2024-2025学年高中英语Unit5ThemeparksLearningaboutLanguage学案含解析新人教版必修3

PAGEUnit5ThemeparksLearningaboutLanguage语法精讲·探究学习构词法视察上面的对话,并填空:上面对话中的单词headmaster是将两个单词合并在一起,形成一个新的单词。这种构词法被称为合成法。英语的构词法主要有三种:合成法、转化法和派生法。一、合成法合成词是由两个或更多的词合成的词。最常见的合成词为合成名词、合成形容词,还有合成副词、合成动词、合成代词等。合成词一般干脆连写在一起,也有的合成词之间用连字符“-”,还有的由分开的两个词构成。1.合成名词构词方式例词名词+名词headmaster校长名词+动名词ship-building造船(业)名词+动词+er(or)painkiller止痛药形容词+名词highway马路动词+副词get-together聚会,联欢会副词+动词output产量;upkeep保养,修理介词(副词)+名词upland高地,山地分词+副词grown-up成年人名词+介词looker-on旁观者动词+介词go-between中间人,媒人名词+介词+名词son-in-law女婿合成名词变复数的留意事项(1)由“可数名词+介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复数时,把前面的名词变复数。*father-in-law→fathers-in-law(2)由man和woman构成的合成名词变复数时,两个名词都要变成复数。*awomanteacher→womenteachers*amandoctor→mendoctors(3)由“名词+名词”构成的复合名词,在变复数时,只变中心名词,修饰名词不变。*agirlfriend→girlfriends2.合成形容词构词方式例词形容词+名词+edwarm-hearted热心肠的cold-blooded冷血的形容词+现在分词good-looking好看的easy-going简单相处的形容词+过去分词new-born新生的ready-made现成的副词+现在分词hard-working勤劳的名词+现在分词English-speaking说英语的peace-loving爱好和平的副词+过去分词well-known著名的名词+过去分词man-made人造的heart-felt由衷的数词+名词+形容词twelve-year-old十二岁的five-meter-long五米长的3.合成副词构词方式例词介词+名词underfoot在脚下beforehand事先副词+名词upstairs在楼上;downstairs在楼下副词+副词however无论如何,然而,可是代词+副词anywhere任何地方somehow不知怎么地形容词+副词nowhere没有地方代词+名词someday(今后)有一天someway以某种方式副词+介词nearby旁边4.合成动词构词方式例词副词+动词overthrow推翻;overcome克服名词+动词typewrite打字;sleepwalk梦游形容词+动词broadcast广播;whitewash粉刷5.合成代词构词方式例词代词宾格+-selfitself它自身物主代词+-selfmyself我自己形容词+名词anything任何东西something某物,某事6.合成介词构词方式例词副词+名词inside在……里面介词+副词within在……之内;without没有副词+介词into进入(1)写出黑体单词的词性和词义。①Aftersunsetthesceneofthechildrenplayinginthegardendisappeared. (n.日落)②Iwanttoexpressourheartfeltcongratulationstoyouonyourseventeenthbirthday. (adj.诚心的)③Weranhotfoottofindoutthenews. (adv.匆忙地)④Weovercomeoneproblemafteranother. (vt.克服(2)将下列句中的合成名词变为复数形式。①Ihadneverbeenmorejoyfulformydaughter-in-law. (daughters-in-law)②Thenewsemester,atallmanteacherbecamethenewteacher. (menteachers)③HeisanEnglishman,asIknowfromhisaccent. (Englishmen)二、转化法一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。转化词例词动词→名词walkv.行走→walkn.漫步swimv.游泳→swimn.游泳名词↓动词表示物体的bookn.书→bookv.预订shipn.船→shipv.用船运输表示人体部位的handn.手→handv.递交headn.头→headv.朝……方向表示一类人的nursen.护士→nursev.护理fooln.傻子→foolv.愚弄表示自然现象的rainn.雨→rainv.下雨snown.雪→snowv.下雪形容词→动词dryadj.干的→dryv.使变干cleanadj.干净的→cleanv.把……擦干净副词→动词outadv.出来→outv.揭露形容词→名词whiteadj.白色的→whiten.白人nativeadj.本地的→nativen.本地人特别转化mustmodalv.必需→mustn.必需做的事写出下列句中加黑单词的词性和词义。(1)Heisamanwithapowerfulbuild. (n.体格)(2)Today,freshfruitfromthesetreesisshippedfromonecountrytoanother. (vt.用船运输)(3)Thetrainsloweddown. (vi.减缓)(4)They’rerunninginthefinal.(n.决赛)(5)Youshouldbedressedinblack. (vt.穿衣)三、派生法即在词根之前加前缀或在词根之后加后缀构成一个与原来单词意思相近或截然相反的单词。除少数前缀外,前缀一般变更单词的意思,不变更词性;后缀一般变更单词的词性,并不引起词义的变更。1.前缀构词法前缀含义例词dis-不dissatisfy使不满足;dishonest不诚恳的un-不unable不能够;unlucky不幸的做相反动作undress脱衣服;unload卸货in-im-ir-il-不,非inactive不活跃的;incorrect不正确的;impolite没有礼貌的;impossible不行能的;irregular不规则的;illogical不合逻辑的non-不,非non-existent不存在的;non-stop不停的mis-错误的;坏的misunderstand误会;misfortune厄运re-重复,再rewrite重写;remarry再婚;retell复述en-使enable使能够;enrich使丰富super-在上面;超级superstar巨星;supermodel超级模特;supermarket超市under-在……之下underground地下的;underestimate低估inter-相互;之间international国际的;interact相互作用pre-预先,在……之前predict预报;preview预习2.后缀构词法后缀含义例词-ence/-ance构成抽象名词evidence证据;importance重要性;significance重要性;dependence依靠-cion/-sion/-tion/-ation动作;状态suspicion怀疑;explosion爆炸;repetition重复;organization组织-er/-or人或物cooker炊具;writer作家;operator操作员;actor男演员;tractor拖拉机-ism主义;……教socialism社会主义;capitalism资本主义-ist……主义者;……家scientist科学家;dentist牙医-ment行为,结果,状态,性质movement运动;achievement成就;government政府;equipment设备;development发展-ship关系,身份seamanship航海术;friendship友情;citizenship公民身份-hood身份,性质,时代adulthood成年;childhood童年;neighbourhood某街区的居民-ty状态,性质honesty诚恳;difficulty困难;anxiety焦虑-ure结果,行为,状态,实物pleasure兴奋;picture图画;pressure压力-al动作过程,结果approval同意;arrival到达,到达者形容词后缀-able/ibleenjoyable开心的;horrible可怕的-ishfoolish愚蠢的;childish孩子气的-fulhopeful有希望的;careful细致的-lesshopeless无希望的;useless无用的-lyfriendly友好的;motherly母亲般的-yrainy下雨的;dusty布满灰尘的-antimportant重要的;pleasant开心的-edexcited感到兴奋的;tired疲惫的-inginteresting令人感爱好的副词后缀-lyhappily欢乐地;bravely英勇地-ward/-wardsnorthward朝北;forwards向前动词-ing形式作状语时,相当于与之对应的状语从句,现在分词的逻辑主语肯定和句子的主语保持一样。(1)(2024·浙江高考)ElliandIfearedthefencewouldn’tlastthrough30moreminutesofthebear’spunishment(punish).(2)(2024·浙江高考)Afewcharactersareusedtocreateasingleimpression(impress)growingoutofthetheme.(3)(2024·全国Ⅰ卷)Here’sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection(direct).(4)(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Peoplewanttolistentosomeonewhoisinteresting(interest),relaxed(relax)andcomfortable(comfort).

(5)(2024·全国Ⅱ卷)Thebeautiful(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbudsmakefantasticdecorations.(6)Thesuccessful(success)fishermaninvitedtheofficertoaccompanyhimandobserve.(7)Schooluniformsaretraditional(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolarestartingtogetridofthem.(8)It’snotreallysurprising(surprise)thatreadingbecamehervocation.(9)Itwasalittlefartohercaranditwasafoggy(fog)dayyesterdayinMissouri.(10)Theaimofeducationistoteachyoungpeopletothinkforthemselvesandnotfollowothersblindly(blind).(11)Thenaughtyboyenteredtheclassroomcautiously(caution),fearingthathisteacherwouldblamehim.(12)Whenthesalesgirlwalkedintotheshop,shesensedsomethingunusual(usual).Cansomeonehavegotin?(13)Whatyousaidsoundedreasonable(reason)butinfactitwasuntrue.(14)Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheirfreedom(free)bravely.课时检测·素养达标Ⅰ.依据构词法构成单词,并完成句子Model:part+time=part-timeAwaterbroadwarmdownunderBcastcoveredlineheartedload1.Themessagewasbroadcastallovertheworldviaradio.2.Aswecansee,theearthisahuge,water-coveredglobe.3.Idonotunderlinemyoptimism,butitjustisso.4.Heisawarm-heartedman,sowealllikehim.5.UserscandownloadtheirmaterialtoadesktopPCbackintheoffice.Model:dis+appear→disappearAdisunimmisilBadvantagepoliteluckylegalunderstand6.AsmyselfIlikelivingincitythoughIknowthedisadvantageoflivingincity.7.Youcertainlywereunluckytogetthathorribleillness.8.Itwasimpolitethatyoutalkedsoloudintherestaurant.9.Theyhavesimplymisunderstoodwhatrockandrollis.10.Hehasbeenchargedwithmembershipofanillegalorganization.Ⅱ.揣测下面黑体单词的词义1.IalwaysshoponSaturdays. (购物)2.Canyougivememorebackgroundonthecompany? (背景)3.Lilywantedtotakeacareerbreakinordertohavechildren. (休息)4.Pleaseinformusofyourarrivaltimebeforehand. (事先,提前)5.Itseemsreasonabletoexpectrapidurbangrowth. (合乎情理的)6.Iamveryuncomfortablelyingonthishard,coldfloor. (不舒适的)7.Thecollegehasannounceditsintentiontoenlargeitsstadium. (扩建)8.Peopleoftenhaveincorrectinformationaboutfood. (不正确的)9.HeworksinhisgreenhouseonSundays. (温室)10.Beanon-smokerandavoidsecond-handsmoke. (不吸烟者)语法填空Withthedevelopment(develop)ofglobalization,thepopularity(popular)oftheInternet,theincreaseofinternational