高考英语真题分类汇编专题 语法填空(解析)

2016年高考试题分项解析之专题8语法填空1.【2016·全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop____61_(attract).Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch,I_____62_（allow）togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe__63___(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback____64__mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,____65_IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter__66___(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude____67_(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.学科&网Onmyrecentvisit,Ihelpalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby_____68_(it)mother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew__69__(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,__70____otheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.【答案】61.attraction62.wasallowed63.officially64.to65.when66.permitted67.introducing68.its69.days70.the65.when考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语，因为先行词是时间，故填when。66.permitted考查过去分词。被修饰的名词和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词。67.introducing考查动名词。介词后面应该用动名词形式。68.its考查代词。修饰名词用形容词性的物主代词，故填its。69.days考查名词复数。Few修饰复数名词。【归纳总结】修饰复数名词的词和短语包括：many,few,afew,several,anumberof,hundredsof等。修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：much,alittle,little,abitof等。既能修饰复数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：more,such,plentyof,alotof,lotsof,aquantityof,quantitiesof等。70.the考查冠词。固定短语：one…theother“一个……另一个”。考点：语法填空【归纳总结】语法填空题的考查范围：动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词、介词、数词，连词，固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装、虚拟语气，省略、强调等。如：63题是考查副词；68题考查代词；69题考查名词复数；70题考查冠词等。解题策略：1.略读理解—分析填空—连贯检查（语法正确、语意连贯、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确）2.了解语法、词法、句法、章法和惯用法。2.【2016·全国新课标II】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseof41(great)andlessimportance.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof42(achieve).Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow43(be)oftenacceptable.Mostofusaremorefocused44ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive45possiblebeforelunch.Thiswillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingaccomplished.Recent46(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks47(regular).Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor48while,exercising,ordongsomethingyouenjoy.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely49(bring)yourworkhome.Itcouldbeanything-gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,50(make)sureit’sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.【答案】41.greater42.achievement43.is44.on45.as46.studies47.regularly48.a49.tobring50.make41.greater考查比较级。本空所填之词和比较级less是并列关系，使用相同的比较级形式greater。42.achievement考查名词。横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作为of的宾语。句意：首先处理重要的事情，那么你会有成就感。47.regualrly考查副词。在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词takeshortbreaks。48.a考查固定短语。介词短语forawhile一会；本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和思维休息一会。49.tobring考查形容词短语。形容词短语belikelytodosth可能做某事；你就不太可能把工作带回家去做，因为你找到了你喜欢做的事情。50.make考查祈使句。本句中动词短语makesure放在句首，构成祈使句。句意：要保证它是让你释放压力，而不是让你担忧的事。【名师点睛】在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的，横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作为of的宾语。，在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词takeshortbreaks。词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，

有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-,

im-，il-,

ir-，in-,

non-,

dis-等，在词根后加-less等。

考点：考查语法填空3.【2016·全国新课标III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。InmuchofAsia,especiallytheso-called＂ricebowl＂culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,41Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,44(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.Overtime,45thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich46(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,47livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe48(develop)ofchopsticks.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand49(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat50theirhands.【答案】41.and42.bemade43.tocreate44.using45.as/when46.gradually47.who48.development49.were50.with46.gradually考查副词。副词修饰动词或形容词，这里修饰动词短语turnedinto，应该用副词，故填gradually。47.who考查非限制性定语从句。剧中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。48.development考查词性转换。the＋名词＋of，意为“……的……”，这里指“筷子的发展”，故填development。49.were考查时态。根据句意可知，这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一个宾语从句，and连接了两个并列的谓语，主语knives是复数，根据时态一致的原则，这里用一般过去时，故填were。50.with考查介词。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法－－用手拿，with＋表示具体工具的名词，故填with。考点：名词；介词；副词；并列连词；非谓语动词；定语从句；状语从句【名师点睛】语法填空的解题技巧语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力。我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以进行填写。在读懂的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析逐题解答。按题型设计分三种情况：1.纯空格试题的解题技巧首先分析句子结构，根据所缺成分确定哪类词。然后根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词，或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。比如第41空，45空，47空和50空，41空考查并列连词，45空考查时间状语从句，47空考查非限制性定语从句，50空考查介词。2.给出了动词的试题解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。若句子没有别的谓语动词或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系，所给动词就是谓语动词，若是谓语动词就要考虑时态和语态；若句子有谓语动词则用非谓语动词（动词不定式、现在分词、动名词和过去分词）。比如42空，43空和49空，给的是动词，根据句意可知42空是动词词组，43空是不定式表目的，49空是并列的谓语。3.词汇转换题解题技巧这类题主要考查名词、形容词和副词。根据所给词在句中所做句子成分确定用哪种形式。比如46空和48空，分别考查动词转换为名词和形容词转换为副词。4.【2016·上海】(B)Stress:GoodorBad?Stressusedtobeanalmostunknownword,butnowthatweareusedtotalkingaboutit,Ihavefoundthatpeoplearebeginningtogetstressedaboutbeingstressed.Inrecentyears,stress(33)______(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness.Butlikesomanyotherthings,itisonlytoomuchstress(34)______doesyouharm.Itistimeyouconsideredthatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievealittle.Ifyouarestuckathomewithnostress,thenyourlevelofperformancewillbelow.Uptoacertainpoint,themorestressyouareunder,the(35)_____(good)yourperformancewillbe.Beyondacertainpoint,though,furtherstresswillonlyleadtoexhaustion,illnessandfinallyabreakdown.Youcantellwhenyouareoverthetopandonthedownwardslope,byaskingyourself(36)_______numberofquestions.Doyou,forinstance,feelthattoomuchisbeingexpectedof(37)______,andyetfinditimpossibletosayno?Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientor(38)_____(annoy)withpeopleoverunimportantthings?...Iftheanswertoallthosequestionsisyes,youhadbetter(39)______(control)yourstress,asyouprobablyareundermorestressthanisgoodforyou.Tosomeextentyoucancontroltheamountofstressinyourlife.Doctorshaveworkedoutachartshowinghowmuchstressisinvolvedinvariousevents.Gettingmarriedis50,pregnancy40,movinghouse20,Christmas12,etc.Ifthetotalstressinyourlifeisover150,youaretwiceaslikely(40)_______(get)ill.【答案】33.

has

been

regarded

34.

that

35.

better

36.

a

37.

you

38.

annoyed

39.

control

40.

to

get36.

a

考查固定短语。短语anumberof许多，大量；该形容词短语通常做定语修饰可数名词复数形式，本句中使用anumberof修饰可数名词复数形式questions。37.

you

考查上下文串联。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是you，所以仍然使用宾格you作为介词of的宾语。38.

annoyed

考查形容词。形容词annoyed恼怒的，该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，通常修饰人。本句中该词和impatient构成并列关系一起和系动词get构成系表结构。39.

control

考查固定搭配。动词短语hadbetterdosth最好做某事；“hadbetter”是情态动词，后面要接动词原形。

40.

to

get考查形容词短语。形容词短语belikelytodosth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的压力超过150，你就非常有可能生病了。【名师点睛】本文考查了强调句型的用法。强调句是一种修辞方法，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式：强调句型：“It

is（was）＋被强调的部分＋that（who）＋原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿：

It

was

on

Monday

night

that

all

this

happened．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。

It’s

me

that

he

blamed．他怪的是我。

强调句型最重要的句型是：

It

is

(was)

＋

被强调部分＋

that／

who

＋

句子的其它成份

。英语中许多句子常常可以通过强调句型对句子的不同成份进行强调。如：

It

is

they

who

／that

will

have

a

meeting

tomorrow．

(强调主语)

It

is

a

meeting

that

they

will

have

tomorrow．

(强调宾语)

It

is

tomorrow

that

they

will

have

a

meeting．

(强调时间状语)

应注意的要点:

1．强调句型可以用来强调主语、宾语（包括介词宾语）和状语。其中的it

本身没有词义。

2．强调句中的连接词一般只用who(指人)或that(可指物，也可指人)，若被强调的是状语，也只能用that

，而不能用when

或者where。而且连接词都不能省略。如：

It

was

in

the

park

that

he

met

an

old

friend

yesterday．

(虽然强调的是地点，但不能用where。)

3．强调句子的主语时，that

或who

之后的谓语动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。如：

It

is

Mary

and

Tom

who

often

do

good

deeds．

4．强调句型的时态常见的有两种：一般现在时和一般过去时。即It

is

．．．

that／who．．．和It

was

．．．that／who．．．。如：

It

was

the

way

he

asked

that

really

upset

me．

5．判断一个句子是否是强调句的方法是：如果将句中的It

is／was．．．that／who．．．去掉，经整理后还是一个完整的句子，本句就是强调句。否则，就不是。如：

It

was

in

today's

newspaper

that

we

found

the

news．

去掉It

was

．．．that

之后，句子可以整理为:We

found

the

news

in

today's

newspaper．

这是一个完整的句子，故本句是强调句。

常见考法:

1．用介词短语来作为被强调的部分。如：

It

was

for

this

reason

that

he

left

that

school．

It

was

in

this

way

that

he

solved

the

problem．

2．用时间状语从句、条件状语从句等作为被强调的部分。如：

It

was

only

when

I

reread

his

poems

that

I

began

to

appreciate

their

beauty．

3．用

not

until

复杂结构作为被强调的部分。如：

It

was

not

until

she

took

off

her

dark

glasses

that

I

realized

she

was

a

film

star．

It

was

not

until

1920

that

regular

radio

broadcasts

began．

4．在被强调的部分后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂。如：

It

was

on

July

7th

1975

when

he

was

born

that

his

father

died．

5．通过句型转换来进行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑问句等。如：

Was

it

during

the

Second

World

War

that

he

died？

When

was

it

that

the

sports

meeting

began？

It

was

not

Tom

that

stole

the

book．

Wasn't

it

he

that

had

made

a

mistake？

6．通过改变系动词的形式来进行考查。强调句型的系动词除了用

is

或

was外

，还可以在其前面加上

may

／

might

／must

等表示推测的情态动词。如：

It

might

be

him

that

you

met

yesterday．考点：考查语法填空5.【2016·四川】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Thegiantpanda41(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.Chinesescientists42(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.Shewasavery43(care)mother.For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething44(eat)!Shewouldnotletanyotherpandascomenear.Shelickedthebabyconstantlytokeepitclean.Anysmellmi