2025届高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧08观点态度推理与确定含解析

典型技巧08观点看法推理与确定【考情角度】考情分析这类试题常出现在环境爱护类说明文中，此类文章往往是现象类说明文，这样的说明文主题句常位于首段首句。在阅读文章时应先确定说明文的依次和方法，再阅读题干，结合题干要求在文中找寻答题线索，确定答案。考查角度常考查主旨大意题、观点看法题或写作意图题。【真题再现】(2024·全国卷Ⅰ·D)主题语境：环境爱护Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofoureq\a\vs4\al(worn)technologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorkeq\a\vs4\al(tracked)theenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehaseq\a\vs4\al(evolved)sincetheearly1990s.Deviceswereeq\a\vs4\al(grouped)bygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox­setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande­readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving­roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetseq\a\vs4\al(planted)inthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse，”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourpereq\a\vs4\al(household)in1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopeq\a\vs4\al(monitors)andboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyeq\a\vs4\al(consumption)andcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethaneq\a\vs4\al(doubling)duringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat'sthesolution(解决方案)?Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon­demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.1.Whatdoestheauthoreq\a\vs4\al(thinkofnewdevices)？A.Theyareenvironment­friendly. B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome. D.Theygooutofstylequickly.2.Whydideq\a\vs4\al(Babbitt'steamconducttheresearch)？A.Toreducethecostofminerals.B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.3.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox­setTV. B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV. D.Thedesktopcomputer.4.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem. B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem. D.Recyclethem.答案与解析：1.A2.D3.B4.A1.第一段最终一句提出旧设备比新设备更消耗实力，由此可知正确选项。2.其次段第一句就点出了该团队的探讨目的。3.依据文章主旨(新设备消耗能源少)，结合尾段最终一句可知正确答案。4.依据主旨“新电子设备比旧电子设备环保”，结合最终一段的解决方案，即可得出答案。【技巧释义】分析措辞确定观点看法►速读首段查找主题句，确定说明对象as引导的从句是主题句，说明旧设备要比新设备更消耗能量。(可解第1题)►速读全文查找说明依次和方法本文以提出现象→分析现象→提出解决方法的依次呈现。①第2段说明探讨人员的探讨目的和对电子产品的时代分类(可解第2题)②第3段说明探讨人员对新旧电子产品耗能和温室气体排放的分析(可解第3题)►提出解决方法探讨人员对利用新设备耗能的探究结果(可解第4题)►微技能观点看法题定位相关表感情色调的词语和句子，推断作者观点和看法【词汇积累】evolvevi.&vt.逐步形成；渐渐演化householdn.家庭consumptionn.消耗；消费outdatedadj.过时的groupvt.将……分类plantvt.稳固地放置monitorn.显示器，监测仪trackvt.追踪；记录doublevi.加倍【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）1ModesteTraorehaslivedhiswholelifenearLakeWegnia,intheSahelareaofMali.Thelake’sfishhaveprovidedhimwithawaytoearnmoneytosupporthisextendedfamily.How-ever,becausehecan’tcatchenoughfishtofeedhisfamily,henowraisesfarmanimals.Butastemperaturesrise,evaporationincreases,makingthebodyofwatershrinks.StudieshavelinkedrisingtemperaturesonEarth’ssurfacetoclimatechange.Thelakeisshrinking,soarethechancesofhischildrenbecomingfishermen.“Ifthingsgoonlikethis,Idon’tthinkourchildrencanbecomefishermenlikeus.Theywillhavetochooseotherjobs,”the56-year-oldTraoresaid.“Duringtherainyseason,thereisalotofwaterbutassoonasit’sover,thereisnowaterleftinthelake.Wearefishermen.Idon’tthinkourchildrenwillbe,”hesaid.LakeWegniaisintheSahelregionofKoulikoro,around120kilometersnorthofMali’scapital,Bamako.Some12,000people,includingfishermenandfarmers,dependonitforfood,waterandemployment.Butthelakehasshrunkby20percentsince2024.TheUNexpectstemperaturestheretoincrease1.5timeshigherthantheaverageincreaseworldwide.UNofficialsnotethatthefloodingandaseverelackofrainfallcancauseproblemsintheSahel:Foodinsecurity,thefightoverfarmlandandthefastpopulationgrowthcanleadtoconflict.AidgroupisleadingtheEco-LacWegniaproject.Thegroupisworkingtoimprovewatermanagementandfighttheeffectsofglobalwarming.MoussaSavagodoisEco-LacWegnia’slocalrepresentative.Hesaysthatfailingtomakechangesquicklycanmeanthelakewilldisappearcompletelyinlessthan5years.PeopleintheruralareasWegniaandKononi-Sirakorohaveplanted56,000treesinthepasttwoyears.Andtheyarebettercontrollingtheirwaterbybuildingstonebarrierstohelpthesoilkeeptherainthatdoesfall.Theprogressandinternationalofficialsupportarenotenoughforthem,however.Moreandmorepeopleareturningtootheragriculture.1.HowdidTraoreworktosupporthisfamilyinthepast?A.Byfishing. B.Byraisingfarmanimals.C.Bytakingchargeofthelake. D.Byworkingasanenvironmentalist.2.WhateffectwillthecurrenttrendofthelakehaveaccordingtoTraore?A.Alotoffarmlandwillform.B.Therainyseasonwillendearly.C.Manyfishermenwillfleetheirhomes.D.Thelatergenerationwillchangetheircareers.3.WhichstatementdotheUNandAidgroupagreewith?A.Droughtandfloodwilldirectlycauseconflict.B.Reducingpopulationisawaytoprotectthelake.C.Watermanagementmakesnodifferencetothelake.D.Theriseintemperaturewillcausewaterresourceproblems.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Thelocalofficials. B.TheAidgroupmembers.C.Thevillagers. D.Therepresentatives.【答案】1.A2.D3.D4.C【分析】本文是说明文。马里不断缩小的湖泊意味着渔民家庭的末日。随着气温上升和蒸发的增加，水体萎缩导致湖泊渐渐缩小，渔民的孩子成为渔民的机会也在削减。1.细微环节理解题。依据第一段“Thelake’sfishhaveprovidedhimwithawaytoearnmoneytosupporthisextendedfamily.How-ever,becausehecan’tcatchenoughfishtofeedhisfamily,henowraisesfarmanimals.”（湖中的鱼为他供应了赚钱养家的途径。然而，由于他捕不到足够的鱼来养活家人，他现在饲养农场动物。）可知，在过去，Traore靠捕鱼养家。故选A。2.推理推断题。依据其次段中“‘Ifthingsgoonlikethis,Idon’tthinkourchildrencanbecomefishermenlikeus.Theywillhavetochooseotherjobs,’he56-year-oldTraoresaid.”（“假如这样下去，我想我们的孩子可能成为不了我们这样的渔民了。他们将不得不选择其他工作，”56岁的特拉奥雷说。）可知，下一代人将会选择其他的职业。故选D。3.推理推断题。依据第四段“UNofficialsnotethatthefloodingandaseverelackofrainfallcancauseproblemsintheSahel:Foodinsecurity,thefightoverfarmlandandthefastpopulationgrowthcanleadtoconflict.”（联合国官员指出，洪水和严峻缺雨会给萨赫勒地区带来问题：粮食担心全、农田争夺和人口快速增长都可能导致冲突。）可知，可知温度上升会导致水资源的问题。故选D。4.词句揣测题。依据上文“PeopleintheruralareasWegniaandKononi-Sirakorohaveplanted56,000treesinthepasttwoyears.”（在Wegnia和Kononi-Sirakoro农村地区的人们在过去两年里种植了56000棵树。）以及下文“Moreandmorepeopleareturningtootheragriculture.”（越来越多的人转向其他农业。）可知这里指的是这些村民通过建立石头屏障来使土壤保持雨水，从而更好地限制水分。所以they指的是村民。故选C。2Boredomissomethingtoexperience.Ifkidsdon'tfigurethisoutearlyon,they'reinforanunpleasantsurprise.School,let'sfaceit,canbedullanditisn'tactuallytheteacher'sjobtoentertainaswellaseducate.-Inamuch-readstory,TheRelentlessnessofModemParenting,ClaireCainMillerreferredtoarecentstudythatfoundregardlessofclass,incomeorrace,parentsbelievedthat"childrenwhowereboredafterschoolshouldtakepartinextracurricularactivities,andthatparentswhowerebusyshouldstoptheirtaskanddrawwiththeirchildrenifasked."Parentspreparingforalongcarridearelikearmyofficersplanningacomplexlandmaneuver（(演习)）withthehelpofgamesandmoviesplayedoniPadandsmartphones.Whatdidparentsinthe1970sdowhenkidswerebored?Nothing!Theyletthembreatheingasfumes.Andsinceitwasn'tactuallyforwearing,playwiththebrokensafetybelt.Ifyoucomplainedaboutbeingboredbackthen,youwerereallyaskingforit."Cleanyourroom,"youmightget.Wasthisfun?No.Wasithelpful?Yes.Becausethingshappenwhenyou'rebored.SomeofthemostboringjobsI'vehadwerealsothemostcreative.Whilecheckingoutfoodatthesupermarket,Iinventedstoriesaboutpeople'spurchases.Themanbuyingeggplantandasix-packofbeerat9p.m.:Whichwasthemust-getthingandwhichtheimpulsepurchase?Howdidmyformerfifth-gradeteacherfeelaboutmyobservingherweeklypurchaseofcookies?Theabilitytohandleboredom,notsurprisingly,isassociatedwiththeabilitytofocus.Researchhasshownthatpeoplewithattentiondisordersareparticularlypoorinhandlingboredom.It'sespeciallyimportantthatkidsgetboredandbeallowedtostayboredwhentheybeyoung.Itshouldn'tbeconsidered"aproblem"tobeavoidedorremovedbythehigher-ups,butinsteadsomethingkidshandleontheirown.We'vestoppedtrainingchildrentodothis.Ratherthanteachthemtounderstandmaterialthatisduller,teachersspendmoretimeinventingwaysto"attract"students.Butsurelyteachingchildrentostandboredomwillpreparethemforamorerealisticfuture.5.WhatisthefindingofthestudymentionedbyClaireCainMiller?A.Schoolkidsfindithardtostandboredom.B.Peoplearetoobusytodrawwiththeirkids.C.Extracurricularactivitiesaregainingpopularity.D.Parentsaretryingtheirbesttomaketheirkidshavefun.6.Whatdidparentsinthe1970susuallydowhenkidswereboredonalongcarride?A.Theyplayedwiththem.B.Theyleftthemalone.C.Theytoldthemaboutfamousmovies.D.Theyaskedthemtopayattentiontosafety.7.Whydoestheauthorshareherexperienceatthesupermarket?A.Toshowcustomers'purchasinghabits.B.Toshowwhatadifficultlifeshewasliving.C.Toshowboredomandjobsgohandinhand.D.Toshowthelinkbetweenboredomandcreativity.8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Kidshaveenoughfun B.LifeisaboringjourneyC.Letkidsgetboredagain D.Turnboredomintoentertainment【答案】5.D6.B7.D8.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过讲解并描述试验和自身经验说明须要教会孩子们忍受无聊。【详解】1.细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“childrenwhowereboredafterschoolshouldtakepartinextracurricularactivities,andthatparentswhowerebusyshouldstoptheirtaskanddrawwiththeirchildrenifasked”（放学后感到无聊的孩子应当参与课外活动，而劳碌的家长假如被要求，应当停下手中的工作，和孩子一起画画）可知，ClaireCainMiller提及的探讨发觉父母尽他们最大的努力让他们的孩子有乐趣。故选D。2.细微环节理解题。依据第三段其次句第三句“Whatdidparentsinthe1970sdowhenkidswerebored?Nothing!”（上世纪70年头，当孩子们无聊时，父母们会做什么?什么都不做!）可知，上世纪70年头父母在孩子们无聊时不会管他们。故选B。3.推理推断题。依据第四段第一句其次句“Becausethingshappenwhenyou'rebored.SomeofthemostboringjobsI'vehadwerealsothemostcreative.”（因为当你无聊的时候，事情就会发生。我所做过的一些最无聊的工作却也是最有创建力的。）可知，作者共享自己在超市的经验的目的是展示无聊和创建力之间的联系。故选D。4.主旨大意题。依据最终一段最终两句“Ratherthanteachthemtounderstandmaterialthatisduller,teachersspendmoretimeinventingwaysto"attract"students.Butsurelyteachingchildrentostandboredomwillpreparethemforamorerealisticfuture.”（老师们花更多的时间独创方法来“吸引”学生，而不是教他们去理解那些味同嚼蜡的材料。但毫无疑问，教会孩子们忍受无聊会让他们为更现实的将来做好打算。）可知，本文的主要意图是提倡教会孩子们忍受无聊。所以短文的最佳标题为“许孩子们感到无聊”。故选C。3U.S.cherries,watermelonsandsomeothersummertimefavoritesmaydependonwildbeesmorethanpreviouslythought.ManyfarmsintheUnitedStatesusemanagedhoneybeestopollinate(授粉)cropsandincreasethetotalamountofcrops,sometimestruckingbeehives(蜂箱)fromfarmtofarm.NowananalysisofsevencropsacrossNorthAmericashowsthatwildbeescanplayaroleincroppollinationtoo,evenonconventionalfarmswithmanagedhoneybees.Wildvolunteersaddatleast$1.5billionintotaltotheharvestforsixofthecrops,anewstudyestimates.“Tome,thebigsurprisewasthatwefoundsomanywildbeeseveninintenseproductionareaswheremuchoftheproduceintheUSAisgrown,saysRachaelWinfree,apollinationecologistatRutgersUniversityinNewBrunswick,N.J.Thatmeansthreatstowildbeescoulddepleteprofitsevenwhenfarmsraisehoneybees,theresearchersreportedonJuly29inProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety.Bothhoneybees,whicharen’tnativetotheUnitedStates,andwildpollinatorssuchasbumblebeesfacedangersincludingpesticides(杀虫剂).Toseewhat,ifanything,wildnativebeespeciescontribute,researcherscheckedbeevisitstoflowersat131commercialfarmfieldsacrosstheUnitedStatesandpartofCanada.Ontheotherhand,theresearchersalsocalculatedtowhatextentthenumberofbeevisitslimitedproduction.Theseintensivefarmswithplentyoffertilizer,waterandotherresourcesoftenshowedsignsofreachingapollinatorlimit,meaningfieldsdidn’thaveenoughhoneybeestogetthemaximumproduction,andvolunteerwildbeeswereaddingtothetotal.Thentheteamestimatedwhatpercentageoftheproductionnativebeeswereadding—versusjustdoingwhathoneybeeswouldhavedoneanyway.“Wildbeesdon’tseemtohelpCalifornia’sorchards(果园)，butbasedonorchardsinMichiganandPennsylvania,some$1.06billionofapplesdependsonnativepollinators,”theresearcherssay.Watermelons,particularlyinFlorida,getanestimated$146millionbenefit,andsweetcherries$145million.9.Whyarethewildbeesimportanttothecropsaccordingtothetext?A.Ithelpstopollinateandimprovethecropsoutput.B.Itishelpfultoraisemanagedhoneybees.C.Itishelpfultomaintainhealthyecosystem.D.Ithelpstoprotectnativebeespecies.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deplete”inparagraph4mean?A.Pursue. B.Make. C.Keep. D.Reduce.11.Whydidresearcherscheckbeevisitstoflowers?A.Toworkoutthenumberofwildnativebees.B.Tomakeitclearwhyfieldsdon’thaveenoughbees.C.Toshowhowimportantthemanagedbeesaretointensivefarms.D.Tofigureoutwhatwildnativebeesbenefitfarmoutput.12.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Todrawpeople’sattentiontofarmoutput.B.Todiscusswhybeescanincreasetheharvest.C.Toshowwildbeesmaycontributetothecropharvest.D.Tointroducehowhoneybeesandwildbeespollinatecrops.【答案】9.A10.D11.D12.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了探讨人员通过探讨野蜂对农作物授粉和提高作物产量方面的信息，试图找出野蜂是否对农作物收成有贡献。9.细微环节理解题。依据其次段中“NowananalysisofsevencropsacrossNorthAmericashowsthatwildbeescanplayaroleincroppollinationtoo,evenonconventionalfarmswithmanagedhoneybees.Wildvolunteersaddatleast$1.5billionintotaltotheharvestforsixofthecrops,anewstudyestimates.（现在，一项对北美七种作物的分析显示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中发挥作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的传统农场。一项新的探讨估计，它们为六种作物的收成至少增加了15亿美元。）”可知，野蜂对农作物很重要，因为它有助于授粉和提高作物产量。故选A项。10.词句揣测题。其次段说一项对北美七种作物的分析显示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中发挥作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的传统农场。一项新的探讨估计，它们为六种作物的收成至少增加了15亿美元，再依据画线词后的“Bothhoneybees,whicharen’tnativetotheUnitedStates,andwildpollinatorssuchasbumblebeesfacedangersincludingpesticides(杀虫剂).”可知，非美国本土的蜜蜂和大黄蜂等野生授粉者都面临着包括杀虫剂在内的危急，由讲解并描述非美国本土的蜜蜂和野生传粉者面临杀虫剂在内的危急，这种威逼自然会削减利润，由此可知画线词词义为为“削减，消耗”。故选D项。11.细微环节理解题。依据第五段中“Toseewhat,ifanything,wildnativebeespeciescontribute,researcherscheckedbeevisitstoflowersat131commercialfarmfieldsacrosstheUnitedStatesandpartofCanada.（为了了解野生本土蜜蜂是否有贡献，探讨人员在美国和加拿大部分地区的131个商业农场中检查了蜜蜂到访花卉的状况。）”可知，探讨人员要检查蜜蜂到访花丛的状况，是想找出野生本地蜜蜂对农场产出有什么好处。故选D项。12.推理推断题。依据其次段中“NowananalysisofsevencropsacrossNorthAmericashowsthatwildbeescanplayaroleincroppollinationtoo,evenonconventionalfarmswithmanagedhoneybees.Wildvolunteersaddatleast$1.5billionintotaltotheharvestforsixofthecrops,anewstudyestimates.（现在，一项对北美7种作物的分析显示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中发挥作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的传统农场。一项新的探讨估计，它们为六种作物的收获至少增加了15亿美元。）可知，文章介绍了探讨人员通过探讨野蜂对农作物授粉和提高作物产量方面的信息，试图找出野蜂是否对农作物收成有贡献，因此文章的目的是展示野蜂可能对农作物收成有贡献。故选C项。4Overthelast25years,psychologistshavefoundthatpersonalitiescenteronfivebasictraits(特性)—theBigFive:agreeableness,conscientiousness(责任心),neuroticism,extroversionandopenness.Contrarytocommonbelief,peoplejustaren’torganizedintocertainpersonalitytypes.Everytraitisacontinuousdimensionandeveryonecanbedescribedashavingvaryinglevelsofeachtrait.AnewresearchhasalsofoundanimalsfromantstoapesallhavetheBigFiveandthattheuniversalityofpersonalitypointstoanevolutionary(进化)origin.Animalsandhumanshavecommonproblemsofsurvival,whicharespelledoutbeautifullyintheBigFive,andthat’swhythere’ssomuchcontinuityinhumanpersonalityandanimalpersonality.Forexample,conscientiousnessinvolvesbehaviorslikeplanningandconsideration,whichareimportantamonganimalsfortakingcareoftheiryoung,selectingmatesandlivingingroups.Beingneatandorderly—aspectsofconscientiousness-alsohasevolutionarysuperiority.Beesthatliketokeepcleanandremovemoredeadgroupmembersreduceriskofdisease,gainmoreweightandreproducemoreSpidersthatmaketidywebscatchmoreinsects.Birdsthatbuildneaterandsolidernestsattractmoremates.Thesebehaviorsmayseemprimitive,butthey’reneverthelessindicationsofpersonality.Personalityistheexpressionofallofthebehaviorsthathumansandanimalsexhibitthatallowthemtofunctionadaptivelyintheworld.Evolutioncanalsoexplainwhypersonalitiesvarysomuch.Dependingonthesituation,eachoftheBigFivecanbeadvantageous.Forexample,agreeablenessisgreatforrelationships.Butifalionwerechargingatyou,you’dbebetteroffwithalessagreeableandmoreaggressivepersonality.Becausetheworldissounpredictable,everyaspectofeachpersonalitytraitcouldbeusefulatdifferenttimes,soinsteadofevolvingasingletypeofpersonalitythat’sbestforeverysituation,we’releftwithawidevariety.13.Whatdopeoplegenerallythinkaboutpersonalitytypes?A.Differentpersonalitytypeshaverespectivestrengths.B.Everyonefallsintoaparticularpersonalitytype.C.Peoplewithcommonpersonalitytypesgather,D.Everyonehasmixedpersonalitytypes.14.What’sthepurposeofmentioningsomeanimalsinParagraph2?A.Toillustratetheadvantagesofbeingconscientious.B.Toanalyzesurvivalchancesofcooperativeanimal