浙江省义乌市高三下学期5月第二次适应性考试英语试卷

义乌市普通高中2024届第二次适应性考试英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhattimearethespeakersmeetingPaul?A.At6:30.B.At7:30.C.At8:00.2.Whatisthewomanexcitedabout?A.Celebratingherbirthday.B.Visitinghersister.C.Gettingadriver’slicense.3.Whoisresponsiblefortheincidentaccordingtotheman?A.Himself.B.Thewoman.C.Peter.4.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthewoman’swords?A.Surprised.B.Uninterested.C.Nervous.5.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Colleagues.C.Professorandstudent.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whyisthewomanlate?A.Shecouldnotfindtheman’spany.B.Shewaswaitingforanassistant.C.Shehadtoparkfaraway.7.Whatwillthemandointheafternoon?A.Lockaroom.B.Changealight.C.Conductaninterview.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Planningaschedule.B.Choosingadestination.C.Bookingatrip.9.Howwillthespeakersexplorethecitytoday?A.Bybus.B.Bybike.C.Onfoot.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhatdoesTrudysayaboutthebuyer?A.Hewillpaywhattheownerwants.B.Hethinksthehouseneedsrepairs.C.Hewantsonemoretourofthehouse.11.WhatdidTrudytalkaboutwiththebuyer?A.Themovingdate.B.Thedecorationdetails.C.Theavailablefurniture.12WhatwillthemandothisFriday?A.Findanewhouse.B.Signadeal.C.Moveout.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhydoesBarbaradoherresearchsecretly?A.Togainfameasajournalist.B.Togetfirsthandexperience.C.Toavoidinterviewswithpeople.14.HowlongdidBarbaraspenddoinglowwagejobs?A.Onemonth.B.Threemonths.C.Fourmonths.15WhatdidBarbaradiscoverduringtheresearch?A.Thejobsdidn’trequiremucheffort.B.Thewagescouldn’tcovertherents.C.Theworkers’livesweretough.16.HowdoesBarbaradescribeherbook?A.Informative.B.Profitable.C.Wellstructured.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatdidarecentstudyrevealaboutgardening?A.Olderpeopletendtodogardening.BGardeningissuitableforallagegroups.C.Moreyoungpeopleenjoygardeningthantheelderly.18.Whatpercentageofparticipantslikebuyinggardeningitems?A.About60%.B.About67%.C.About78%.19.Wheredotheparticipantslikedoinggardeningthemost?A.Inthelivingrooms.B.Onthebalconies.C.Onthekitchenwindows.20.Whatdoesthespeakermentionatlast?A.Thebenefitsofgardening.B.Thekeytogardening.C.Thetypesofgardening.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。AWouldyouliketoetotheRoyalOperaHousetoexperienceincredibleoperaproductionsforonly£7.50?Students’applicationsfor2024/25arenowopen!Labohème13May202412:30pmApplicationsopenOPERA(ItalianwithEnglishsurtitles)Paris,1900.PennilesswriterRodolfobelievesthatartisallheneedsuntilhemeetsMimi,thelonelyseamstresswholivesupstairs.Sobeginsatimelesslovestorythatblooms,fades,andrekindleswiththepassingseasons.[ContentWarning:thisproductioncontainsloudnoisesandflashinglights]HanselandGretel9January202511:30amApplicationsopenOPERA(Englishwithsurtitles)Thisfamousfairytaleoftwochildrenwhogetlostintheforestandareluredintothehomeofanevilwitchmakesforamagicalexperienceforyou.WillHanselandGretelescapethewitch’sgingerbreadhouseandmanagetoreturnhome?ThisperformanceincludesaspecialEverybodySingattheendoftheproductionwiththecastandorchestra!Carmen11June202511:30amApplicationsopenOPERA(FrenchwithEnglishsurtitles)Carmenisarebelwithapassionatecauseshewantstoliveandloveinherownway.ThoughCarmenwarnsDonJosénottoloveher,hegivesuphisjob,reputation,andgirlfriendforherwithdisastrousconsequences.[ContentWarning:thisproductioncontainsthemesofmoderateviolence]1.WhatdoLabohèmeandCarmenhaveinmon?A.Theyarebothedies. B.Theyarebothlovestories.C.TheyarebothsetinFrance. D.Theyareperformedinthesamelanguage.2.WhatsetsHanselandGretelapartfromtheotherperformances?A.Itisadaptedfromabiography. B.Itincludessomeviolentscenes.C.Itallowsaudienceparticipation. D.Itisavailabletoenjoythisyear.3.Whereisthistextprobablyfrom?A.Aguidebook. B.Awebsite. C.Abrochure. D.Areview.【答案】1.B2.C3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了将在皇家歌剧院演出的几个歌剧表演。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Labohème中“Sobeginsatimelesslovestorythatblooms,fades,andrekindleswiththepassingseasons.(一段永恒的爱情故事就这样开始了，它随着季节的流逝而绽放、凋谢、重燃。)”和Carmen中“Carmenisarebelwithapassionatecauseshewantstoliveandloveinherownway.ThoughCarmenwarnsDonJosénottoloveher,hegivesuphisjob,reputation,andgirlfriendforherwithdisastrousconsequences.(卡门是一个充满激情的叛逆者——她想以自己的方式生活和爱。虽然卡门警告唐·约瑟夫不要爱她，但他还是为了她放弃了工作、名誉和女朋友，结果却带来了灾难性的后果。)”可知，它们都是爱情故事。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据HanselandGretel中“ThisperformanceincludesaspecialEverybodySingattheendoftheproductionwiththecastandorchestra!(这次演出包括在演出结束时与演员和管弦乐队一起特别演唱的‘大家一起唱’！)”并结合其他表演可知，允许观众参与让HanselandGretel与其他表演不同。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段“WouldyouliketoetotheRoyalOperaHousetoexperienceincredibleoperaproductionsforonly£7.50?Students’applicationsfor2024/25arenowopen!(你愿意只花7.5英镑就去皇家歌剧院欣赏令人难以置信的歌剧吗？学生2014/25学年的申请现已开放!)”可知，这是一则广告，介绍了将在皇家歌剧院演出的几个歌剧表演，学生可以预约申请观看。结合其他选项可知，本文应该来自于网站。故选B项。BLastnight,ItoldmyArgentinianfriendthatIhadbeenusingLangAItopracticemySpanish.Itcannotonlycorrectmyerrors,Itoldhim,butalsogivemedifferentregionalexpressionsinthelanguage,includingMexicanSpanish,ArgentinianSpanish,andSpanglish.And,unlikewhenIamchattingwithhimonWhatsApp,Idonothavetofactorintimezonedifferences.Myfriendseemedlessexcited.“So,you’vereplacedme?”hejoked.Ihaven’t,ofcourse.TheconvenienceandwidthofanAIchatbotcan’tpetewiththepleasuresofchattingwithsomeonewhosepersonalityIhavelearnedoverthecourseofyears.Itis,however,ausefulsupplement.LangAI,onespecificlanguagelearningchatbot,waslaunchedinMarchbyFedericoRuizCassarino.HedrewonhisownexperiencesoflearningEnglishaftermovingfromUruguaytoBritain.Manypeoplegetselfconsciousaboutmakingmistakesinalanguagetheybarelyspeak,eventoatutor,RuizCassarinonotes.Butachatbotwon’tjudgeyou.AndthenewwaveofgenerativeAIissoadvancedthatratherthansticktoboringprescripted（照本宣科的）roleplays,“youcanspeakaboutthingsthatareinterestingtoyou,whichmakesitfeellikenotasmuchofachoretolearn.”Tothisend,theteamcustomizedLangAI’sinterfacetomatchusers’vocabularylevels,addedtheabilitytomakecorrectionsduringaconversation,andenabledtheconversionofspeechtotext.AIpoweredlanguagelearningappshaveweaknesses.UsersarereportingthatchatbotsarequitepetentinwidelyspokenEuropeanlanguages,butthequalitysubstantiallyworsensforlanguagesthatarelessrepresentedonlineorthathavedifferentwritingsystems.Eveninmonlanguages,thechatbotsmakeerrors,sometimesinventingwords.Thismaynotbotheradvancedlearnersmuch,butwiththesechatbotsdeliveringtextsoconfidently,itwouldbeeasyforarelativelynewlearnertotakewhattheysayascorrect.4.WhatadvantagesdoesAIhaveovermyfriend?A.Fixeveryerrorinconversations. B.Displaydifferencesinlanguages.C.Provideenjoyableconversations. D.Offerroundtheclockassistance.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph2referto?A.Thecourseofyears. B.PracticesonLangAI.C.ChatsonWhatsApp. D.Thepleasuresofchatting.6.WhyisCassarino’slanguagelearningexperiencementioned?A.TohighlighttheinspirationbehindLangAI’screation.B.Toillustratethechallengesfacedbylanguagelearners.C.Toparethedifferencesbetweendifferentlanguages.D.ToshowLangAI’semphasisonpersonalizedexperiences7.WhatcanLangAIdotosupportlanguagelearners?A.Scoringusers’performanceinconversations.B.Generatingspeechaccordingtothegiventext.C.Creatingnewwordsbytherulesofwordformation.D.Providingdialoguesbasedonusers’languageproficiency.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过讲述LangAI的使用情况，说明了使用LangAI练习语言的优点和不足。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“And,unlikewhenIamchattingwithhimonWhatsApp,Idonothavetofactorintimezonedifferences.(而且，与我在WhatsApp上与他聊天时不同，我不需要考虑时区差异的因素。)”可知，AI的优势是可以提供全天候帮助。故选D项。【5题详解】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“TheconvenienceandwidthofanAIchatbotcan’tpetewiththepleasuresofchattingwithsomeonewhosepersonalityIhavelearnedoverthecourseofyears.(人工智能聊天机器人的便利性和广度无法和与我多年来了解的人聊天的乐趣相比。)”描述了使用人工智能聊天机器人练习语言的特点，从而推知划线词句“Itis,however,ausefulsupplement.(然而，It是一种有用的补充。)”其中划线代词指代的是“使用LangAI练习语言”。故选B项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“LangAI,onespecificlanguagelearningchatbot,waslaunchedinMarchbyFedericoRuizCassarino.HedrewonhisownexperiencesoflearningEnglishaftermovingfromUruguaytoBritain.(今年3月，FedericoRuizCassarino推出了一款专门学习语言的聊天机器人LangAI。他借鉴了自己从乌拉圭搬到英国后学习英语的经历。)”可知，提到Cassarino的语言学习经历是为了突出LangAI创作背后的灵感。故选A项。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Tothisend,theteamcustomizedLangAI’sinterfacetomatchusers’vocabularylevels,addedtheabilitytomakecorrectionsduringaconversation,andenabledtheconversionofspeechtotext.(为此，该团队定制了LangAI的界面，以匹配用户的词汇量水平，增加了在对话中进行更正的能力，并实现了语音到文本的转换。)”可知，LangAI能根据用户的语言水平提供对话来支持语言学习者。故选D项。CThecorneatenaroundtheworldtodayoriginatedinMexiconearly10,000yearsago.FromtheancientritualsoftheMayanstomoderndaydishesliketortillas,corniscentraltoculture,cuisine,andidentityinthisregion.Toprotectthisheritage,Mexicoisfightingtophaseoutgeneticallymodified(GM)U.S.—growncornthisyear.TheMexicangovernmentclaimsthatbanningGMcornwillprotectthecountry’snativecornvarieties.YettheannouncementarousedstrongobjectionsfromtheU.S.,whoselargestannualcustomerforGMcornisoftenMexico.TheU.S.claimsthattheGMbanbreaksthetradeagreementbetweenthetwocountries.MexicoinsiststhatmodifiedseedsthreatenMexico’sagriculturaltraditionsandculturalidentity.IntheU.S.,mostcornisgrownwithseedproducedbylargepanies,whichcreatejustahandfulofgeneticallyidenticalcornvarietiesgrownatmassscale.InMexico,however,seedsefromseedsharingpracticesamongsmallscalefarms,whichfacilitatesmorediversityandallowsfarmerstogrowcornthatrangeswidelyincolorandsize.“Traditionalvarietiesmaintainasubstantialamountofgeneticdiversity,”saysJeffreyRossIbarra,anecologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,buthedoesn’tthinkbanningGMcornwillhelppreservethesevarieties,andpointstoadeclineinsmallscalefarmsasthegreaterthreattonativecorn.“Iftraditionalfarmersabandonsubsistencefarming,we’repotentiallylosingdiversitywhetherthatcropisGMortraditionallybred,soeconomicpolicyhasamuchbiggerimpactontheriskofcorndiversitythananadoptionofGMcorn.”SinceMexicobeganimportingU.S.corn,smallscalefarmshavebeendeclining.MauricioBellon,aresearchprofessorattheSwettCenterforSustainableFoodsSystems,believesthatwhilethreatenedspeciesareoftenstoredingenebanks,therelationshipbetweenafarmerandtheircropplaysacrucialconservationrole.“EvolutionatscalecontinueswithcorninMexicothroughmillionsoffarmers,”sayshim.8.WhyisMexicoprohibitingGMcorn?A.Tosafeguarditsowntypesofcorn. B.Toreducethecostofimportingcorn.C.TogetridofthedependenceontheUS. D.Tostopthedecreaseofsmallscalefarms.9.WhatisdifferentincornproductionpracticesbetweentheUSandMexicofromparagraph3?A.Thetechnologyoffarming. B.Thesourceofcornseeds.C.Theownershipoffarmland. D.Therelationshipbetweenfarmers.10.What’sJefferey’sattitudetowardtheMexicangovernment’sclaim?A.Approval. B.Concerned. C.Critical. D.Tolerant.11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.GMcornhasnegativeeffectsontraditionalfarms.B.Endangeredspeciesarewellpreservedingenebanks.C.SpeciesdiversitycontributestotheevolutionofspeciesD.Traditionalfarmingpracticeshelpinpreservingcornvarieties.【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了墨西哥政府禁止转基因玉米保护本国的本土玉米品种的政策以及研究人员的不同看法。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“TheMexicangovernmentclaimsthatbanningGMcornwillprotectthecountry’snativecornvarieties.(墨西哥政府声称，禁止转基因玉米将保护该国的本土玉米品种。)”可知，墨西哥禁止转基因玉米是为了保护自己的玉米品种。故选A项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“IntheU.S.,mostcornisgrownwithseedproducedbylargepanies,whichcreatejustahandfulofgeneticallyidenticalcornvarietiesgrownatmassscale.InMexico,however,seedsefromseedsharingpracticesamongsmallscalefarms,whichfacilitatesmorediversityandallowsfarmerstogrowcornthatrangeswidelyincolorandsize.(在美国，大多数玉米都是用大公司生产的种子种植的，这些大公司只生产少量大规模种植的基因相同的玉米品种。然而，在墨西哥，种子来自小规模农场之间的种子共享做法，这促进了更多的多样性，并允许农民种植颜色和大小各异的玉米。)”可知，在美国和墨西哥的玉米生产实践中，玉米种子的来源不同。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“‘Traditionalvarietiesmaintainasubstantialamountofgeneticdiversity,’saysJeffreyRossIbarra,anecologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,buthedoesn’tthinkbanningGMcornwillhelppreservethesevarieties,andpointstoadeclineinsmallscalefarmsasthegreaterthreattonativecorn.(‘传统品种保持了大量的遗传多样性，’加州大学的生态学家JeffreyRossIbarra说，但他不认为禁止转基因玉米将有助于保护这些品种，并指出小规模农场的退化是对本地玉米的更大威胁。)”以及“Iftraditionalfarmersabandonsubsistencefarming,we’repotentiallylosingdiversitywhetherthatcropisGMortraditionallybred,soeconomicpolicyhasamuchbiggerimpactontheriskofcorndiversitythananadoptionofGMcorn.(如果传统农民放弃自给自足的农业，我们可能会失去多样性，无论这种作物是转基因还是传统育种，因此经济政策对玉米多样性风险的影响要比采用转基因玉米大得多。)”可知，Jeffrey对墨西哥政府的声明持批评态度。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“MauricioBellon,aresearchprofessorattheSwettCenterforSustainableFoodsSystems,believesthatwhilethreatenedspeciesareoftenstoredingenebanks,therelationshipbetweenafarmerandtheircropplaysacrucialconservationrole.“EvolutionatscalecontinueswithcorninMexicothroughmillionsoffarmers,”sayshe.(斯威特可持续食品系统中心的研究教授MauricioBellon认为，虽然濒危物种通常被储存在基因库中，但农民与作物之间的关系在保护中起着至关重要的作用。他说：‘墨西哥数以百万计的农民种植玉米，大规模的进化仍在继续。’)”可知，传统的耕作方式有助于保存玉米品种。故选D项。DThecolorfulanemonefish(海葵鱼),alsoknownasclownfish,possessesacheerfulandcarefreeimageamonghumans.However,theiractualbehaviormightnotalwaysalignwiththefamilyfriendlyportrayalseeninaPixarfilm.Theycanaggressivelydefendtheirterritoryagainstotheranemonefishtheyperceiveasthreats.Toinvestigatehowthesefishidentifygroupmembers,ateamfromJapanconductedtwoexperimentswithlabraisedmonclownfishthathadneverencounteredanyotherspecies.Inthefirstexperiment,researchersintroduceddifferentspeciesofanemonefish,distinguishablebythenumberofwhitebarsontheirbodies,intoatankinsmallcases.Theyobservedthatthemonclownfishwereparticularlyhostiletowardmembersoftheirownspeciesthatdisplayedthreewhitebars.Thesefishfought80percentoftheirspecifictargetedfishforuptothreeseconds.Incontrast,invadersfromotherspecies,liketheorangeskunkclownfishwithnosidebarsandawhitelinealongitsback,werebarelyattacked.ThetwobarredClarke’sclownfishandthreebarredsaddlebackclownfishwere“mildlybullied”,accordingtotheteam.Duringthesecondexperiment,theresearchersexposedacolonyofclownfishtovariousplasticdiscs.Thediscswerepaintedwithanemonefishcolorationandmeasuredthelevelofaggressiontowardstheseartificialmodels.Similartoreactionstolivefish,modelswithtwobarswerelessfrequentlyattacked,andthosewithoutanybarssawtheleastaggression.AccordingtostudycoauthorandecologistKinaHayashi,thefindings“suggestthatclownfishiscapableofcountingthenumberofbarstorecognizethespeciesoftheinvader”.Theteamalsofoundthatarigidhierarchy(社会等级)withinclownfishcoloniesdetermineswhichspecificfishattacktheinvader.Earlierstudieshaveshownthatthesocialpositionoftheclownfishisdeterminedbyveryslightdifferencesinsize.Thisstudyusedfishthathadnotmaturedandwereinalabsetting,buttheteamstillobservedthesamesizebasedhierarchy.Thelargestclownfishledthechargeagainsttheinvader.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hostile”meaninthethirdparagraph?A.Unfriendly. B.Tolerant. C.Patient. D.Sympathetic.13.Howisthestudyconducted?A.Byintroducinganewconcept. B.Byparingdifferentclownfish.C.Byobservingclownfish’behaviors. D.Byanalyzingstatisticsofpreviousstudies.14.Whatisthefindingofthetwoexperiments?A.Clownfishcan’treachmaturityinalabsetting.B.Skunkclownfishisthemostmodestclownfish.C.Thesocialpositionofaclownfishdependsonitssize.D.Clownfishidentifythreatsbythenumberofverticalbars.15.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.BarredandBullied:AttacksfromAnemonefish.B.ClownfishandConflicts:StrictSocialHierarchies.C.BeyondtheScreen:TheidentificationofClownfish.D.FromLabtoTank:AggressionAmongAnemonefish.【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项研究，表明电影中描绘的家族友好型小丑鱼并不总是那么友好，它们也会积极地攻击它们认为是威胁的其他小丑鱼。【12题详解】词句猜测题。第三段划线词句后文“Thesefishfought80percentoftheirspecifictargetedfishforuptothreeseconds.(这些鱼与80%的特定目标鱼搏斗长达3秒。)”说明这些鱼对特定目标鱼不友好，从而推知划线词句“Theyobservedthatthemonclownfishwereparticularlyhostiletowardmembersoftheirownspeciesthatdisplayedthreewhitebars.(他们观察到，普通的小丑鱼对自己物种中表现出三条白色条纹的成员尤其hostile。)”其中划线部分意思是“不友好，有敌意”。故选A项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Inthefirstexperiment,researchersintroduceddifferentspeciesofanemonefish,distinguishablebythenumberofwhitebarsontheirbodies,intoatankinsmallcases.Theyobservedthatthemonclownfishwereparticularlyhostiletowardmembersoftheirownspeciesthatdisplayedthreewhitebars.(在第一个实验中，研究人员将不同种类的海葵鱼，通过它们身体上白色条纹的数量来区分，放进一个小箱子里。他们观察到，普通的小丑鱼对自己物种中表现出三条白色条纹的成员尤其hostile。)”等内容可知，这项研究是通过观察鱼的行为进行的。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“AccordingtostudycoauthorandecologistKinaHayashi,thefindings‘suggestthatclownfishiscapableofcountingthenumberofbarstorecognizethespeciesoftheinvader’.(根据该研究的合著者、生态学家KinaHayashi的说法，这些发现‘表明小丑鱼能够通过计算条纹的数量来识别入侵者的种类’。)”可知，这两个实验的结果发现小丑鱼通过条纹的数量来识别威胁。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Thecolorfulanemonefish(海葵鱼),alsoknownasclownfish,possessesacheerfulandcarefreeimageamonghumans.However,theiractualbehaviormightnotalwaysalignwiththefamilyfriendlyportrayalseeninaPixarfilm.Theycanaggressivelydefendtheirterritoryagainstotheranemonefishtheyperceiveasthreats.(五颜六色的海葵鱼，也被称为小丑鱼，在人类中有着欢快和无忧无虑的形象。然而，他们的实际行为可能并不总是与皮克斯电影中对家族友好的描绘相符。它们可以积极地保护自己的领土，不受它们认为是威胁的其他海葵鱼的攻击。)”可知，本文主要讲述了电影中描绘的家族友好型小丑鱼并不总是那么友好，它们也会积极地攻击它们认为是威胁的其他小丑鱼。C“屏幕之外：小丑鱼的鉴定”符合主题，故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Iamalwaysconfusedwhenreadingstatementslike“PrincetonUniversityisthenumberonecollegeintheUnitedStates.”ArethosewhoattendPrincetoninherentlybrighterthantheirpeers?____16____OrisPrincetonthebestacrossallacademicsubjectsoverall?Ididn’tcareaboutcollegerankingsforyearsuntilIrecentlysawsomethingdifferent.ThispastOctober,ShanghaiRankingConsultancyunveiledtheGlobalRankingofAcademicSubjects2023,whichassessesuniversitiesworldwideacross55subjectsinfivedisciplines.____17____Andthismakesiteasierforprospectivestudentstochoosethebestcollegefortheirspecificsubject.____18____WhenIdelveddeeperintothemethodologybehindtheserankings,Idiscoveredaplexwebofcriteria,includingacademicreputation,researchoutput,andinternationalcollaboration.____19____However,theydonotcapturetheentiretyofthecollegeexperience.Factorslikecampusculture,extracurricularopportunities,andfacultystudentinteractionscanprofoundlyshapeyourundergraduateyears,yettheyoftenremainunquantifiableinrankingsystems.____20____Whatmaybetheidealenvironmentforonestudentpursuingengineeringmightnotsuitanotherstudyingliterature.It’scrucialtoconsideryourpersonalpreferences,careeraspirations,andlearningstylewhenevaluatingpotentialcolleges.Whileprestigiousuniversitiesmayofferunparalleledresourcesandnetworkingopportunities,asmaller,lesserknowncollegemightprovideamorenurturingandsupportiveenvironmentforyourindividualgrowthanddevelopment.Ultimately,thebestcollegeforyouistheonethatalignswithyourvalues,ambitions,andvisionforthefuture.A.Thevalueofauniversityeducationgoesbeyonditsranking.B.IsPrincetonthemostbeautifulcampusallaroundtheworld?C.IsPrincetonabletoproducemoregeniusesupongraduation?D.Thatbeingsaid,howmuchweightshouldbegiventotheserankings?E.Actually,theconceptofa“best”collegeissubjectiveandcontextdependent.F.Thesemeasuresprovidevaluableinsightsintotheacademicstrengthofuniversities.G.Itissaidtoemployamoreindepthapproachtoevaluatetheperformanceofuniversities.【答案】16.C17.G18.D19.F20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者谈论了对于大学排名的质疑。【16题详解】上文“Iamalwaysconfusedwhenreadingstatementslike‘PrincetonUniversityisthenumberonecollegeintheUnitedStates.’ArethosewhoattendPrincetoninherentlybrighterthantheirpeers?(当我读到‘普林斯顿大学是美国第一大学’这样的说法时，我总是很困惑。普林斯顿的学生天生就比同龄人聪明吗？)”及下文“OrisPrincetonthebestacrossallacademicsubjectsoverall?(还是普林斯顿大学在所有学科上都是最好的？)”说明作者对‘普林斯顿大学是美国第一大学’这样的说法表示质疑，所以一连问了一系列的问题，选项C“普林斯顿大学能在毕业后培养出更多的天才吗?”是对此质疑的问题中的一个。故选C项。【17题详解】上文“ThispastOctober,ShanghaiRankingConsultancyunveiledtheGlobalRankingofAcademicSubjects2023,whichassessesuniversitiesworldwideacross55subjectsinfivedisciplines.(去年10月，上海排名咨询公司发布了《2023年全球学科排名》，该排名对全球5个学科的55个学科进行了评估。)”说明某公司对大学进行了评估，选项G“据说要采用一种更深入的方法来评估大学的表现。”承接上文，说明据说评估的方法更深入。故选G项。【18题详解】上文“Andthismakesiteasierforprospectivestudentstochoosethebestcollegefortheirspecificsubject.(这使得未来的学生更容易为他们的特定专业选择最好的大学。)”说明有人认为大学排名使未来的学生更容易为他们的特定专业选择最好的大学，选项D“话虽如此，这些排名应该给予多少权重?”承接上文，作者对这些排名到底占多少权重进行质疑。故选D项。【19题详解】上文“WhenIdelveddeeperintothemethodologybehindtheserankings,Idiscoveredaplexwebofcriteria,includingacademicreputation,researchoutput,andinternationalcollaboration.(当我深入研究这些排名背后的方法时，我发现了一个复杂的标准网络，包括学术声誉、研究成果和国际合作。)”说明排名的方法有复杂的标准网络，包括许多方面，选项F“这些衡量提供了对大学学术实力的有价值的见解。”承接上文，说明这些排名对衡量大学有一定的意义。故选F项。【20题详解】下文“Whatmaybetheidealenvironmentforonestudentpursuingengineeringmightnotsuitanotherstudyingliterature.It’scrucialtoconsideryourpersonalpreferences,careeraspirations,andlearningstylewhenevaluatingpotentialcolleges.Whileprestigiousuniversitiesmayofferunparalleledresourcesandnetworkingopportunities,asmaller,lesserknowncollegemightprovideamorenurturingandsupportiveenvironmentforyourindividualgrowthanddevelopment.Ultimately,thebestcollegeforyouistheonethatalignswithyourvalues,ambitions,andvisionforthefuture.(对于一个学习工程学的学生来说，理想的环境可能不适合另一个学习文学的学生。在评估潜在的大学时，考虑你的个人偏好、职业抱负和学习风格是至关重要的。虽然名牌大学可能会提供无与伦比的资源和社交机会，但一所规模较小、知名度较低的大学可能会为你的个人成长和发展提供更多的培育和支持环境。最终，最适合你的大学是一所符合你的价值观、抱负和未来愿景的大学。)”说明“最好”的大学概念并不是客观的，要具体情况具体分析，选项E“实际上，‘最好’大学的概念是主观的，并且取决于具体情况。”概括本段主题，是本段主题句。故选E项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IntheheartofGaza,a15yearoldPalestinianteen,HussamAlAttar,hasbeeabeaconofhope.Hehasbeen____21____the’NewtonofGaza’becausehecameupwithabrilliantandpracticalsolutiontoaddressthepower____22____issueindisplacementsheltersinRafah.Equippedwith____23____basictools,Hussamgeneratedelectricitytoilluminatethedarkshelters.The____24____behindhissolutionwassimplehewantedto____25____thelonelinessandfearhistwinnephewsexperiencedinthedarktent.Despitethe____26____ofresources,Hussammanagedtocreatefansthatgenerateelectricity.Firstly,he____27____ponentsfromdamagedelectronicdevices,gatheringessentialelementsforhispowergenerators.Theseponentshaveincludedcoils,___28___,andmagnets.Next,Hussam____29____asimpleyeteffectiveturbine(涡轮)usinglocally____30____materials.Theturbine’sblades(叶片)wereconstructedfromlightweightbutstrongmaterialsto____31____theforceofthewind.Asthewind___32___theseblades,itactivatedtheturbine.Withdreamsofbeinganinventor,Hussamremains____33____aboutlife’spossibilitiesdespitePalestine’schallenges.Healsonotesthattherearemany____34____teenslikehiminGaza.Asthe’NewtonofGaza,’HussamAlAttarisnotjustbrighteningshelters;heislightingthewayforabrighterfutureinthefaceof____35____21.A.rewarded B.nicknamed C.awarded D.marked22.A.balance B.abuse C.control D.failure23.A.nearly B.almost C.only D.much24.A.instruction B.situation C.motivation D.explanation25.A.overe B.ease C.release D.escape26.A.supply B.waste C.shortage D.distribution27.A.recycled B.restored C.refreshed D.reformed28.A.wires B.buttons C.switches D.batteries29A.obtained B.transformed C.repaired D.fashioned30.A.affordable B.sustainable C.available D.organic31.A.resist B.capture C.measure D.generate32.A.interactedwith B.cooperatedwith C.dealtwith D.agreedwith33.A.curious B.optimistic C.amazed D.sympatric34.A.energetic B.bold C.promising D.innovative35.A.change B.adventure C.danger D.adversity【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.C25.B26.C27.A28.A29.D30.C31.B32.A33.B34.D35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了15岁的巴勒斯坦少年HussamAlAttar提出了一个聪明而实用的解决方案来解决拉法流离失所者收容所的停电问题。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他被称为“加沙的牛顿”，因为他提出了一个聪明而实用的解决方案来解决拉法流离失所者收容所的停电问题。A.rewarded奖励；B.nicknamed取绰号；C.awarded授予；D.marked做标记。根据后文“the“NewtonofGaza””指给他取了“加沙的牛顿”这个绰号。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他被称为“加沙的牛顿”，因为他提出了一个聪明而实用的解决方案来解决拉法流离失所者收容所的停电问题。A.balance平衡；B.abuse虐待；C.control控制；D.failure失败，故障；失灵。根据上文“hecameupwithabrilliantandpracticalsolutiontoaddressthepower”可知，给他取这个绰号是因为他解决了电力供应故障问题，故选D。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：胡萨姆只装备了最基本的工具，他发电来照亮黑暗的避难所。A.nearly差不多；B.almost几乎；