Unit 5 语法（复习讲义）-2023-2024学年五年级英语上册单元速记·巧练（译林版三起）

Unit5Whatdotheydo?语法梳理：一般现在时的陈述句精讲精练(含答案)一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作或表示现在的特征或状态，也可表示客观事实或普遍真理。一、第三人称单数的具体状况总结我们已经了解当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要相应地使用第三人称单数形式。那么如何判定主语是否是第三人称单数呢?具体有以下分类：人称代词he,she,it作主语。单个的人名、地名或称呼作主语。例如:Mysisterworkshere.我的姐姐/妹妹在这里工作。可数名词单数或“this/that/the/a等+可数名词单数”作主语。例如:Thisboylookshappy.这个男孩看上去很兴奋。Therabbitjumpshigh.这只兔子跳得高。不定代词someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something等以及指示代词this和that作主语。例如:Someonetalksinclass.有人在课堂上说话。不行数名词作主语。例如:Thesoupistoohot.汤太烫了。数字或者字母作主语。例如:Thirteenandsevenistwenty.十三加七等于二十。特殊疑问句中，what，who等疑问代词作主语。例如：Wholiveshere?谁住在这儿?Whatmakesyouhappy?什么让你兴奋?二、一般现在时的确定句基本结构为“主语+动词原形/动词第三人称单数形式+其他.”。例如：Helikesswimming.他宠爱游泳。Igotoschooleveryday.我每天去上学。Thisgiraffeissotall.这只长颈鹿是如此的高。MissLiteachesEnglish.李老师教英语。三、一般现在时的否定句1.含有be动词的句子，改为否定句时，在be动词后加not，句中如有some则改为any。例如：I'mastudent.→I'mnotastudent.Thereissomemilk.→Thereisn'tanymilk.2.含有情态动词(can,should,would等)的句子,改为否定句时,在情态动词后加not。例如:Icansingwell.→Ican’t/cannotsingwell.3.含有行为动词的句子，改为否定句时，需要使用助动词do或does，后加not，然后再接动词原形。donot常缩写为don’t,doesnot常缩写为doesn’t,后接动词原形。例如:Myteacherbuyssometoys.→Myteacherdoesn'tbuyanytoys.Wemakeafruitsaladtogether.→Wedon'tmakeafruitsaladtogether.留意：此处do和does作为助动词，本身没有实际意义。do/does作为实义动词时，意思是“做，干(某事)”。例如:Hedoeshomeworkintheevening.→Hedoesn'tdohomeworkintheevening.四、动词第三人称单数一般现在时是英语中应用最广泛的时态之一，在一般现在时中，由于主语不同，动词会发生相应的变化。主语为第一人称、其次人称或第三人称复数时，动词为原形。例如：Ieatlunchattwelveo’clock.我在12点吃午餐。Youlookverynice.你看上去很好看。Theyoftengotoschooltogether.他们经常一起去上学。SuHaiandSuYangusuallyflykitesonSundays.苏海和苏洋通常在星期天放风筝。主语为第三人称单数(能用he，she，it代替)时，动词用第三人称单数形式。例如：Hehelpssickpeople.他挂念病人。MissLispeaksEnglishwell.李老师英语说得好。在一般现在时中，动词的第三人称单数变化规章如下：分类例词读音一般状况下，在动词词尾直接scook—cooksswim—swimswrite—writesread—readss在清辅音后读/s/，在浊辅音和元音后读/z/;与/t/和/d/连起来时读/ts/和/dz/以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词，直接在词尾加splay—playssay—saysbuy—buyss读/z/(由于一般以“元音字母+y”结尾的读音是元音)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加esfly—fliesstudy—studiescarry—carriescry—criesy变i后读音不变,es读/z/以“辅音字母+o”结尾的动词，一般在词尾加esgo—goesdo—doeses读/z/以“s,x,sh,ch”结尾的动词,一般在词尾加esguess—guessesfix—fixes(修理)push—pusheswatch—watcheses读/ɪz/不规章变化:have和be动词have—hasbe—ishas/hæz;həz/is/ɪz/注：部分动词变为第三人称单数时，原词的元音部分发音会发生变化，如：do—does，say—says。【考题精练】写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。1.find________ 2.stop________ 3.push________ 4.give________5.have________ 6.dance________ 7.read________ 8.skate________9.fly________ 10.work________ 11.play________ 12.live________13.do________ 14.sit________ 15.wait________ 16.visit________17.buy________ 18.go________ 19.study________ 20.come________用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Jim________(like)hisnewsweater.2.LetHelen________(have)alookatthebook.3.Julia________(want)________(sing)anEnglishsong.4.MissWu________(teach)usEnglishthisterm.5.SuHaiandSuYang________(sleep)for8hoursaday.6.—Who________(live)inNanjinginyourfamily?—Mybrothers________(live)there.7.Mikeoften________(go)________(swim)insummer.8.—________(be)yoursistera________(cook)?—No,she________(be).9.LiuTaooften________(play)tabletenniswithWangBing.They________(be)happy.10.—What________(do)youruncle________(do)?—He________(be)adoctor.11.Thischild________(do)nothavebreakfastinthemorning.It'snotgoodforhim.12.________(notdo)eatanythinginthelibrary.13.Tina________(do)notplaytabletennisafterclass.14.Thetwins________(notdo)liketigers.Buttheylikelions.15.Theboy________(do)hishomeworkathome.16.Hesometimes________(go)totheparkand________(draw)picturesinit.17.Myfatherandmotheroften________(watch)TVintheevening.18.Myuncleisa________cook.Hecancook________.(good)19.It'sverycold.Thewater________(turn)intoice.Let'sgo________(skate).20.Helenalways________(have)________(dance)lessonsonSundays.21.Thegirlsometimes________(chat)withhere-friendontheInternet.22.Tina________(notgo)toschoolonSundays.She________(sleep)athome.23.TheteachersinClassOne________(be)friendly.24.Myaunt________(notlook)happy,because(由于)mycousin________(notdo)hishomework.按要求改写句子。1.Theycansinganddance.(改为否定句)They________sing________dance.2.MyfathergoesfishingonSaturdays.(改为否定句)Myfather________________________onSaturdays.3.Lilywouldliketobuysomefish.(改为否定句)Lily________________to________________fish.4.Bendoesn'tspeakChinesewelleither.(改为确定句)Ben________________well________.5.WangBingdrawswell.(改为同义句)WangBing________________________drawing.6.MrBrownisamusicteacher.(改为同义句)MrBrown________________.7.Samsendshise-friendsemails.(改为同义句)Samsendsemails________________________.8.Myfriendoftengoestothecinemaatweekends.(改为同义句)Myfriendoften________________on________and________.参考答案一、1.finds2.stops3.pushes4.gives5.has6.dances7.reads8.skates9.flies10.works11.plays12.lives13.does14.sits15.waits16.visits17.buys18.goes19.studies20.comes二、1.likes2.have3.wants;tosing4.teaches5.sleep6.lives;live7.goesswimming8.Is;cook;isn’t9.plays;are10.does;do;is11.does12.Don't13.does14.don't15.does16.goes;draws17.watch18.good;well19.tur