高三英语语法填空解题指导

20XX届高三英语语法填空解题指导2011-11-08一．语法填空命题特点语法填空以语篇为载体，考查学生的语法和词汇知识。它具有以下命题特点：在语篇层面上考查语言知识，每篇文章设置10个空，采用了填空方式，短语词数控制在200左右。命题形式：A.纯空格题填空。主要考查冠词、代词、连词、介词，其中连词包括引导名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句的从属连词和引导并列句的并列连词等。B．用所给词的适当形式填空。主要考查谓语动词的时态语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、最高级和词性转换等。(3)所选的文章主要是记叙类文章，或讲述生活趣事，或体现文化内涵，或给人心灵启迪。短文中没有超出课标生词，难度低于教材。现将近五年语法填空命题特点及命题形式与内容分别列表如下：表一近五年语法填空命题特点：短文特点短文体裁短文题材短文长度纯空格题有提示词首字母大写2007记叙文生活经历2007312008记叙文成语故事1856412009记叙文生活经历206642010记叙文智慧故事1876412011记叙文生活经历18664表二：近五年语法填空命题形式与内容：测试形式与内容20072008200920102011纯空格形式形式内容题号/答案题号/答案题号/答案题号/答案题号/答案冠词35/a33/a31/the24/an代词人称代词40/her31/it,38/him22/they物主代词33/his指示代词34/that/it38/it/that25/both介词33/as;39/for31/In/Behind,after/from37/on;39/at35/with17/till/until23/on连词关系代、副词36.where35.where32.who/that21.whom从属连词32.who35.that40.when并列连词37.but提示词形式动词谓语动词31.broke40.results34.pushed40.wasinformed33.presented19.waspretending非谓语动词34.settled32.tohelp32.toplease37.saying18.sitting/sit词性转换形变副38.merrily34.warmly20.mentally名变形39.natural动变名36.choice形副比较级38.higher39.sweeter16.later限定词37.Other/Some36.antoher二.语法填空考点归纳和答题要诀1.纯空格形式填空的答题要诀要诀一：名词、代词、动名词前挖空，首先考虑限定词与介词在纯空格类试题中，如果在名词前挖空，首先考虑限定词与介词。因为根据英语的习惯，名词前一般需要限定词，限定词包括冠词（a,an,the）,物主代词（my…）名词所有格，关系词（whose,which…）,疑问词，不定代词（no,some，any，each，every，either，neither，many…）数词等。例.1.Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnot______pleasantexperience…(2009广东)例2.Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960~1279)wasveryanxioustohelp______ricecropgrowupquickly.(2008广东)例3…Isatnexttothemanandintroducedmyself.Wehad_____amazingconversation.HegotoffthebusbeforemeandIfeltveryhappytherestofthewayhome.I’mgladImadeachoice.Itmade_____ofusfeelgood.（2011广东）例4.Afterthestudentleft,theteacherlet_______studenttastethewater.(2010)例5.…Ididn’tlikeleavinghim_____hisowneither.(2011广东)要诀二.谓语动词前挖空，首先考虑代词如果在谓语动词前挖空，应首先考虑代词。考生不仅要考虑到人称代词、反身代词等，还要考虑到关系代词which,that,who等。有时也可能出现therebe句型的情况。Behindmewereotherpeople…butaftersomeminutes______walkedawayandsatnearme,lookingannoyed.（2011））TheBostonUniversity要诀三.平时注意积累，注意习惯搭配。例：_____viewoftherisingpopularityof3Dfilms,80percentsaidthegrowthprospectwouldbegoodinthecoming12months,and…要诀四.地点名词后设空，首先考虑where,其次考虑which/that地点名词后设空，常常暗示地点名词为定语从句的先行词，空格处所需的关系词在从句中充当状语，因此答案很有可能要用关系副词where,但是如果所需的关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，这时，应用关系代词that或which。此外考生还需要注意一些特殊的名词，如：point,activity,situation,case,occasion等后挖空时,答案也应首先考虑where.InLanzhouIvisitedafactory____everythingwasverysimple,includingitsequipmentandthedirector’soffice,yetthefactoryturnedoutquitegoodproducts.Whenyouareatanindustryevent,interview,oronotheroccasions_______youmayhaveanopportunitytohaveaprofessionalencounter,dresstoimpressthem.要诀五.及物动词后设空，首先考虑代词或名词。动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。根据英语的习惯，如果动词为及物动词，其后应跟宾语。因此如果在及物动词后设空，应首先考虑代词，尤其是宾格代词或反身代词，以及代替上文提到的人或物，或结合语境填入名词做他的宾语。例1.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,IwantedtorewardtheoldwomenforthetroubleIhadcaused______.(2007)例2…althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtoplease______.（2009））例3.Mothersaidtothetwins,“Help__________tosomecakes.”要诀六.句子前面设空，注意分析逻辑关系，首先考虑从属连词或并列连词。连词主要起着连接作用，表明句子之间的关系，因此考生做题时，要弄清句子之间的关系，先根据上下文判断它们是因果关系还是转折关系，是并列关系还是让步关系以及这些句子是条件状语从句还是结果状语从句，是时间状语从句还是地点状语从句，然后选择合适的来连词。Theglobalfinancialcrisisislikelytocausementalhealthproblemsandevensuicidestoincrease________peoplestruggletocopewithpovertyandunemployment,theWorldHealthOrganizationwarnedonThursday.Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,______hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher.要诀七.空格处所需词具有双重作用时，首先考虑what,who,whoever,或whatever.Whenwritingadescriptionofaparkyouknowvery,youaresupposedtofocuson____itlookslike,andexplainwhatpeoplecandothereandwhytheywantverymuchtovisitit.______willtakepartinthephysicscontestwillbeannouncedattomorrow’smeeting.有提示词形式填空的答题要诀如果给出的提示词是动词，应当考虑填谓语、非谓语或其名词（复数）形式。【点拨：若果句中缺谓语或并列谓语，则考虑其的时态和语态，以及主谓一致。若果句中已有谓语，则考虑填非谓语动词形式。】如果给出的是形容词，应当考虑其副词形式，或比较级、最高级或其反义的形容词或反义的副词形式；也可能填其的名词形式。要诀一.名词、代词后设空，提示词为动词时，注意时态、语态。名词、代词后给出的提示词是动词时，一般来说提示的动词是作谓语的。此时考生需要注意动词的时态和语态。主语和谓语动词之间是主谓关系时，动词就应用主动语态，是动宾关系时就一个用被动语态。还要注意其主谓一致问题。Forthepastnineteenyears,KathyMellor__________(teach)EnglishasasecondlanguageatDavisvilleMiddleschoolinNorthKingstown,intheNortheasternUnitedStates....Peoplesteppedonyourfeetor_____(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部）,hurryingaheadtogetabargain.Hermotherwasexcited."yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,"Jane________(inform)要诀二.形容词后提示词为动词，首先考虑不定式在英语中形容词后接不定式的情况比较常见。此时不定时作状语，表示原因、目的等。另外，形容词后接不定式时，不定式常用主动形式，其逻辑主语或宾语常为句子的主语。Thedistinctionissometimeshard_______(see)becausewegetsousedtotheexcessbeingpartofourtasks.Butthewidow(寡妇)wasverydisappointed_______(find)thathersonwasasidiotic（傻的）asasimpleton(笨蛋),andseemedtoknownothingexcepthowtoeatandsleep.要诀三.谓语动词之后或之前设空，且给出的提示词为动词时，首先考虑非谓语动词形式。如果给出的动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系时主谓关系，用动词的现在分词形式；如果是动宾关系，用动词的过去分词形式；如果提示词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，用分词的完成式。例1.Hespititout,__________(say)itwasawful.（2010）例2...andthenInoticedaman_________(sit)atthefront.(2011)例3.ThoughIcan'tmakethemodelshipsailfaster,themodelcanbemade_________(fly)higherbyanyoftheboyshere.要诀四.Be动词后设空，提示词为动词时，要考虑用提示词的形容词、现在分词或过去分词形式（如果语境表示动作正在进行，答案就应用动词的现在分词形式；如果语境表示动作被执行，答案应用动词的过去分词形式；如果两者都不是，就要考虑形容词作表语的情况。Becausetheroadwas________(repair),barrierswereputuppreventpeoplefromdrivinginthatarea.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain_________(seat)whentheplanewaslanding._________(trap)intheforestforaweek,thevisitorwasrescuedbythepoliceatlast.要诀五.从属连词后设空，提示词为动词时，首先考虑现在分词或过去分词，如表示将来时，可考虑用不定式Finally,Iwanttogiveawordtoeverybody,while_______(give)ittomyselfaswell:aoptimistthinkstheglassishalffull;apessimistthinkstheglassishalfempty;arealistknowsthatifhesticksaround,he'seventuallygoingtohavewashtheglass.Iwon'ttakepartinyourbirthdaypartyunless_________(invite).要诀六.物主代词或介词后设空，提示词为动词时，首先考虑动词的名词形式ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather_______(choose)oftieshardlyeverPleasedherfather.Heinsistson_______(leave)forParisnextweek.要诀七.空格处的提示词为形容词、副词时，首先考虑比较级或最高级形式或形容词的副词形式（如：well/good---better---best;bad/ill---worse---worst;far---further/farther---furthest/farthest）例1Thephrase“TVstoned”isusedtodescribeapersonwhois_______(complete)deafandblindtoeverythingbuthisfavoriteshowontelevision.例2.Arecentstudyclaimedthatpeople’smemoriesaregetting_______(bad)becausetheycan’tremembertheirfriends’names.例3.IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment________(late)thatday.要诀八.动词前或后设空，且提示词为形容词时，首先考虑副词形式。Childrenwere_______(happy)castingpiecesofbreadintothelaketofeedthefishorplayingwithmodelships.Hecannot______(true)describethepicture.要诀九.名词前设空且提示词为名词时，首先考虑该名词的形容词形式。Themobilephoneisa__________(fashion)andusefulinvention,soweoughttomakethebestuseofit.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir_______(nature)course.(2008)要诀十.and或or后设空，答题时要注意前后一致Sohesoldthefarmand________（spend）therestofhislifewanderingtheAfricancontinent,searchingsuccessfullyforthegleaminggems(发光宝石)thatbroughtsuchhighpriceonmarketsoftheworld.Ayoungmanseesasunsetand,unabletounderstandor________(expression)theemotionthatitrousesinhim,concludesthatitmustbethegatewaytoworldthatliesbeyond.ExercisesTest1Makingnewfriendsmeans1(put)yourselfoutonalimbandaskingothersnotonlytoacceptyou,buttolikeyouandwanttobearoundyouaswell.2(fortunate),thereisnomagicalsolution3thispartoftheprocess,soifyouwanttomakefriends,takeadeepbreathandjumprightin!4firststeptomakingnewfriendsisfiguringoutwhatisholdingyouback.Alotoftimespeople5areinterestedinmakingnewfriendsdon’tknowwhytheyhavethemalready.Theycan’tseethat6ownactionsareworkingagainstthem.Onceyoucanidentifywhatiskeepingyoufrommakingnewfriends,youneedtoworkthroughtheseconcerns.Thiscanbepainful7youwillneedtoputyourselfoutsideyourcomfortzonestoseeanyrealdifferences.Thenextstepistoshineinthesesocialsettingsothatotherswillleavewithapositive8(impress).Ifyoufindsocialsituationshard,justrelyonafewsimplerules.Whenyoufeel9(confidence)thatyou’vemadesomegreatnewfriends,getoutthereandcelebratewiththem!Nomatter10youdecidetodo,theimportantthingistocelebrateyournewfriendsandhopefullycontinuecultivatingmore.1.______2._____3._____.4._____5._____6.______7._______8.______9.______10._______Test2Theycalledher“theBlackPearl”,“theBlackGazelle”and“thefastestwomanintheworld”.Innineteensity,WilmaRudolphbecamethefirstAmericanwoman1(win)threegoldmedalsinoneOlympics.Shewas2extraordinaryAmericanathlete.Shealsodidalottohelpyoungathelets3(success).WilmaRudolphwasborn4averylarge,poor,African-Americanfamily.Shewasthe5(twenty)oftwenty-twochildren.Shewasborntooearlyandonly6(weigh)twokilograms.Shehadmanyillness7shewasveryyoung,includingpneumonia(肺炎)andscarletfever(猩红热)Shealsohadpolio(小儿麻痹症),8damagedherleftleg.Whenshewassixyearsold,shebegantowearmentallegbraces(支架)becauseshecouldnotuse9leg.Withherfamily’sattentionandcare,10(luck),bythetimeshewasnineyearsold,shenolongerneededherlegbraces.1.______2._____3._____.4._____5._____6.______7._______8.______9.______10._______Test3Parentsshouldstopblamingthemselvesbecausethere’snotalottheycandoaboutit.Imeantheteenagerproblem.Whateveryoudoor1youchoosetodealwithit,atcertaintimesawonderful,2(reason)andhelpfulchildwillturnintoaterribleanimal.I’veseenfriendsdealwithitinallkindsofdifferentways.Onestrictmotherinsistedthatherson,rightfromachild,shouldstandupwheneveranyoneenteredtheroom,opendoorsandsh