上海市秋考高考英语试卷(精校版含答案)

上海市秋考高考英语试卷(精校版含答案)上海市普通高校秋季招生统一文化考试英语试卷第I卷（共100分）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Inasupermarket.B.Atthelaundry.C.Inaclothingstore.D.Atthetailor’s.2.A.Heenjoysworkinghard.B.Heistiredofpilesofwork.C.Hiscomplaintaboutworkissensible.D.Hishardworkdoesn’tpayoff.3.A.He’schangingthelight.B.He’sburningthewires.C.He’sdancingonthedesk.D.He’scheckingthebulb.4.A.₤100.B.₤200.C.₤700.D.₤600.5.A.Shehasnochancetogetthejob.B.Sheissuretobehired.C.Therewillbeafiercecompetition.D.Otherswillnotgivethechancetoher.6.A.Theman’shabitofdrinkingwinekeepshimawakeallnight.B.Thismanshouldsleepinacomfortablebed.C.Alittledrinkingcanmakethemansleepmorecomfortably.D.Boththebedandthewineshouldbeblamedfortheman’sinsomnia.7.A.Thesizeoftheshirtisprobablysmallforhim.B.Hedoesn’twantanynewshirt.C.He’sexercisingtoputonsomeweight.D.Thereceiptisessentialtobuyanothershirt.8.A.Leadhimtotakeanotherflight.B.Providehimwithaplacetostaytonight.C.Tellhisfriendstopickhimupattheairport.D.Informhimofthenewflightintime.9.A.Averypopularhotel.B.Thecompetitivejobmarket.C.Thelargepopulationofthecity.D.ThehotnewsonTV.10.A.ThephysicsproblemisGreektoallthestudents.B.ProfessorSmithcannotteachthestudentswell.C.Themanstilldoesn’tunderstandtheproblem.D.Itisunfortunateforthemantohavephysicsclass.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions1lthrough13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Britain.B.France.C.Spain.D.America.12.A.St.Augustinewasdestroyedbythehurricanesin2017.B.AmericabecameinchargeofSt.Augustinein1821.C.TheUnitedKingdomistherealownerofSt.Augustinenow.D.Thevisitorsdonotliketoseethecoastalviewsthere.13.A.TheextraordinaryhistoryofSt.Augustine.B.ThehardshipsSt.Augustineoncesuffered.C.ThepopularcoastaltourismofSt.Augustine.D.ThebeautifularchitectureandsceneryinSt.Augustine.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.ThetransportsystemofLondonisavailableeverywhere.B.Tokyo’slostpropertyofficeisthebiggestoneintheworld.C.ThelostitemsareanimportantsourceoffundingforLondon.D.Inmostcases,peopledon’tcareaboutthethingstheylost.15.A.Thelostitemsarecollectedalloverthecountry.B.Losingoldthingsmaybecomeagoodchancefornewones.C.Theitemsthatarenotclaimedwillbevaluableforthetransport.D.Mostofthelostitemswillbegivenbacktotheowners.16.A.Losingshoesenablesthemtomeetnewopportunities.B.Thelostshoesaremeaninglesstothem.C.Theygetthechancetotreatthemselveswithnewshoes.D.Shoesoncegetlost,it’sdifficulttofindthemback.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.She’sdiscussingbusinesswiththisman.B.She’slookingaroundahouseforrent.C.She’swatchingthehouseshewantstobuy.D.She’stalkingabouttheloanwiththebankstaff.18.A.Thewinestoragearea.B.Theadvancedequipment.C.Therelaxingcolorsofthewall.D.Thereasonablelayout.19.A.It’sdirtycheap.B.It’sunreasonable.C.It’sunexpected.D.It’sacceptable.20.A.Thehouseholderoftenignorescustomers’offering.B.Thewomanissuperiortoothersinbuyingthishouse.C.Thehouseagentisuncertainaboutthewoman’soffering.D.Thehousehasbeenorderedinadvancebyotherpeople.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Acomprehensivestudyof4,500childrenconductedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthin2018showsthatchildrenwhospentmorethansevenhoursadaystaringatscreensshowedevidenceofprematurethinningoftheirbrain’scortex—theouterlayerthatprocessessensoryinformation.“Wedon’tknowifit(21)__________(cause)bythescreentime.Wedon’tknowyetifit’sabadthing.Itwon’tbeuntilwefollowthemovertime(22)__________wewillseeifthereareoutcomesthatareassociatedwiththedifferencesthatwe’reseeinginthissinglesnapshot,”Dr.GayaDowling.“Whatwecansayisthatthisis(23)__________thebrainslooklikeofkidswhospendalotoftimeonscreens.Andit’snotjustonepattern.”Theproblemisn’tjustscreens(24)__________,butalsothewayscreenstemptkids(andadults)awayfromsomethingfarmoreimportant:physicalactivity.Morethan23percentofadultsand80percentofadolescentsdon’tgetenoughphysicalactivity,andaccordingtoa2019reportfromtheWorldHealthOrganization(WTO),thesepatternsofactivityandrestarise(25)__________habitswedevelopearlyinlife.“Whatwereallyneedtodois(26)__________(bring)backplayforchildren,”saysDr.JuanaWillumsen,aWHOspecialistinchildhoodobesityandphysicalactivity,inastatementaboutnewWHOguidelinesissuedinApril2019.“Thisisaboutmakingtheshiftfromsedentarytimetoplaytime,while(27)__________(protect)sleep.”Ofcourse,childrenaren’tcompletelytoblamefortheirscreenaddiction.Sometimes,theparents(28)__________complainabouttheroleofscreensinfamilylifearejustasguiltyofspendingtoomuchtimeinfrontofone.A2016study(29)__________(conduct)byCommonSenseMediafoundthatparentsspenduptoninehoursadayinfrontofscreens,mostlynotforwork-relatedreasons.While78percentofparentssaidtheybelievedtheyweregoodscreentimerolemodels,thestudyfoundadisconnectbetweentheirbehaviorandtheirperceptionoftheirbehavior.Parentsneedtolimitscreentimeforthemselvesandespeciallyfortheirkids—(30)__________itmeansplayingthebadguy.Ourmentalandphysicalhealthdependsonit.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.committedB.comparedC.contactD.delegationE.destructiveF.humbleG.

negotiateH.respelledI.similarJ.superiorsK.witnessed

SomeVery“American”WordsComefromChineseManyoftheChinesewordsthatarenowpartofEnglishwereborrowedlongago.TheyaremostoftenfromCantonese(粤语)orotherChineselanguagesratherthanMandarin.Let’sstartwith

them.kowtowTheEnglishword

kowtow

isaverbthatmeanstoagreetooeasilytodowhatsomeoneelsewantsyoutodo,ortoobeysomeonewithpowerinawaythatseems(31)__________.ItcomesfromtheCantoneseword

kautau,whichmeans"knockyourhead."Itreferstotheactof

kneeling

andloweringone'sheadasasignofrespectto

(32)__________

–suchasemperors,eldersandleaders.Inthecaseofemperors,theactrequiredthepersontotouchtheirheadtotheground.Britain'sLordGeorgeMacartneyrefusedto"kautau"totheQianlongEmperor.Soonafter,theEnglishword"kowtow"wasborn.In1793,Britain'sKingGeorgeIIIsentLordGeorgeMacartneyandothertradeambassadorstoChinato(33)__________atradeagreement.TheChineseaskedthemtokowtowtotheQianlongEmperor.Asthestorygoes,LordMacartneyrefusedforhis(34)__________

todomorethanbendtheirknees.Hesaidthatwasalltheywererequiredtodofortheirownking.Itisnotsurprising,then,thatMacartneyleftChinawithoutnegotiatingthetradeagreement.Afterthat,criticsusedthewordkowtowwhenanyonewastoo

submissive

toChina.Today,theusagehasnoconnectiontoChina,noranyspecificpoliticalconnection.gung-hoAnotherborrowedwordthatcameaboutthrough(35)__________betweentwonationsis

gung-ho.InEnglish,theword

gung-ho

isanadjectivethatmeansextremelyexcitedaboutdoingsomething.TheChinesecharacters"gōng"and"hé"togethermean"worktogether,cooperate."The

original

term--

gōngyèhézuòshè--

meansChineseIndustrialCooperatives.Theorganizationswereestablishedinthe1930sbyWesternersinChinato

promote

industrialandeconomicdevelopment.Lt.ColonelEvansCarlsonoftheUnitedStatesMarineCorpsobservedthesecooperativeswhilehewasinChina.Hewasimpressed,saying"...allthesoldiers

(36)__________themselvestooneideaandworkedtogethertoputthatideaover."Hethenbeganusingtheterm

gung-ho

intheMarineCorpstotrytocreatethesamespirithehad(37)__________.In1942,heusedthewordasatraining

slogan

forthe2ndMarineRaiderBattalionduringWorldWarII.Themenwereoftencalledthe"GungHoBattalion."Fromthen,theword

gung-ho

spreadasasloganthroughouttheMarineCorps.Today,itsmeaninghasnorelationtothemilitary.typhoonInEnglish,a

typhoon

isaverypowerfuland

(38)__________

stormthatoccursaroundtheChinaSeaandintheSouthPacific.ThewordhistoryoftyphoonhadafarlessdirectpathtotheEnglishlanguagethangung-ho.Andnotallhistoricalaccountsarethesame.But,accordingtotheMerriam-WebsterNewBookofWordHistories,thefirsttyphoonsreportedintheEnglishlanguagewereinIndiaandwerecalled"touffons"or"tufans."Theword

tufan

or

al-tufan

isArabicandmeansviolentstormorflood.TheEnglishcameacrossthiswordinIndiaandborroweditas

touffon.Later,whenEnglishshipsencounteredviolentstormsintheChinaSea,EnglishmenlearnedtheCantoneseword

taifung,whichmeans"greatwind."Theword's(39)__________to

touffon

isonlybychance.Themodernformoftheword–typhoon–wasinfluencedbytheCantonesebut

(40)__________

tomakeitappearmoreGreek.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.When17-year-oldQuattroMusserhangsoutwithfriends,theydon'tdrinkbeerorcruisearoundincarswiththeirdates.(41)__________,theysticktoG-ratedactivitiessuchasrock-climbingortalkingaboutbooks.Theyareingoodcompany,accordingtoanewstudyshowingthatteenagersareincreasinglydelayingactivitiesthathadlongbeenseenasritesofpassageintoadulthood.Thestudy,publishedTuesdayinthejournalChildDevelopment,foundthatthepercentageof(42)__________intheU.S.whohaveadriver'slicense,whohavetriedalcohol,whodate,andwhoworkforpayhasplummetedsince1976,withthemostprecipitous(急剧的)(43)__________inthepastdecade.Thedeclinesappearedacrossrace,geographic,andsocioeconomiclines,andinrural,urban,andsuburbanareas.Tobesure,morethanhalfofteensstillengageintheseactivities,butthe(44)__________haveslimmedconsiderably.Teenshavealsoreportedasteadydeclineinsexualactivityinrecentdecades,astheportionofhighschoolstudentswhohavehadsexfellfrom54percentin1991to41percentin2015,accordingtoCentersforDiseaseControlstatistics."Peoplesay,'Oh,it'sbecauseteenagersaremoreresponsible,ormorelazy,ormoreboring,'butthey're(45)__________thelargertrend,"saidJeanTwenge,leadauthorofthestudy,whichdrewonsevenlargetime-lagsurveysofAmericans.Rather,shesaid,kidsmaybeless(46)__________inactivitiessuchasdating,drivingorgettingjobsbecauseintoday'ssociety,theynolongerneedto.Accordingtoanevolutionarypsychologytheorythataperson's"lifestrategy"slowsdownorspeedsupdependingonhisorher(47)__________,exposuretoa"harshandunpredictable"environmentleadstofasterdevelopment,whileamoreresource-richandsecureenvironmenthasthe(48)__________effect,thestudysaid.Inthefirst(49)__________,"You'dhavealotofkidsandbeinsurvivalmode,starthavingkidsyoung,expectyourkidswillhavekidsyoung,andexpectthattherewillbemore(50)__________andfewerresources,"saidTwenge,apsychologyprofessoratSanDiegoStateUniversitywhoistheauthorof"iGen:WhyToday'sSuper-ConnectedKidsAreGrowingUpLessRebellious,MoreTolerant,LessHappy-andCompletelyUnpreparedforAdulthood."Inthatmodelateenageboymightbethinkingmore(51)__________aboutmarriage,anddrivingacarandworkingforpaywouldbeimportantfor"establishingmatevaluebasedonprocurementofresources,"thestudysaid.ButAmericaisshiftingmoretowardthe(52)__________model,andthechangeisapparentacrossthesocioeconomicspectrum,Twengesaid."Eveninfamilieswhoseparentsdidn'thaveacollegeeducation...familiesaresmaller,andtheideathatchildrenneedtobecarefully(53)__________hasreallysunkin."The(54)__________of"adultactivities"couldnotbeattributedtomorehomeworkorextracurricularactivities,thestudysaid,notingthatteenstodayspendfewerhoursonhomeworkandthesameamountoftimeonextracurricularsastheydidinthe1990s(withtheexceptionofcommunityservice,whichhasrisenslightly).NorcouldtheuseofsmartphonesandtheInternetbeentirelythe(55)__________,thereportsaid,sincethedeclinebeganbeforetheywerewidelyavailable.Ifthedelayistomakeroomforcreativeexplorationandformingbettersocialandemotionalconnections,itisagoodthing,hesaid.41.A.ThereforeB.RatherC.MoreoverD.Besides42.A.childhoodB.neighborhoodC.adolescentsD.adulthood43.A.escapesB.endsC.decreasesD.changes44.A.minoritiesB.majoritiesC.massesD.amounts45.A.takingB.avoidingC.sendingD.missing46.A.interestedB.enviedC.relievedD.realized47.A.emotionsB.surroundingsC.customsD.habits48.A.wrongB.sameC.oppositeD.similar49.A.eventB.issueC.caseD.occasion50.A.troubleB.questionsC.benefitsD.diseases51.A.respectivelyB.delicatelyC.seriouslyD.considerably52.A.slowerB.betterC.smallerD.faster53.A.emphasizedB.relatedC.organizedD.educated54.A.implementB.postponementC.achievementD.payment55.A.causeB.impactC.factD.resultSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Bitcoinandotherso-calledcryptocurrencies(加密货币)havebeenalloverthenewslately.Apparently,theideaofmoneythat’snottiedtoaspecificbank-oraspecificcountry-isappealingtomany.Butit'sworthrememberingthatthebankingsystemthatwenowalllivewithisjustthat:Amoderninvention.Notsolongago,moneywasalmostalwayscreatedandusedlocally,andbarteringwascommon.Infact,itstilliscommonamongmanyonlinelocalnetworks,liketheBuyNothingProject.).Inthepast,money'smakeupvariedfromplacetoplace,dependingonwhatwasconsideredvaluablethere.Sowhilesomeoftheworld'sfirstcoinsweremadefromanaturallyoccurringhybridofgoldandsilvercalledelectrum(银金矿),objectsotherthancoinshaveservedascurrency,includingbeads,ivory,livestock,andcowrieshells.InWestAfrica,braceletsofbronzeorcopperwereusedascash,especiallyifthetransactionwasassociatedwiththeslavetradethere.Throughoutthecolonialperiod,tobaccowasusedinlieuofcoinsorpaperbillsinVirginia,MarylandandNorthCarolina,eventhoughitwasusedelsewhereinthecoloniesandextensivelythroughoutEuropeandtheU.K.Today,onanislandinthePacific,aspecifictypeofshellstillservesascurrency-andsomepeoplethereareevenhoarding(贮存)it,justlikeBitcoinmoguls,convincedthatoneday,itwillmakethemwealthybeyondimagination.OnMalaita,themost-populatedislandthat'spartoftheSolomonIslands,shellsareacceptedatmostplacesinexchangeforgoods."Howmuchtuna(金枪鱼)youcangetforyourshellsdependsontheircolorandshape,"MaryBruno,ashopownerfromthesmalltownofAuki,onMalaita,toldVice."Onestripofdarkershellsmightgetyouabouttwocansofsmallertuna,buttheredonesareworthmore.Fortheredones,onestripmightgetenoughtunatofeedabigfamilyforalongtime."Justlikeamintthatcreatescoins,there'sonlyoneplaceontheislandwheretheshells,whicharepolishedandstrungtogethertoform3-foot-longropes,aremade.Thestripsofred,white,andblackshellsallcomefromLangaLangaLagoon,whereartificialislandswerelong-agobuiltbylocalstoescapefromtheisland-dwellingcannibals.Oncemarooned(困住)outontheirislands,localsneededacurrencytouseamongthemselves,andsotheshellcurrencywasborn.UsingshellsformoneywascommonthroughoutthePacificislandsaslateastheearly1900s,butMalaitaisuniqueinthattheyarestillusedtoday.Andjustlikecryptocurrencies,therearethosewhothinktheislandersaresmarttoinvestinthistypeofmoney,whichisreportedtohaveriseninvalueoverthelastthreedecades.Itmightseemstrangetohoardabunchofprocessed,strung-togethershells,butwhatisapileofdollars?Justaspeciallyprintedpieceofpaperandhempthatwe'veassignedvalueto—andprobablylessdurableovertimethanthoseshells.56.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Moneywascreatedandwaswidelyusedintheworld.B.TobaccowasusedascoinsorpaperbillsinAmericaninthepast.C.Theingredientsofworld’sfirstcoinsmaybethecombinationofgoldandsilver.D.Usingshellsformoneyhasbeenoutofdateintheworld.57.Theword“mint”inparagraph5isclosestinthemeaningto“__________”.A.akindofmoneythatcanexchangeB.theleavesofamintplantusedfreshorcandiedC.aplacetoproduceandpolishshellsD.afactorythatproducescurrency58.What’sopinionoftheauthortowardsshellsformoney?A.Reasonable.B.Imaginary.C.Convenient.D.Inventive.59.Whichofhefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheHistoryofBitcoinB.ShellsStillMoneyC.TheCurrencyIsofGreatUseD.SomeShells(B)MovingaGiantThelogisticsofexcavating(挖掘)andrelocatingatown’scentury-old,livingsequoia(红杉)tree.InhabitantsofBoise,Idaho,watchedwithtrepidationearlierthisyearasthecity'soldest,tallestresidentmovedtwoblocks.The105-year-oldsequoiatreeservesasalocallandmark,notonlyforitslongevitybutalsobecauserenownednaturalistandSierraClubco-founderJohnMuirprovidedtheoriginalseedling.So,whenSaintLuke'sHealthSystemfoundthatthe10-story-tallconifer(针叶树)stoodstoodinthewayofitsplannedhospitalexpansion,officialscalledtree-movingfirmEnvironmentalDesign.TheTexas-basedcompanyhasdevelopedandpatentedscoopingandliftingtechnologytomovemassivetrees.Weighinginatmorethan800,000pounds,theBoisesequoiaisitslargestundertakingyet.“I(had)lostenoughsleepoverthis,"saysDavidCox,thecompany'sWesternregionvicepresident-andthatwasbeforethehospitalmentionedthetree'sdistinguishedorigin.Beforetheheavyliftingbegan,theteamassessedtherootsystemanddugafive-foot-deepcylinder,measuring40feetindiameter,aroundthetrunktoprotectallessentialroots.Afterencapsulatingtherootballinwiremesh,themoversallowedthetreetoacclimatetoitsnewsituationforsevenmonthsbeforerelocatingit.Theillustrationdetailswhatfollowed.—LeslieNemo1.MarkA.MeritandhisteamatEnvironmentalDesigninstalledunderneaththerootballaplatformofseven-inch-diameter,44-foot-longsteelbarsand,justbelowtherods,afirstsetofuninflatedairbags(showningray).Theteamalsodugashallowramp.2.Inroughly15minutes,themoversinflatedtheairbagstoaboutthreefeetindiametertoraisetherootballtothesurfaceofthehole.3.Byunderinflatingthefrontbags,theteamallowedtheplatformcarryingthetreetorolluptherampandoutoftheholewhilestayinglevel.Atrailerhauledthetreealongasteammembersremovedtheairbagsfromthebackoftheplatformandreplacedtheminthefront.Theyrepeatedtheprocessuntilthetreearrivedattheedgeofitsnewhome.4.Thereasecondsetofpartiallyinflatedbags(showninwhite)waitedinsidethehole.Soilsurroundingthesequoiainitsoriginallocationwasrelocatedaswell,becausetreesaremorelikelytosurviveatransplantwhentheymovewiththeiroriginalsoil.5.Usingthefirstsetofairbags,themoversrolledtheplatformintothenewhole.6.Thebagswaitingthereweretheninflatedfurthertotaketheweightofthesequoiawhilethetransportationbagsweredeflatedandremovedfromunderthetree.7.Thewhitebagswerethendeflatedinabouthalfanhourtolowerthesequoia’srootballtothebottomofitshole.Thebagswereremoved,butthemetalbarswereleftwiththetreebecausetheyrustanddegradeoveranumberofyears.8.Forthenextfiveyearsthelocalparkservicewillmonitorandmaintainthetreeinitsnewhome.60.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtoreplacethewordsunderlined“stoodinthewayof”?A.Resisted.B.Balanced.C.Blocked.D.Promoted.61.WhatisthereasonfortherelocationofSequoiatrees?A.BecausetheScoopingandliftingtechnologyshouldbeputintouse.B.Becauseitblockslocalhospitalexpansionplans.C.Becauseitcorrespondstogovernment’splanofEnvironmentalDesign.D.Becausesequoiatreesareoverahundredyearsold.62.Howwillthemigratedsequoiatreesbedealtwith?A.Theywillbegivennewsoilinthenewlivingenvironment.B.Metalrodsusedtomovesequoiatreeswillnotbeleftonthetrees.C.Theywillbekeptintransportbagsallthetime.D.Theywillbemanagedbyspecialistsinthenextfiveyears.(C)UnderstandtheEconomicConceptofaBudgetLineTheterm“budgetline”hasseveralrelatedmeanings,includingacouplethatareself-evidentandathirdthatisnot.TheBudgetLineasanInformalConsumerUnderstandingThebudgetlineisanelementaryconceptthatmostconsumersunderstandintuitivelywithoutaneedforgraphsandequations—it'sthehouseholdbudget,forexample.Takeninformally,thebudgetlinedescribestheboundaryofaffordabilityforagivenbudgetandspecificgoods.Givenalimitedamountofmoney,aconsumercanonlyspendthatsameamountbuyinggoods.IftheconsumerhasXamountofmoneyandwantstobuytwogoodsAandB,shecanonlypurchasegoodstotalingX.IftheconsumerneedsanamountofAcosting0.75X,shecanthenspendonly0.25X,theamountremaining,onherpurchaseofB.Thisseemsalmosttooobvioustobotherwritingorreadingabout.Asitturnsout,however,thissameconcept—onethatmostconsumersmakemanytimeseachdaywithreflectingonit—isthebasisofthemoreformalbudgetlineconceptineconomics,whichisexplainedbelow.LinesinaBudgetBeforeturningtotheeconomicsdefinitionof“budgetline”,consideranotherconcept:theline-itembudget.Thisiseffectivelyamapoffutureexpenditures,withalltheconstituentexpendituresindividuallynotedandquantified.There’snothingverycomplicatedaboutthis;inthisusage,abudgetlineisoneofthelinesinthebudget,withtheserviceorgoodtobepurchasednamedandthecostquantified.TheBudgetLineasanEconomicsConceptOneoftheinterestingwaysthestudyofeconomicsrelatestohumanbehaviorgenerallyisthatalotofeconomictheoryistheformalizationofthekindofsimpleconceptoutlinedabove--aconsumer'sinformalunderstandingoftheamountshehastospendandwhatthatamountwillbuy.Intheprocessofformalization,theconceptcanbeexpressedasamathematicalequationthatcanbeappliedgenerally.ASimpleBudgetLineGraphTounderstandthis,thinkofagraphwheretheverticallinesquantifyhowmanymovieticketsyoucanbuyandwherethehorizontallinesdothesameforcrimenovels.Youlikegoingtothemoviesandreadingcrimenovelsandyouhave$150tospend.Intheexamplebelow,assumethateachmoviecosts$10andeachcrimenovelcosts$15.Themoreformaleconomicstermforthesetwoitemsisbudgetset.Ifmoviescost$10each,thenthemaximumnumberofmoviesyoucanseewiththemoneyavailableis15.Tonotethisyoumakeadotatthenumber15(fortotalmovietickets)attheextremeleft-handsideofthechart.Thissamedotappearsattheextremeleftabove"0"onthehorizontalaxisbecauseyouhavenomoneyleftforbooks--thenumberofbooksavailableinthisexampleis0.Youcanalsographtheotherextreme--allcrimenovelsandnomovies.Sincecrimenovelsintheexamplecost$15andyouhave$150available,ifyouspendalltheavailablemoneycrimenovels,youcanbuy10.Soyouputadotonthehorizontalaxisatthenumber10.You'llplacethedotatthebottomoftheverticalaxisbecauseinthisinstanceyouhave$0availableformovietickets.Ifyounowdrawalinefromthehighest,leftmostdottothelowest,rightmostdotyou'llhavecreatedabudgetline.Anycombinationofmoviesandcrimenovelsthatfallsbelowthebudgetlineisaffordable.Anycombinationaboveitisnot.63.WhichsentenceaboutthebudgetlineisNOTTRUE?A.Itisalimitationofaffordabilityforagivenbudgetandspecificgoods.B.Mostcostumerswillbeconfusedwiththisconceptbecauseofitscomplex.C.Itistheeffectivelyamapoffutureexpenditures.D.Itcanbeexpressedasamathematicalequation.64.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Totellusanyconceptcanbeexpressedasamathematicalequation.B.TohelpusfigureoutthemeaningBudgetLine.C.Totellusweshouldbudgetbeforewebuygoods.D.TogiveaninstructionofdrawingabudgetLine.65.Assumethateachmoviecost$10andeachcrimenovelcosts$15,youhave$150.WhichisRIGHTaccordingtothispassage?A.Themaximumnumberofmoviesyoucanseeis10.B.Themaximumnumberofcrimenovelsyoucanbyis15.C.Youcanbuy7crimenovelsandsee5movies.D.Youcanbuy7crimenovelsandsee4movies.66.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.Arewereallyknowtheeconomicconceptofabudgetline?B.TheBudgetLineasanEconomicsConceptC.TheBudgetLineasanInformalConsumerUnderstandingD.TheComplexConce