专题10动词四大时态-小学语法（附口诀练习和答案）

小学语法小学语法精讲精练专题10时态思考引入思考引入 同学同学们,想跟老师一起来一趟时空之旅吗?想!我们真的可以穿越时空吗?想!我们真的可以穿越时空吗?当然不是真的穿越时空啦!当然不是真的穿越时空啦!老师说的是我们这节课要学的动词时态吧。哈哈!是的,我说的"时空之旅"就是跟随动词形式变化进行的时态之旅。我们可以通过动词的不同形式来体现不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态,可以从中体验过去、现在、未来发生的各种趣事!哈哈!是的,我说的"时空之旅"就是跟随动词形式变化进行的时态之旅。我们可以通过动词的不同形式来体现不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态,可以从中体验过去、现在、未来发生的各种趣事!知识概览知识概览知识精讲知识精讲一、一般现在时一般现在时表示习惯性、永久性的或反复发生的动作或现在存在的状态。1.一般现在时的结构(1)肯定结构①主语+am/is/are+表语IamChinese.我是中国人。②主语+谓语动词原形/第三人称单数形式(+其他)Ilikeswimming.我喜欢游泳。③主语+情态动词+谓语动词原形(+其他)Icanfinishmyworktoday.我今天可以完成我的工作。(2)否定结构①主语+amnot/isn't/aren't+表语Sheisn'tanurse.她不是护士。②主语+don't/doesn't+谓语动词原形(+其他)Idon'tlikebananas.我不喜欢香蕉。③主语+情态动词的否定式+谓语动词原形(+其他)Weshouldn'truntheredlight.我们不应该闯红灯。(3)一般疑问句结构①Is/Are+主语+表语Areyouadoctor?你是医生吗?②Do/Does+主语+谓语动词原形(+其他)Doyouwanttoplaybasketball?你想打篮球吗?③情态动词+主语+谓语动词原形(+其他)Canyoujumpfar,Sam?山姆，你能跳得很远吗?(4)特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句句式Whatcanyoudo?你会做什么?Whoisyourfather?你的父亲是谁?Whendoesheusuallygotoschool?他通常什么时候上学?2.一般现在时的用法(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态Itakeawalkafterdinnereveryday.我每天晚饭后散步。Sheusuallygoestoschoolonfoot.她通常步行上学。(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理Thesunrisesintheeast.太阳从东方升起。Oneplustwomakesthree.一加二等于三。(3)表示主语的性格、特征、能力等Sheworkshard.她工作很努力。Thechildrendancewell.孩子们跳舞跳得很好。3.动词的一般现在时形式(1)动词原形动词原形即动词本身的形式。一般现在时中，当主语是第一、二人称或第三人称复数时，谓语动词用原形。lgotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.我周一到周五去上学。Theyplaysoccerafterschooleveryday.他们每天放学后都会踢足球。(2)动词的第三人称单数形式①一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。Hestudiesmatheveryday.他每天学习数学。②动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则一般情况下在动词词尾加Srun→runsplay→plays以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词，pass→passes

teach→teachesbox→boxes

wash→washes词尾加esgo→goesdo→does以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动

词，变y为i,再加esstudy→studiestry→tries特殊变化的动词be→am/is/arehave→has热身小练①变一变。请你根据括号内的提示变换下列句子的形式。1.Ihaveapingpongball.(变为否定句)__________________________________________________2.Sheisagoodteacher.(变为一般疑问句)__________________________________________________3.Iwanttogotothecinema.(将主语改为He)__________________________________________________答案：1.Idon'thaveapingpongball.2.Issheagoodteacher?3.Hewantstogotothecinema.二、一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间连用。1.一般过去时的结构(1)肯定结构①主语+was/were+表语Iwashappyyesterday.我昨天很开心。②主语+谓语动词过去式(+其他)IwenttoBeijinglastweekend.我上周末去了北京。(2)否定结构①主语+wasn't/weren't+表语Iwasn'tathomeyesterday.我昨天不在家。②主语+didn't+谓语动词原形(+其他)Ididn'tgotoschoolyesterday.我昨天没去上学。(3)一般疑问句结构①Was/Were+主语+表语Washeathomeyesterday?他昨天在家吗?②Did+主语+谓语动词原形(+其他)Didyougotoschoolyesterday?你昨天上学了吗?(4)特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句句式Wherewashelastyear?去年他在哪里?Whatdidhedoyesterday?他昨天做了什么?2.一般过去时的用法(1)表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态Isawhimintheparkyesterday.昨天我在公园看见他了。(2)表示过去的习惯性动作或存在的状态Maryalwayswenttoschoolonfootlastyear.去年玛丽总是步行上学。(3)表示主语过去的特征或性格Hewasashyboywhenhewasyoung.他小时候是个害羞的男孩。3.动词的一般过去时形式：动词的过去式动词过去式的变化规则一般情况下在动词词尾加edwatch→watchedplay→played以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，词尾加ddance→danced

live→liveduse→used

close→closed以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i,再加edstudy→studied

cry→criedtry→tried

carry→carried以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加edplan→planned

shop→shoppedstop→stopped

chat→chatted特殊变化的动词be→was/were

go→wenthave→had

do→did热身小练②变一变。请你根据括号内的提示变换下列句子的形式。1.Shewasverypoor.(变为一般疑问句)____________________________________________2.Ihadbreadandmilkforbreakfast.(变为否定句)____________________________________________3.Iwenttothelibraryyesterday.(对句子画线部分提问)____________________________________________答案：1.Wassheverypoor?2.Ididn'thavebreadandmilkforbreakfast.3.Whendidyougotothelibrary?三、一般将来时1.一般将来时的结构(1)肯定结构①主语+will+谓语动词原形(+其他)IwillgotoSanyatomorrow.我明天要去三亚。②主语+am/is/aregoingto+谓语动词原形(+其他)Wearegoingtohaveaparty.我们打算举办一个聚会。(2)否定结构①主语+willnot(=won't)+谓语动词原形(+其他)IwillnotgotoHongKongthisweek.我这周末不会去香港。②主语+am/is/arenotgoingto+谓语动词原形(+其他)Iamnotgoingtoplaygames.我不打算玩游戏。(3)一般疑问句结构①Will+主语+谓语动词原形(+其他)Willyougoshoppingtomorrow?你明天要去购物吗?②Is/Are+主语+goingto+谓语动词原形(+其他)Areyougoingtoplaybasketball?你要去打篮球吗?(4)特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句句式Whatareyougoingtodo?你打算做什么?Whenwillyougotomorrow?你明天什么时候去?2.一般将来时的用法(1)表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态Iwillgotothemovies.我要去看电影。(2)表示对未来的计划或打算Wearegoingtohaveaclassmeetingthisafternoon.我们今天下午打算开班会。热身小练③变一变。请你根据括号内的提示变换下列句子的形式。1.Theywon'tbelate.(变为肯定句)____________________________________________2.I'mgoingtohaveabirthdayparty.(变为否定句)____________________________________________3.MymotherisgoingtotakeatraintoShenzhen.(变为一般疑问句)____________________________________________答案：1.Theywillbelate.2.I'mnotgoingtohaveabirthdayparty.3.IsyourmothergoingtotakeatraintoShenzhen?四、现在进行时现在进行时表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在进行的动作。1.现在进行时的结构(1)肯定结构：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词(+其他)Theyaredancingnow.她们正在跳舞。(2)否定结构：主语+amnot/isn't/aren't+动词现在分词(+其他)Sheisn'tsleeping.她没在睡觉。(3)一般疑问句：ls/Are+主语+动词现在分词(+其他)Aretheyhavingfun?他们玩得开心吗?(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句句式Whoissinging?谁在唱歌?Whatareyoudoing?你在做什么?2.现在进行时的用法(1)表示现在正在进行的动作I'mlisteningtomusicnow.我正在听音乐。(2)表示现阶段正在进行或持续的动作Sheisstudyinghardthisterm.她这学期学习一直很努力。3.动词的现在进行时形式：动词的现在分词动词现在分词的变化规则一般情况下在动词词尾加ingwatch→watchingplay→playing以不发音的字母e结尾的动dance→dancinguse→using词，去e加inglive→livingclose→closing以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭

音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，

再加ingplan→planning

shop→shoppingstop→stopping

chat→chatting以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y,再

加ingdie→dyinglie→lying热身小练④变一变。请你根据括号内的提示变换下列句子的形式。1.Myfatherisreading.(变为否定句)____________________________________________2.Mymomandgrandmaarecooking.(变为一般疑问句)____________________________________________3.Heisplayingwiththelittledog.(对句子画线部分提问)____________________________________________答案：1.Myfatherisn'treading.2.Areyourmomandgrandmacooking?3.Whatishedoing?知识精练知识精练一、单选题()1．Mygrandpa________strong.Nowheisweak.A．is B．does C．was()2．—Whatareyoudoing?

—Iam________acard.A．makes B．making C．make()3．Yesterdaywe________apairofrunnersandaTshirtforLiMing.A．buy B．bought C．isbuying()4．Fromthenon,SamandTina______goodfriends.A．bee B．beed C．became()5．Jimoften_____forawalkafterdinner.Butyesterdayhe_____.A．go;doesn’t B．goes;didn’t C．went;didn’t D．went;doesn’t()6．Mikehelpshismotherathomeand______wellatschooltoo.A．do B．did C．does()7．—Howoften_______sheexercise?—Twiceaweek.A．do B．does C．doing D．did()8．We_______anydancingclassesonFriday.A．arehaving B．aren’thaving C．don’thave D．arehave()9．Heoften_______supperat6:00intheevening.A．have B．has C．ishaving D．iseating()10．Thelion_____thenetwithhisteeth,butthatdidn’t_____.A．bite;help B．bit;help C．bit;helped()11．—____didyou____lastweek?—Ivisitedmygrandmother.A．Where;do B．Where;go C．What;do D．What;go()12．Themouse______thelion_______outfromthenetatlast.A．help;got B．help;get C．helped;got D．helped;get()13．—Whatcolour_____you_____thisdesk?—I_____itpink.A．are;goingtopaint;amgoingtopaintB．do;paint;paintC．did;paint;painted()14．—_______hegoingtoHongKongnextweek?—No,he_______.A．Does;doesn't B．Is;isn't C．Will;won't()15．—WillyourparentsgotoHongKongnextyear?—No,_____.A．theywon’t B．theydon’t C．theyaren’t()16．What______theboys______dothisafternoon?A．is;going B．are;going C．are;goingto()17．________thechildrengoingtohaveapartyorwatchafilmforMike’sbirthday?A．Are B．Was C．will()18．Thechildrenare______carefully,buttheycan’t______anything.A．listening;hear B．listening;listen C．hearing;hear()19．—WhereisDan?—He__________intheplayground.He__________thereeverymorning.A．runs;runs B．isrunning;runs C．isrunning;isrunning()20．—Mikeis_______hisyellowTshirtinhisbedroom.—OK.Helikes_______yellow.A．wearing;puttingon B．puttingon;wearing C．wearing;wearing D．having;in()21．—Howistheweathertoday?—It’s_____.Look!It’s_____heavilynow.A．rain,rain B．rainy,raining C．rainy,rainy D．raining,rainy()22．Don’tspeak.He______thechildrenstories.A．tells B．telling C．istelling D．tell()23．—__________didyougotoNanjing?—I__________toNanjingbycar.A．How;go B．Where;went C．How;went D．Where;go()24．Twentyyearsago,Mike’sfather___________thetelephone___________people.A．used;called B．use;call C．used;tocall()25．Anniewithherfriends________watchafilminthecinemathedayaftertomorrow.A．isgoingto B．aregoingto C．goesto D．goto()26．I________Mumacardonherlastbirthday,butI________onethisyear.A．buy;made B．amgoingtobuy;amgoingtomake C．bought;amgoingtomake()27．There________afashionshowthisweekend.Shallwegotowatchittogether?A．willhave B．willbe C．isgoingto D．isgoingtohave()28．Itis________now.Itoften________hereinspring.A．raining;rainy B．raining;rains C．rained;rainy()29．John________kitesintheparklastnight.Heoften________kitesatweekends.A．flying;flies B．flew;flies C．fly;flew()30．—What's_______dream?—He_______tobeateacher.A．his;want B．his;wants C．he's;wants二、用单词正确形式填空31．Sheusually______(take)ametrotowork.32．Heusually_____(finish)hishomeworkbeforedinner.33．Everyone_________(have)adream.Mydreamistobeadoctor.34．Mikealways_________(have)mealsontime,buthissister_________.(donot).35．MissLiisaquietwoman.Sheoften____(stay)athome.36．MrSmithisaMaths____(teach).He____(teach)Mathswell.37．There’snothinginthebowl.Who____(eat)thenoodlesinit?38．—Why_______theking_______(look)sad?—Becausehecouldn’tseethemagicclothes.39．______Sam______(find)hiskiteyesterday?Yes.40．Theyoungmanwasn’thappybecausehe_______(lose)hisjob.41．We_______(live)inthetownwhenwewere_______(child).42．There______(be)anycoffeeinthefridgeyesterday.43．I_______(visit)mygrandparentsthedayaftertomorrow.44．LiuTaowill_____(watch)afilminthecinema.45．We____(have)apartyatschoolnextweek.46．They_______(move)thefactoryawayfromthetownnextyear.47．—Bignews!We__________(have)afashionshownextweek.—Well,MissLi__________(tell)usyesterday.48．—Who____(fly)thekitethere?—Helenis.49．Look!MissLi____(make)atelephonecalltoherfriend.50．Look!Fourhorses_____(run)overthere51．Thechildren____(swim)now.52．Look,mygrandpa____(learn)tobuygiftsontheInternet.53．People________(buy)manythingsfortheingChineseNewYear.54．Adogbarkedloudlynearmyhouseand_____(wake)meup.55．They_____(brush)theirteethbeforebedtimeeveryday.三、改写句子56．LiuTaohassomemeatfordinner.(改为一般疑问句)______LiuTao______anymeatfordinner.57．Ibrushmyteethinthemorning.(用YangLing改写句子)YangLing____________teethinthemorning.58．SuHaidoeswellatschool.(改为否定句)SuHai____________wellatschool.59．Mysisterwantstobeanurse.(改成一般疑问句)________________sister_______tobeanurse?60．Thereweresomeanimalshowsinthepark.(改为否定句)There___________________animalshowsinthepark.61．Ifoundmylostbook.

(改为一般疑问句)_________you_________yourlostbook?62．Mymotherwokemeupthismorning.(对划线部分提问)____________youupthismorning?63．Thekingishappytoday.(用twodaysago改写)Theking__________________twodaysago.64．I’llseeafilmwithHelen.(改为一般疑问句并否定回答)—____________seeafilmwithHelen?—______,____________.65．Thekingiswearingsomeclothes.(对划线部分提问)________theking________?66．Theywillbringsomeballoonstotheschooltomorrow.(对划线部分提问)_________theydotomorrow?67．Itwascoldandwindythismorning.(对划线部分提问)_________wastheweather_________thismorning?68．Tomwilltravelaroundtheworldwithhisfamily.(改为否定句)Tom_________aroundtheworldwithhisfamily.69．I’mgoingtoOceanParkfortheholiday.(改为一般疑问句)_________you_________toOceanParkfortheholiday?70．Mike’sgrandpaatenoodlesyesterdaymorning.(用now改写句子)Mike’sgrandpa__________noodlesnow.71．Kittyisplayingthepianoattheconcert.(对画线部分提问)_______Kitty_______attheconcer