高一期末语法复习系列

期末语法复习系列状语从句1.时间状语从句：when,as,while,before,after,since,until,assoonas,themoment,eachtime,…nosooner…than… hardly…when Whenhecame,Ihadcleanedtheclassroom. Hehadnosoonerreturnedthanheboughtanewflat. Hecametoscenethemomentheheardthenews. IthoughtherniceandhonestthefirsttimeImethim. Oncehemakesupyourmind.Hewon’tchangehismind.2.原因状语从句：because,since,as,for,nowthat Heisdisappointedbecausehedidn’tgettheposition. Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbegin.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundisstillwet.3.地点状语从句：where,wherever I’llgowhereverthepeoplewantmetogo. Wherethereiswater,thereislife.4.条件状语从句：unless,if,aslongas,onconditionthat,incase IshallnotgotothecinemaunlessIfinishmyhomeworkbeforeeight. Aslongasyoukeepontrying,youwillsurelysucceed. Pleasetaketheumbrellawithyouincaseitrains. Youcangoswimmingonconditionthat(=if)youdon’tgotoofaraway.5．让步状语从句:although,though,evenif,eventhough EvenifIdidn’tknowanybodyattheparty,Ihadagoodtime. Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot. Whetheritrainsornot,Ishallgooutforanoutingtomorrow. Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,I’llneverchangemymind. HoweverhardItry,Ican’tfinishtheworkintime.6.结果，目的状语从句：so,sothat,so....that,such....that Hesaidaloudsothateverybodycouldhearhim. IlefttheroomquietlyforfearthatImightwakehimup. Speakclearly,sothatthemayunderstandyou. Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.7.比较状语从句：as...as,notas(so)...as,themore....themore Themorewehave,thehappierwewillbe. Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyourwillmake.特殊句型复习：1.Hedidn'tgotosleepuntilhismothercameback. 直到他母亲回来他才去睡觉。2.Itis+adj.(+forsb/sth)+todosth.easy,hard,difficult,possible,important,impossible,necessary,natural,surprising Itisdifficultforthemtofinishtheworkintwodays.对于他们来说，在两天时间里完成这项任务是很难的。3.Itis+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.kind,nice,wise,silly,polite,impolite,friendly,foolish,clever Itiskindofhimtohelp.=Heiskindtohelpme. It’ssocarelessofyoutomakesomanyspellingmistakesintheEnglishexam.4.Itis+nogood/nouse/awasteoftime+doingsth. Idon'tthinkitgooddoingit.5.Itis+及物动词的过去分词+that从句 said,told,known,reported,recorded,thought,believed Itissaidthatheisover24. = Heissaidtobeover24.6.Itseemsthat... seem,happen,appear IthappenedthatImetmygoodfriendsinthemuseumyesterday.7.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句 Itisthreeyearssincewesaweachother.8.Itis+时间+before...主句的时态多用一般将来时或一般过去时。 Itwillbeseveralyearsbeforewemeetagain. Itwasnotlongbeforetheysetout.9.Itis/wasthefirsttimethat完成时... ItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere. Itwasthesecondtimethathehadseenthefilm.10.Itistimethatsbdidsth. /forsbtodosth Itishightimeforustogohomenow.11.引导词it作形式主语（宾语）时，为了使句子平衡，常采用形式主语（或宾语）it，而把真正的主语（或宾语）置于句子后面。Wethoughtitstrangethathedidnotcomelastnight.Wemakeitaschoolrulethatstudentsshouldwearschooluniform.Ithasnothingtodowithmethatyoudon’tlikehim.Itisourdutytohelpthosewhoneedhelp.12.Thereisnoneedforsbtodosth.Thereisnopointindoingsth.Thereasonwhy...isthat...Thereisnoneedforyoutoworryaboutthemoney.Thereisnopointinwaitingforamanwhohasnosenseoftime.Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolwasthathemissedthebus.定语从句复习： Iwon’tforgettheplacewhereIspentmychildhood. (也可用inwhich) Iwon’tforgettheplacewhichIvisitedlastmonth. (that或省略) Doyourememberthedaywhenwevisitedthemuseum? (onwhich) Doyourememberthedaywhichwespentinthecountryside? (that或省略) Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyougiveupsmoking? Canyoutellmethereasonwhichhegaveyou?Thisisoneofthemostinterestingfilmsthatwereshownlastweek. Thisistheveryoneofthemostinterestingfilmsthatwasshownlastweek. Hehastwosons,bothofwhomarecollegestudents. Hehastwosons,andbothofthemarecollegestudents. Hestilllivesintheroomwhosewindowfacestotheeast. Hestilllivesintheroomthewindowofwhichfacestotheeast. Hestilllivesintheroomwhichisinthenorthofthecity.(that) Hestilllivesintheroomwherethereisabeautifultable.(inwhich) Isthismuseumtheonetheyvisitedlastmonth? Isthisthemuseumthattheyvisitedlastmonth? (that或省略) I’minterestedinallthatyouhavesaid. I’minterestedinwhatyouhavesaid. Hefailedintheexamagain,whichmadehisteacherdisappointment. Asisknowntoall,ChinahasalargerpopulationthanIndia. Thisissuchaneasybookaswecanunderstand. Thisthesamebookasyoulendme.Thewayhelooksatproblemsisquitedifferentfromothers.(theway定语从句也可以用inwhich,that)常跟不定式做宾语的有：afford,aim,agree,arrange,decide,choose,demand,desire,hope,fail,happen,hesitate,learn,long,mean,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,wait不定式作宾语补足语：invitesbtodosth.advise,allow,permitforbid,enable,encourage,inspire,force,order,persuade,remind,require,warn,cause,get,wouldlikesbtodosth,waitforsbtodosth,relyon(dependon)sbtodosth注意如果句中的谓语动词为see,hear,watch,notice,observe,feel,listento,lookat,have,make,let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式需将to省去 seesbdosth sbbeseentodosth不定式作状语 表示目的，结果，原因，条件inorderto,soastodo,todo, enoughto justtodo, so...asto..., too...to, onlytoo...to, onlytodo Ihurriedtothestation,onlytobetoldthatthetrainhadgone. Iamonlytoogladtomeetyou.Wouldyoubesokindastohelpme?常跟动名词做宾语的词：finish,imagine,enjoy,escape,consider,admit,avoid,mind,miss,confess,deny,excuse,quit,risk,practise,delay,suggest,feellike,can’tresist 区别：allow,permit,advise,forbid(sbtodosth) (doingsth) Idon’tallowpeopletosmokehere. Idon’tallowsmokinghere.介词宾语注意 in的省略 bebusy(in)doing havetrouble(in)doingwaste/spend/haveagoodtime(in)doingsth losenotime(in)doingsth以to结尾的介词短语：beusedto,devote...to...,getdownto,giveriseto, lookforwardto,payattentionto,objectto动词need,require,want,deserve后面的动名词(needdoing=needtobedone)Yourhairwantscutting. Theproblemrequiresstudyingwithgreatcare.宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语的成分。可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。 Jennythought(that)herteacherwasunfair. Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.(注意时态的对应) Mothertoldmethatshewouldbuyabikeforme. Idon’tknowwhenhewillcome. Iamsure(that)hewon’tmind. I’dliketoknowwhichoneisyourhusband.注意点 think,believe,suppose等的用法（反意疑问句一从二三主） Ithinkthathewillcome,won’the? Shethinksthathewillcome,doesn’tshe? Idon’tthinkhewillcome,willhe? Ithinkthathewillcome.(提问he) Whodoyouthinkwillcome?That引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外：（1）介词宾语从句的that不省略 HeknewnothingabouthimexceptthathewasfromUSA.（2）and连结的几个从句，第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。 Hetoldmethathehadtwosonsandthattheybothhadgonetocollege.（3）在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。 如果主句的谓语动词是make,find,feel,consider,等，往往可用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后。 Wefounditimpossiblethathecouldfinishitinsuchashorttime. Wemakeitaschoolthatstudentsshouldwearschooluniform.Whether,if引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情况除外：（1）whether从句中有ornot （2）whether从句做介词宾语 Everythingdependsonwhetheryouagreewithus.宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序 Itishardtopredictwhatourearthwillbelikeinthefuture.做非谓语的四招：第一招：根据句子结构判断是非谓语动词还是谓语动词1.Turntotheright,andyouwillfindthebuildingyouwant.2.Ifyouturntotheright,youwillfindthebuildingyouwant.3.Turningtotheright,youwillfindthebuildingyouwant.第二招：牢牢掌握动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词的基本区别1.Thebridgetobebuiltnextyearwillbeabigone.2.Thebridgebeingbuiltnowisabigone.3.Thebridgebuiltwasabigone.第三招：牢记逻辑主语和真正的主语一致1.Comparedwiththesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesn’tseemhighatall.2.Seeingthebigsnake,thelittlegirlstoodunderthetree,frightenedoutoflife.第四招：记忆固定搭配Judgingfrom,Given(Considering)鉴于，Generallyspeaking,Totellth