2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit6Spaceandbeyond课时分层作业3含解析外研版选择性必修第四册

PAGEUnit6Spaceandbeyond课时分层作业(十八)Ⅰ.阅读理解AItisquiteapparentthatcompetitionsurroundseveryaspectofhumanlifewhetherintheUnitedStatesortheAmazonrainforest.Withoutitwewouldnothavegrownintoprimates(灵长目动物)．Orwewouldprobablystillbestrugglingtosharpenabronzetoolwhilecrawlingaroundonfourlegsinsearchofmeat.Withoutcompetition，Columbuswouldn'thavediscoveredAmericaandEdisonwouldneverhaveinventedthelightbulb.Thefriendship，likeallrelationshipsbetweentwopeople，involvescompetition.Itisn'tcompetitioninatraditionalsensebecausetherearenogoalstobescoredandnoprizes.Perhapstheecologicaldefinition—thesimultaneous(同时的)demandbytwoormoreorganismsforlimitedenvironmentalresources，suchasnutrients，livingspace，orlight—betterexplainsit.Asinnature，highschoollifeisgovernedbyasetoflaws，similartoashortenedversionofDarwin'stheoryofevolution，overpopulation，andcompetition.Thereisanabundanceofhighschoolstudentsandtodistinguishthem，rankingandcategorizing(分类)takeplace.Inhighschool，friendshipco­existswithcompetitioneventhoughattimestherelationshipisrough.Infact，insomecircumstances，competitionistoomuchofaburdenforfriendshiptobear，causingittofallapart.Collegeadmissionisthefinalhighschoolobjective.Three­yearsofhardworkistoachievegoodgrades，andastudent'sfateisdeterminednotonlybytheseachievements，butbytherecordsofthousandsofotherseniorstryingtoachievesimilarrecognition.Nevertheless，bynecessity，competitionbetweenstudentsexistsinallaspectsofhighschoollife.Itsetsandimprovesthestandardsineverythingfromsportstoschoolwork.Healthy，friendlycompetitioncanhaveonlybenefits，butwhenitbecomestoofierce，jealousy(嫉妒)cantearfriendshipapart.Yet，despiteallthis，withoutcompetition，wewouldbelost.【语篇解读】本文是一篇争论文。文章主要论述了友情和竞争之间的关系，健康的竞争促进友情，而恶性的竞争则破坏友情。1．Whatdoestheecologicaldefinitionmainlyexplain?A．Howfriendscompetewitheachother.B．Howtowinthecompetition.C．Whattheresultofcompetitionis.D．Whatcompetitionexactlyis.D[细微环节理解题。分析其次段最终一句可知，该句的主干是Perhapstheecologicaldefinitionbetterexplainsit，其中“it”指代的是前一句中的“competition”。两个破折号之间的内容说明“theecologicaldefinition”。句意：两个或者更多的生物体同时对有限的生态环境资源有需求，如养分物质、生存空间、光——这一生态学定义更好地说明了竞争(的含义)。故选D项。]2．Accordingtotheauthor，whatcausesthehighschoolstudentstocompete?A．Thenumberofthemistoolarge.B．Friendshipisaburdenforthem.C．Theyknowthelawsofnaturewell.D．Theyaredividedintodifferentgroups.A[细微环节理解题。依据第三段内容可知，中学生活与自然界一样有一系列的规则，这与达尔文关于进化、人口过多和竞争的理论相像。也正是因为学生人数众多，为了区分，所以对学生进行了排名、分类。再加上考高校这一中学生活的最终目标的压力，中学生之间的竞争就不行避开地产生了。故选A项。]3．Whichbestdescribestherelationshipoffriendshipandcompetition?A．Friendshipisalwaysbasedoncompetition.B．Thedegreeofcompetitionisvitaltofriendship.C．Competitionisterriblyharmfultofriendship.D．Competitionisaresultoflostfriendship.B[推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“Healthy，friendlycompetitioncanhaveonlybenefits，butwhenitbecomestoofierce，jealousy(嫉妒)cantearfriendshipapart.”可知，健康的、友好的竞争对友情有好处，而过于激烈的、存在嫉妒的竞争会使友情裂开。因此竞争的度对友情是至关重要的。故选B项。]4．Whatdoestheauthorthinkof“competition”？A．Theresultsofcompetitionareoutofcontrol.B．Competitionbecomesfiercerinhighschool.C．Competitioniscertaintohappeninhighschool.D．Friendshipisnotasimportantascompetitioninhighschools.C[细微环节理解题。依据最终一段第一句“Nevertheless，bynecessity，competitionbetweenstudentsexistsinallaspectsofhighschoollife.”可知，作者认为中学生活的各个方面存在竞争是必定的。故选C项。]BSomepeoplearesorude!Whosendsane­mailoratextmessagethatjustsays“Thankyou”？Wholeavesavoicemailmessageratherthantextsyou?WhoasksforafacteasilyfoundonGoogle?Don'tthesepeoplerealizethatthey'rewastingyourtime?MaybeI'mtherudeonefornotappreciatinglife'slittlepoliteness.Butmanysocialagreedstandardsjustdon'tmakesensetopeopledrowningindigitalcommunication.Intexts，youdon'thavetodeclarewhoyouareorevensayhello.E­mail，too，isslowerthanatext.Voicemailisanowimpolitewayoftryingtoconnect.Myfatherlearnedthislessonafterleavingmeadozenvoicemailmessages，noneofwhichIlistenedto.Exasperated，hecalledmysistertoexpresshisdissatisfactionthatIneverreturnedhisphonecalls.“Whyareyouleavinghimvoicemail？”mysisterasked.“Justtexthim.”Intheageofthesmartphone，thereisnoreasontoaskonce­acceptablequestionsabout：theweatherforecast，abusiness'sphonenumber，ordirectionstoahouse，arestaurant，whichcanbeeasilyfoundonGoogleMaps.Butpeoplestillaskthesethings.Andwhenyouanswer，theyrespondwithathank­youe­mail.Howtohandlethesedifferingstandards?Easy.Consideryouraudience.Somepeople，especiallyolderones，appreciateathank­youmessage.Others，likeme，wantnoreply.Theanthropologist(人类学家)MargaretMeadoncesaidthatintraditionalsocieties，theyounglearnfromtheold.Butinmodernsocieties，theoldcanalsolearnfromtheyoung.Here'shopingthatpolitenessnevergoesoutoffashionbutthattime­wastingformsofcommunicationdo.【语篇解读】本文是一篇争论文。文章主要探讨了如今在智能手机时代，人们应当选择哪种方式进行沟通。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Exasperated”meaninthefifthparagraph?A．Worried. B．Surprised.C．Annoyed. D．Tired.C[词义揣测题。依据画线词后面的“hecalledmysistertoexpresshisdissatisfactionthatIneverreturnedhisphonecalls”可知，作者的父亲对作者不给自己回电话很不满，由此可推知exasperated意思是“愤怒的，生气的”，故选C。]6．Whydidn'tthewriterreplytohisfather?A．Helikedtextmessagesbetter.B．Heenjoyedcheckinghisvoicemail.C．Hedidn'treceiveanyvoicemailmessages.D．Hedidn'twanttotalkwithhisfather.A[推理推断题。依据第五段最终一句“‘Whyareyouleavinghimvoicemail？’mysisterasked.‘Justtexthim.’”可推知，作者不喜爱用语音信箱，更偏爱发短信，故选A。]7．Whichofthefollowingdoesthewriteragreeto?A．Peopleneedn'tlearnfromoneanotherintraditionalsocieties.B．Dealingwithvoicemailshouldvarywitheachindividual.C．Peopleneedn'tturntoGoogleforhelpwhenintrouble.D．Declaringwhoyouareorsayinghellointextsisnecessary.B[推理推断题。依据倒数其次段的内容可推知，标准是改变的，处理方式应当因人而异，而不是一刀切，语音信箱的运用亦是如此，故选B。]8．What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A．Nowadays：whatshouldwedowithtextmessages?B．Nowadays：doyoulikeleavingothersavoicemessage?C．Nowadays：whatmeansshouldweuseincommunication?D．Nowadays：doyouneedathank­youmessage?C[标题归纳题。依据对文章内容的整体理解可知，第三段引入本文话题，最终两段点题总结，本文主要探讨的是如今(在智能手机时代)我们应当用何种方式进行沟通，故选C项。]Ⅱ.读后续写阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。TheMeredithfamilylivedinasmallcommunity.Astheeconomywasindecline，somepeopleinthetownhadlosttheirjobs.Manyoftheirfamilieswerestrugglingtomakeendsmeet.Peopleweretryingtohelpeachothermeetthechallenges.Mrs.Meredithwasamostkindandthoughtfulwoman.Shespentagreatdealoftimevisitingthepoor.Sheknewtheyhadproblems，andtheyneededallkindsofhelp.Whenshehadtime，shewouldbringfoodandmedicinetothem.Onemorningshetoldherchildrenaboutafamilyshehadvisitedthedaybefore.Therewasamansickinbed，hiswife，whotookcareofhimandcouldnotgoouttowork，andtheirlittleboy.Thelittleboy—hisnamewasBernard—hadinterestedherverymuch.“Iwishyoucouldseehim，”shesaidtoherownchildren，John，Harry，andClara.“Heissuchahelptohismother.Hewantsverymuchtoearnsomemoney，butIdon'tseewhathecando.”Aftertheirmotherlefttheroom，thechildrensatthinkingaboutBernard.“Iwishwecouldhelphimtoearnmoney，”saidClara.“Hisfamilyissufferingsomuch.”“SodoI，”saidHarry.“Wereallyshoulddosomethingtoassistthem.”Forsomemoments，Johnsaidnothing，but，suddenly，hesprangtohisfeetandcried，“Ihaveagreatidea！Ihaveasolutionthatwecanallhelpaccomplish(完成)．”Theotherchildrenalsojumpedupallattention.WhenJohnhadanidea，itwassuretobeagoodone.“Itellyouwhatwecando，”saidJohn.“YouknowthatbigboxofcornUncleJohnsentus？Well，wecanmakepopcorn(爆米花)，andputitintopaperbags，andBernardcantakeitaroundtothehousesandsellit.”留意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式作答。Paragraph1：WhenMrs.MeredithheardofJohn'sidea，shethoughtitwasagoodone，too.Paragraph2：Witheverythingready，Bernardstartedoutonhisnewbusiness.