药物剂型的分类(双语)

可编辑可编辑精品文档，欢迎下载精品文档，欢迎下载可编辑精品文档，欢迎下载药物剂型的分类Theclassificationofdrugdosageforms按物态分类Accordingtothematerialclassification将剂型分为固体、半固体、液体和气体等类。固体剂型入散剂、颗粒剂（冲剂）、丸剂、片剂、胶剂等；半固体剂型如内服膏滋、外用膏剂、糊剂；液体剂型如汤剂、合剂（含口服液剂）、糖浆剂、酒剂、酊剂、露剂、注射液等；气体剂型如气雾剂、烟剂等。Thedosageformsaredividedintosolid,semisolid,liquidandgas.Soliddosageformsintopowder,granule(granule),pills,tablets,adhesiveagent;semisoliddosageformssuchasoralsoftextract,ointment,paste;liquiddosageformssuchasdecoction,Decoction(includingoralliquidagent),syrup,wine,tincture,lotions,injection;gasdosageformssuchasaerosol,smokeagentetc..可编辑可编辑精品文档，欢迎下载精品文档，欢迎下载可编辑精品文档，欢迎下载由于物态相同，其制备特点和医疗效果亦有相同之处。例如固体剂型多需经粉碎和混合；半固体剂型多需要熔化和研匀；液体剂型多需经提取。疗效方面以液体、气体剂型为最快，固体剂型较慢。Duetothesamestate,itspreparationandmedicaleffectissimilar.Forexample,soliddosageformsmorecrushingandmixing;semisoliddosageformsneedtomeltandresearchsmoothing;liquiddosageformsbyextraction.Effectinliquid,gasdosageformforthefastest,soliddosageformsslowly.这种分类法在制备、贮藏和运输上较有意义，但是过于简单，缺少剂型间的内在联系，实用价值不大。Thisclassificationmethodinthepreparation,storageandtransportationissignificant,butistoosimple,thelackofinternalconnectionforms,oflittlepracticalvalue.可编辑可编辑精品文档，欢迎下载精品文档，欢迎下载可编辑精品文档，欢迎下载二、按制法分类Accordingtotheclassificationsystemoflaw将主要工序采用同样方法制备的剂型列为一类。例如浸出药剂是将用浸出方法制备的汤剂、合剂、酒剂、酊剂、流浸膏剂与浸膏剂等归纳为一类。无菌制剂是将用灭菌方法或无菌操作法制备的注射剂、滴眼剂等列为一类。这种分类法有利于研究制备的共同规律，但归纳不全，而且某些剂型随着科学的发展会改变其制法，故有一定局限性。Themainprocessadoptstheformofcolumnsimilarlypreparedforaclass.Suchasleachingagentismadebyleachingmethodforpreparationofdecoction,mixture,wine,tincture,liquidextractandextractagentintoaclass.Sterilepreparationisinjection,willusethesterilizationmethodorasepticpreparationofeyedropsasaclass.Thisclassificationisconducivetothecommonlawofpreparation,butthesumisnotcomplete,andsomedosageformswiththedevelopmentofsciencewillchangeitspreparationmethod,ithascertainlimitations.可编辑可编辑精品文档，欢迎下载精品文档，欢迎下载可编辑精品文档，欢迎下载三、按分散系统分类Accordingtotheclassificationofdispersedsystem此法按剂型分散特性分类，便于应用物理化学原理说明各类剂型的特点。分类如下。Themethodaccordingtothedosageformdispersioncharacteristicsofclassification,facilitatetheapplicationofphysicalchemistryprincipleexplainsthecharacteristicsofvariousdosage.Classifiedasfollows.1.真溶液类剂型：如芳香水剂、溶液剂、醑剂、甘油剂及部分注射剂等；2.胶体溶液类剂型：如胶浆剂、火棉胶剂、涂膜剂等；3.乳浊液类剂型：如乳剂、静脉乳剂、部分搽剂等；4.混悬液类剂型：如合剂、洗剂、混悬剂等；5.气体分散体剂型：如气雾剂等；6.固体分散体剂型：如散剂、丸剂、片剂等；1truesolutiondosageforms:suchasaromaticfragranceagent,solution,spirit,glycerolandinjection;可编辑可编辑精品文档，欢迎下载精品文档，欢迎下载可编辑精品文档，欢迎下载2colloidalsolutiondosageforms:suchasmucilage,collodion,plasticsetc.;3emulsiondosageforms:suchasemulsion,emulsion,etc.someliniment;4suspensiondosageforms:suchasagent,lotion,suspensionagentetc.;5gasdispersionforms:suchasaerosol;6soliddispersionformulation:suchaspowder,pills,tablets,etc.;这类分类法最大的缺点是不能反映用药部位与方法对剂型的要求，甚至一种剂型由于辅料和制法的不同而必须分到几个分散系统中去，因而无法保持剂型的完整性，如注射剂中有溶液型、混悬型、乳浊型及粉针型等，合剂、软膏剂也有类似情况。此外，中药汤剂可同时包含有真溶液、胶体溶液、乳浊液和混悬液。Thebiggestdisadvantageofclassificationmethodisunabletoreflecttheapplicationsiteandmethodofdosageforms,andevenadosageformasexcipientsandpreparationmethodisdifferentandmustbedividedintoseveraldecentralizedsystem,integrityandcannotmaintaindosageforms,suchasinjectioninthesolution,suspension,emulsionandpowdertype,agent,ointmenthadasimilarsituation.Inaddition,可编辑可编辑精品文档，欢迎下载精品文档，欢迎下载可编辑精品文档，欢迎下载traditionalChinesemedicinedecoctioncanalsocontainthetruesolution,colloidalsolution,emulsionandsuspension.四、按给药途径与方法分类Accordingtotheclassificationadministrationrouteandmethod将采用同一给药途径和方法的剂型列为一类。分类如下。Willusethesamerouteofadministrationanddosageformsasaclassmethod.Classifiedasfollows.1.经胃肠道给药的剂型：有汤剂、合剂（口服液）、糖浆剂、煎膏剂、酒剂、流浸膏剂、散剂、颗粒剂（冲剂）、丸剂、片剂、胶囊剂等。经直肠给药的有灌肠剂、栓剂等。2.不经胃肠道给药的剂型：a、注射给药的，有注射剂（包括肌内注射、静脉注射、皮下注射、皮内注射及穴位注射）；b皮肤给药的，有软膏剂、膏药、橡胶膏剂、糊剂、搽剂、洗剂、涂膜剂、离子透入剂等；可编辑可编辑精品文档，欢迎下载精品文档，欢迎下载可编辑精品文档，欢迎下载c粘膜给药的，有滴眼剂、滴鼻剂、含漱剂、舌下片、吹入剂、栓剂、膜剂及含化丸等；d呼吸道给药的，有气雾剂、吸入剂、烟剂等。1administeredviathegastrointestinaltractpreparation:decoction,Decoction(oralliquid),syrup,electuary,wine,liquidextract,powder,granule(granule),pill,tablet,capsuleetc..Rectaladministrationofenemas,suppository.2nogastrointestinaldrugs:A,givenbyinjection,withinjection(includingintramuscularinjection,intravenousinjection,subcutaneousinjection,intradermalinjectionandacupuncturepointinjection);Bskindose,withointment,plaster,rubberpaste,paste,liniment,lotion,liniment,iontophoresisagent;Cmucosaladministration,thereareeyedrops,nasaldrops,gargle,sublingualtablets,suppositories,blowingagent,filmformingagentandcontainingpills;Drespiratorydrugdelivery,withaerosolinhalation,smokeagent,etc..可编辑可编辑精品文档，欢迎下载精品文档，欢迎下载可编辑精品文档，欢迎下载这类分类方法与临床用药结合得比较紧密，并能反映给药途径与方法对剂型制备的特殊要求。缺点是一种剂型，由于给药途径或方法的不同，可能多次出现，使剂型分类复杂化，同时这种分类方法亦不能反映剂型的内在特性。Thiskindofclassificationmethodandclinicalmedicationcombinationofmoreclosely,specialrequirementsandcanreflecttheadministrationrouteandmethodofpreparation.Theweaknessisakindofform,therouteofadministrationorthedifferentmethods,mayappearmanytimes,thedosageformclassificationiscomplicated,atthesametime,thismethodalsocannotreflecttheinherentcharacteristicsofdosageform.四、浸出制剂的分类Classificationofleachingagent1、水浸出剂型：汤剂、合剂等2、含醇浸出剂型：药酒、酊剂、流浸膏等3、含糖浸出剂型：煎膏剂、糖浆剂等可编辑可编辑精品文档，欢迎下载精品文档，欢迎下载可编辑精品文档，欢迎下载4、无菌浸出剂型：注射剂等5、其他浸出剂型：片剂、胶囊剂等1,waterleachingdosage:decoction,mixture2,alcoholleachingdosage:wine,tincture,extractetc.3,sugarleachingdosage:electuary,syrupetc.4,steriledosageforms:injectionofleaching5,otherleachingdosage:tablet,capsuleetc.五、无菌制剂的分类Classificationofsterilepreparations按给药途径：规定无菌制剂和非规定无菌制剂(即限菌制剂)等；按除去活微生物的制备工艺：无菌制剂分为灭菌制剂和无菌制剂等；可编辑可编辑精品文档，欢迎下载精品文档，欢迎下载可编辑精品文档，欢迎下载Accordingtorouteofadministration:theprovisionsprescribedasepticpreparationandnonsterilepreparations(whichlimitthebacteria);Accordingtothepreparationoflivingmicroorganismsremoval:asepticpreparationforsterilizationandasepticpreparationandotherpreparations;广义上，无菌制剂和非无菌制剂都规定有染菌的限度，前者要求不得检出