftimewillleadtoimprovement.Nothingelse.Andthisistruewhetherourgoalistobecomeaconcertpianistorjustplaythepianowellenoughtoamuseourselves,tobethegreatestthree-pointshooterorjustbuildourselvesup.Deliberatepracticeisthegoldstandardforanyoneinanyfieldwhowishestobuildnewskillsandabilities.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。各个领域的专家似乎具有某种与生俱来的神秘能力,但作者通过研究发现,这些人都是通过“刻意练习”来发展他们的能力的,刻意练习是任何人在任何领域希望建立新的技能和能力的黄金标准。5.WhyisMozart’sperfectpitchmentionedinparagraph1?A.Tointroduceaninborntalent.B.Toexplainreasonsforsuccess.C.Toleadtoreflectionongifts.D.Todefineabrillianttrick.答案C解析推理判断题。第一段中的“Itwasanabilitynowweknowas‘perfectpitch’,anditseemedtobeanexampleofthemysteriousgiftsthatyounggeniuseshadbeenbornwith.Butisthatreallyso?”提到年轻的莫扎特具有似乎是天生的神秘天赋——“绝对音高”的能力,接着提出一个问题,事实真的是这样吗?接着第二段中的“Actually,thosepeoplealldeveloptheirabilitiesthrough‘deliberatepractice’”提到实际上这些人都是通过“刻意练习”来发展他们的能力的,故作者提到莫扎特的“绝对音高”能力是为了导入对天赋的思考。6.Whichisthemostimportantinmakinganexpertaccordingtothewriter?A.Affection. B.Experience.C.Training. D.Gifts.答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Therightsortofpracticecarriedout...wishestobuildnewskillsandabilities.”可知,在作者看来,成为专家最重要的是刻意练习。7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“testimonies”meaninparagraph3?A.Challenges. B.Proofs.C.Comments. D.Puzzles.答案B解析词句猜测题。第二段中的“Actually,thosepeoplealldeveloptheirabilitiesthrough‘deliberatepractice’,apurposefulandsystematictypeofpracticethatmakesitpossibleforthemtodothingstheyotherwisecouldnot.”提到,这些非凡的能力并非天生,而是通过“刻意练习”来发展的,结合画线词下文可知,本段是通过RayAllen的例子佐证上文的说法,由此推知画线词所在句意为“我的一个佐证来自RayAllen,一个十次入选NBA全明星的球员”,testimonies意为“证据”。8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.SecretofGreatTalentsB.BorntoStandOutC.ASurprisingDiscoveryD.StartWhenYoung答案A解析主旨大意题。结合第一段中的“Itwasanabilitynowweknowas‘perfectpitch’,anditseemedtobeanexampleofthemysteriousgiftsthatyounggeniuseshadbeenbornwith.Butisthatreallyso?”和最后一段中的“Deliberatepracticeisthegoldstandardforanyoneinanyfieldwhowishestobuildnewskillsandabilities.”可知,各个领域的专家似乎具有某种与生俱来的神秘能力,但作者通过研究发现,这些人都是通过“刻意练习”来发展他们的能力的,刻意练习是任何人在任何领域希望建立新的技能和能力的黄金标准,A项“伟大天赋的秘诀”为最佳标题。Passage3(2024陕西渭南二模)主题:研究新发现词数:340难度:★★★☆☆Doyouwanttoensureyourchildhitstheirexpecteddevelopmentalmilestones?NewUBCresearchsuggestslivinginareaswithhighexposuretogreenspacecanhelpsetthemupforsuccess.Forthestudy,theresearchersatUBCanalyzedthedevelopmentalscoresof27,372childreninMetroVancouverwhoattendedkindergartenbetween2005and2011.Theyestimatedtheamountofgreenspacearoundeachchild’sresidencefrombirthtoagefive.Theyalsoassessedlevelsoftraffic-relatedairpollutionandcommunitynoise.Theresultshighlightthefundamentalimportanceofnaturalgreenspaceslikestreettrees,parksandcommunitygardens.“Mostofthechildrenweredoingwellintheirdevelopment,intermsoflanguageskills,cognitive(认知的)capacity,socializationandotheroutcomes,”saysIngridJarvis,aPhDcandidateinthedepartmentofforestandconservationsciencesatUBC.“Butwhat’sinterestingisthatthosechildrenlivinginaresidentiallocationwithmorevegetationandrichernaturalenvironmentsshowedbetteroveralldevelopmentthantheirpeerswithlessgreenspace.”Accordingtotheresearchers,thereasonforthisispartlygreenspaces’abilitytoreducetheharmfuleffectsofairpollutionandnoise-environmentalchallengesthathavebeenshowntoadversely(不利地)affectchildren’shealthanddevelopmentthroughincreasedstress,sleepdisturbancesandcentralnervoussystemdamage.“Fewstudieshaveinvestigatedthispathwaylinkinggreenspaceanddevelopmentaloutcomesamongchildren,”addsJarvis.TheresearchersassessedearlychildhooddevelopmentusingtheEarlyDevelopmentInstrument(EDI),asurveycompletedbykindergartenteachersforeachchild.Thetoolmeasuresachild’sabilitytomeetage-appropriatedevelopmentalexpectations.“Moreresearchisneeded,butourfindingssuggestthaturbanplanningeffortstoincreasegreenspaceinresidentialneighbourhoodsandaroundschoolsarebeneficialforearlychildhooddevelopment,withpotentialhealthbenefitsthroughoutlife,”saysthestudy’sseniorauthorMatildaBosch.“Timeinnaturecanbenefiteveryone,butifwewantourchildrentohaveagoodheadstart,it’simportanttoprovideanenrichingenvironmentthroughnaturecontact.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。加拿大一所大学研究所开展的一项研究表明,居住地环境的绿地面积对孩子们的学业水平以及未来事业成功都起到了重要的作用,并且会影响他们的一生。9.Whichisakeyfactorintheresearchers’study?A.Thekids’scoresfromschoolexams.B.TheaverageIQscoreofthesubjects.C.Thegreenspacewherethekidslived.D.Theairpollutionlevelofthewholecity.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段可知,研究人员分析的关键数据之一就是这些孩子们居住地的绿地面积。故选C项。10.What’sthemessageimpliedinparagra