人教版九年级全一册英语unit6语法精讲-一般过去时被动语态

语法精讲——一般过去时被动语态一般过去时被动语态知识点01概念及句型概念:表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，主语是动作的承受者。【句型剖析】1.肯定句:主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词+其他。Hewaschosentoworkforthevillage.他被选上为这个村庄工作。2.否定句:主语+was/were+not+及物动词的过去分词十其他。Hewasn'tchosentoworkforthevillage.他没有被选上为这个村庄工作。3.一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were.否定回答:No,主语+was/were+not.—Washechosentoworkforthevillage?他被选上为这个村庄工作了吗?—Yes,hewas./No,hewasn't.是的,他被选上了。/不,他没被选上。4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他?Whenwasthepicturetaken?这张照片是什么时候拍的?知识点02被动语态中助动词be的用法概念:被动语态中助动词be的用法【句型剖析】被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be在句中必须与主语的人称和数保持一致，且各种时态也体现在助动词be上。如：一般现在时用is/am/are+过去分词；一般过去时用was/were+过去分词；一般将来时用will+be+过去分词；现在完成时用has/have+been+过去分词；过去完成时用had+been+动词的过去分词；现在进行时用am/is/are+being+过去分词；过去进行时用was/were+being+过去分词等共十种时态。但没有完成进行时和将来进行时。有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成。例如：1.Brucewritesalettereveryweek.（主动语态）AletteriswrittenbyBruceeveryweek.（被动语态）2.Tombrokethewindows.（主动语态）ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom.（被动语态）3.WehavestudiedEnglishfor3years.（主动语态）Englishhasbeenstudiedfor3years.（被动语态）4.Youmustlockthedoorwhenyouleave.（主动语态）Thedoormustbelockedwhenyouleave.（被动语态）知识点03带双宾语的动词变被动语态【句型剖析】带双宾语的动词变被动语态带双宾语的动词，如give,send,buy,leave,lend,offer,pay,teach,tell,make,pass,sell,show,borrow等，变被动语态时，一般将间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，把直接宾语(指物)保留下来，也可把直接宾语(指物)变为被动语态的主语，把间接宾语留在后面，但要在间接宾语前加介词to或for，到底用to还是for，与前面所搭配的动词有关。1.Jackgavehersomemoney.（主动语态）ShewasgivensomemoneybyJack.（被动语态）SomemoneywasgiventoherbyJack.（被动语态）2.Heshowedmehispictures.Iwasshownhispicturesbyhim.Hispictureswereshowntomebyhim.3.Mymothermademeabigcake.Iwasmadeabigcakebymymother.Abigcakewasmadeformebymymother.知识点04接不定式作宾语补足语的动词变被动语态【句型剖析】接不定式作宾语补足语的动词变被动语态带不定式作宾语补足语的动词在改为被动语态时，其后的不定式一律不能省略to。特别是使役动词have,make以及感官动词see,watch,notice,lookat,listento,hear,feel,observe等后面跟不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动语态中不定式to要省略，但变为被动语态时，要加上省掉的to。例如：1.IsawTomentertheroom.Tomwasseentoentertheroombyme.2.Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.【经典练】1．—Look,Lindaislaughinghappily.Whathappened?—She________byourteacherjustnow.A．praised B．ispraised C．waspraised D．waspraising2．Thehigh-speedrailwayhasinfluencedpeople'slifealotsinceit___________.A．wasinvented B．invented C．isinvented3．Ourschoolhasalonghistoryandit_________in1907.A．built B．build C．wasbuilt D．isbuilt4．Thesuperheroes,suchasSpider-ManandIronMan,______byStanLeewhenhewasalive.A．arecreated B．havebeencreated C．willbecreated D．werecreated5．SunYang_________byhiscoachtotrainregularly.A．wasadvised B．advises C．advised D．beadvised6．It'ssaidthattea___________toKoreaandJapanfromChinainthe6thand7thcenturies.A．brought B．isbrought C．wasbrought7．Whenhegothome,hesawhisdog_______onthefloorandabottleofwinewas_______onthetable.A．lied,lain B．lying,laid C．lay,lying8．Thispairofshoes________Mom,andit________verycomfortable.A．wasmadewith;isfelt B．weremadefrom;isfeltC．weremadeby;feels D．wasmadeby;feels9．Thestudents__________nottoeatinclass，butLucy__________therulewhensheateabiscuitinthescienceclass.A．tell；broke B．aretold；wasbroken C．weretold；broke D．tell；isbroken10．Thecomputerhasinfluencedpeople'slifesinceit__________.A．invents B．invented C．isinvented D．wasinvented

答案1．—Look,Lindaislaughinghappily.Whathappened?—She________byourteacherjustnow.A．praised B．ispraised C．waspraised D．waspraising【答案】C【详解】句意：——看，Linda笑得多开心。发生什么了？——她刚刚被我们的老师表扬了。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据句意可知主语“She”和动词“praise”是被动关系，因此需用被动语态，结构“bedone”，排除A和D选项。根据时间“justnow”可知时态是一般过去时，因此用waspraised。故选C。2．Thehigh-speedrailwayhasinfluencedpeople'slifealotsinceit___________.A．wasinvented B．invented C．isinvented【答案】A【详解】句意：自从高铁发明以来，它对人们的生活产生了很大的影响。考查一般过去时被动语态。该句是现在完成时，since后跟一般过去时；it指代“Thehigh-speedrailway”，和“invent发明”构成被动关系，一般过去时被动语态构成：was/weredone，it第三人称单数，be动词用was，invent过去分词为invented，因此用wasinvented。故选A。3．Ourschoolhasalonghistoryandit_________in1907.A．built B．build C．wasbuilt D．isbuilt【答案】C【详解】句意：我们学校历史悠久，建于1907年。考查动词语态辨析。it是指ourschool，是动词build的受动者，需用“bedone”被动语态结构，可排除前两项。it是第三人称单数，由in1907可知系动词用was，故选C。4．Thesuperheroes,suchasSpider-ManandIronMan,______byStanLeewhenhewasalive.A．arecreated B．havebeencreated C．willbecreated D．werecreated【答案】D【详解】句意：像钢铁侠和蜘蛛侠的超级英雄是被斯坦·李在活着的时候创造的。考查被动语态。arecreated，被创造，一般现在时的被动语态；havebeencreated现在完成时的被动语态；willbecreated一般将来时的被动语态；werecreated一般过去时的被动语态。根据whenhewasalive.可知时态是一般过去时，主语Thesuperheroes与creat之间是被动关系。故选D。5．SunYang_________byhiscoachtotrainregularly.A．wasadvised B．advises C．advised D．beadvised【答案】A【详解】句意：孙杨的教练建议他定期训练。考查动词语态辨析。advise建议。根据byhiscoach可知，SunYang是动词advise的受动者，需用“bedone”被动语态结构，可排除BC两项。SunYang是单数第三人称，系词需用was，故选A。6．It'ssaidthattea___________toKoreaandJapanfromChinainthe6thand7thcenturies.A．brought B．isbrought C．wasbrought【答案】C【详解】句意：据说茶叶是在第六和第七世纪从中国带到韩国和日本的。考查一般过去时的被动语态。brought一般过去时；isbrought一般现在时的被动语态；wasbrought一般过去时的被动语态。本句是宾语从句，从句主语tea是单数第三人称，还是动词bring的受动者，需用被动语态，即be+过去分词结构。during6thand7thcenturies在第六和第七世纪，用于一般过去时，可知此句是一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。7．Whenhegothome,hesawhisdog_______onthefloorandabottleofwinewas_______onthetable.A．lied,lain B．lying,laid C．lay,lying【答案】B【详解】句意：当他到家时，他看见他的狗躺在地板上，桌上放着一瓶酒。考查非谓语动词及被动语态。由“hesawhisdog…onthefloor”可知，此处应为他到家时看到狗正躺在地板上，seesbdoingsth看到某人正做某事，故应用动词lie“平躺”的现在分词形式lying作宾语补足语；由“abottleofwinewas…onthetable”可知，此处应为一瓶酒被放在桌子上，故为被动语态，应用动词lay“放置”的过去分词形式laid。故选B。8．Thispairofshoes________Mom,andit________verycomfortable.A．wasmadewith;isfelt B．weremadefrom;isfeltC．weremadeby;feels D．wasmadeby;feels【答案】D【详解】句意：这双鞋是妈妈做的，穿起来很舒服。考查一般过去时的被动语态和动词的第三人称单数形式。bemadewith用……制作的/和……一起制作的；bemadefrom由……制成；bemadeby由某人制成的。thispa