2024年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编12七选五-科教科普类含解析

PAGE2024年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编（12）七选五-科教科普类1.Changingyourlifecancomeinsmall,easysteps.Youcantransformyourselfandliveabetterlifebymakingpositivechangesalongtheway.Herearesomechoicesthatwillleadtoyourtransformation.ChoosetochangebadhabitsSomebadhabitsseemtostickaroundwithoutusevenrealizingit.①__________

Youcanovercomethem,findbetteralternatives,andgetthroughyourstruggletobecomeabetteryou!Doitforyourselfmorethananything.ChoosetogrowIt’seasytogetstuckinafixedwayoflife.

②__________Inchoosingtogrow,youbuildcharacter,developyourstrengths,becomeawareofwhatneedsimprovement,andturnintothewell-roundedpersonyouneedtobetosucceed.ChoosetoseekabalancedlifeWheredoyouneedbalance?Areyouallwork,noplay?Ortheopposite?③__________

Ifyou’respendingtoomuchtimeworkingorlockedawayalone,findthetimeforsocialinteractionandhavingfun.Ifyouhaven’tcommittedtoascheduleinawhile,makethedecisiontostartfollowingone.④__________Thisisvitaltohumanexistence.Weneedthelovingbondscreatedbyfamilymembersandfriends.Personalrelationshipsarekeytoemotionalgrowthandsocialstability.ChoosetoliveyourpassionWhateveryourdreamis,youcanhaveit.Thepersonyouwishtobeandthethingsyouwishtoachievearewithinyou.Makethechoicetopursuethosepassionsatwhatevercost.Itmaymeanclearingoutyourscheduleordoingsomethingyou’veneverdone.⑤__________A.ChoosetospendtimewiththoseyouloveB.ChoosetoorganizeyourscheduleflexiblyC.Makethechoicetodaythatyouwon’tberuledbythem.D.Neitherextremewillleadyoutoapleasantlifeforverylong.E.However,withre-evaluationandgrowthcomesabeautifulfreedom.F.It’sgoodtochange,andyou’veonlygotsomanyyearstorefreshyourself.G.However,therewardfromsuccessandpersonalaccomplishmentwillbeworthit.2.依据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ADietWithoutEnoughProteinCanCauseDepressionDepressionisaconditionsocommon,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)callsit“aleadingcauseofdisability.”Difficultyinfallingasleep,lossofappetite,andlossofabilitytoconcentratearejustafewoftheothereffectsofdepression.WHOestimatesthatworldwide,atanyonetime,350millionpeoplesufferfromthecondition.Whilelifeeventssuchasthelossofaspouseorajobmaycreateahappeningofdepression,manycasescomefromwithinandarenotcausedbyalifeevent.Nowscientistsareworkingonanewaspectofcure:nutrition.①__________TheIndianJournalofPsychiartryreportsthatbothbeforeandduringahappeningofdepression,thosewiththeconditionwillshowa“poorappetite…”②__________Manycasesofdepression,ifnotmostcases,affectthosewhodon’teatproperly.Sowhatdoesproteinhavetodowithallthis?Itallcomesdowntoaminoacids(氨基酸).Proteinsaremadeupofaminoacids,chemicalsknownasthe“buildingblocksoflife.”Thereare20differentaminoacids.③__________Boththehumanbrainandnervoussystemuseaminoacidsasasubstancethatcreatesasignalfromonebraincelltoanotheroronenervecelltoanother,thusrelayinginformationbetweenthecells.Whatthefinalresultthen?④__________Sinceaminoacidsmakeupprotein,adietwhichlacksinproteinwillcauseweakercommunicationbetweenthebraincells.Thislessensthesignalbeingsentfromonebraincelltothenextduringathought.⑤__________Thisiswhydepressioncanoftenexpressitselfasangeroraggression.A.Theultimateeffectishowwethink.B.Don'truinyourappetitebyeatingbetweenmeals.C.Skippingmealsitselfcancreateadepressedmood.D.Anewresearchsuggeststhatnutritioncanlessensomeoftherisksofdepression.E.Indiaisperhapstheworld’sleaderinresearchingtheconnectionbetweendietanddepression.F.Manyofthemaremadebythehumanbody,butnineothers,the“essential”aminoacids,mustbeeateninone’sdiet.G.Theprocesscanleadtotwistedsignals,whichcannotonlyleadtodepression,butalso,accordingtomanyscientists,aggression.3.依据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Radarisanelectronicdevicethatdetectsplanes,ships,coastlines,landmarks,andevenstormclouds.Thenameradarcomesfromthefirstlettersofthewordsradiodirectionandranging.Asthehumaneyeuseslightwavestosee,radar“sees”withradiowaves.Withoutradar,planescouldnotlandsafelyinbadweatherandshipscouldnotmovesafelyinthickfog.①__________Inthe1800sitwasdiscoveredthatradiowavescouldbereflectedfromobjects.Butscientistsdidnotmakegreatadvancesinradarresearchuntilthe1930s,whentheworldwasthreatenedbywar.②__________Ithasbeenusedwidelyinalmosteveryconflictsincethen.Echoesmakeitpossibleforradartowork.Whenabeamofradiowavesissentout,itstrikesonanobjectandreturnsanecho.Thisechoispickedupbyradarandrecordedonascreensimilartotelevisionscreen.Onthescreenanobserverseesaflash,orablip,thatshowsthedirectionanddistanceoftheobject.③__________Airportcontroltowersuseradartoguideplanesinforsafelandings.Almostalllargeshipsdependonradartopreventcollisionswithicebergsorotherships.④__________Weatherforecasters“see”thesize,direction,andspeedofstormsonradarscreens.Astronomerscanevenuseradartomeasureaccuratelythedistancetothemoon.Thus,thedevicehasgeneratedmajoradvancements.⑤__________

HugeradarantennashavebeeninstalledallovertheUnitedStates.Theyguardusagainstpossibleenemyattacks.Wehaveballistic—missiles(战略导弹)warningsystemsthatcanalertustoattackswhenmissilesaremorethan1,000milesaway.Otherradarsystemswarnusagainstenemyaircraftandevenspyingspacesatellites.A.Policetrackspeedersinradar-equippedcars.B.Thesemeasurementsarenowhighlyaccurate.C.Thedevicecanbeusedinawiderangeoffields.D.Itisthereforeespeciallyvaluabletoshippersandtravelers.E.DuringWorldWarIImanycountriesusedradareffectively.F.Todayradarisusedbycommercialairlinersandweatherforecasters.G.Strengtheningnationaldefenseisoneofradar’smostimportantfunctions.4.依据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Haveyoueverheardofaninsectcalledthecicada(蝉)?①______.Buttheyhaveaninterestinginternalclockthattellsthemwhentogoaboveground.Every17years,billionsofthenoisyBroodVcicadas(十七年蝉)willswarm(成群出现)tonortheasternpartsoftheUS,includingNewYork,OhioandPennsylvania.②______.ButthereareusuallyalotlessofthemcomparedtotheBroodVcicadas.③______.AccordingtoDiscoveryNews,theseinsectsstartedtheirlivesin1999.Andastheir17-yearlifecyclecomestoanend,theygoabovegroundwhentheirundergroundhomesgetwarmer64degreesFahrenheit(about18℃)tobeexact.Thenthefemaleswilllayhundredsofeggsintrees,andafteraboutfourtosixweeks,themotherandfathercicadaswilldie.④______.Whiletheycanbekindofannoying,theseinsectsdon’tharmhumans,buttheydomakealotofnoiseduringtheirtimeaboveground.⑤______.However,sincetherearesomanyofthe17-yearcicadas,theamountoflaideggscansometimesharmsmalltreesandbushes.Butafterthissummer,theseinsectswillmostlymindtheirownbusinessuntil2033.A.Thatsoundisthemalecicadasattractingthefemalecicadas.B.Thecicadainsectsarecommoninsummer,especiallyinAugustandcanbefoundinJulyaswell.C.Thereareotherkindsofcicadasthatcomearoundonceayearorevery13years.D.Thebabycicadaswillgounderground,andthe17-yearcyclewillstartoveragain.E.Asamatteroffact,peopleliketoeattheminsomecultures.F.Well,aspecialkindoftheseinsectsliveundergroundintheUSformostoftheirlives.G.ThisiswhatmakesBroodVcicadassospecial.5.依据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Anobviousreasonforlearninganewlanguageistobeabletocommunicatewiththepeoplewhospeakit.①

______Peopleineverycountrypreferitwhentouristsmakeanefforttospeakthelocallanguage,evenifallyoucansayinitis“hello”and“please”.CulturalunderstandingSpeakinganewlanguagehelpsyoutogettoknowanotherpeopleandculture,aslanguageandculturegohandinhand.②______

Itshowsnewwaysoflookingattheworld.Inaddition,whenyouspeakanotherlanguage,youcanenjoyliterature,film,andmusicintheoriginallanguage.Itisextremelydifficultforatranslationtobeaperfectreplica(复制品)oftheoriginal.③______.Businessandcareers④______Schoolsandemployerstendtoprefercandidateswhospeakoneormoreforeignlanguages.EventhoughEnglishiswidelyspokeninmuchoftheworld,thefactisthattheglobaleconomydependsoncommunication.WhendealingwithFrance,forexample,someonewhospeaksFrenchwillhaveanobviousadvantageoversomeonewhodoesn’t.LanguageimprovementLearninganotherlanguagecanhelpyoutounderstandyourown.ManylanguageshavecontributedtothedevelopmentofEnglish.⑤______Also,inlearninghowanotherlanguagediffersfromyourown,youwillincreaseyourunderstandingofyourownlanguage.Formanypeople,languageisinnate(与生俱来的)—weknowhowtosaysomething,butwedon’tnecessarilyknowwhywesayitthatway.Learninganotherlanguagecanchangethat.A.Languageishelpfulinmakingforeignfriends.B.Thebestwayistoreadwhattheauthoractuallywrote.C.Learninganotherlanguageopensone’smindtonewideas.D.Yourtripwillbecomfortableifyouspeakthelocallanguage.E.Speakingmorethanonelanguagewillincreaseyourmarketability.F.Itistruethatmasteringanotherforeignlanguageisverybeneficial.G.Learningthosewillteachyouwherewordsandevengrammaticalstructuresarefrom.6.依据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatisyourfavoritecolor?Doyoulikeyellow,orange,red?①__________Doyouprefergraysandblues?Thenyouareprobablyquiet,shy,andyouwouldratherfollowthanlead.Youtendtobepessimist.Atleast,thisiswhatpsychologiststellus,andtheyshouldknow,becausetheyhavebeenseriouslystudyingthemeaningofcolorpreference,aswellastheeffectthatcolorshaveonhumanbeings.

②__________Ifyouhappentolovebrown,youdidso,assoonasyouopenedyoureyes,oratleastassoonasyoucouldseeclearly.

③__________Ayellowroommakesmostpeoplefeelmorecheerfulandmorerelaxedthanadarkgreenone;andareddressbringswarmthandcheertothesaddestwinterday.④__________AblackbridgeovertheThamesRiver,nearLondon,usedtobethesceneofmoresuicidesthananyotherbridgeintheareauntilitwasrepaintedgreen.Thenumberofsuicideattemptsimmediatelyfellsharply.Perhapsitwouldhavefallenevenmoreifthebridgehadbeendoneinpinkorbabyblue.⑤__________Itisanestablishedfactthatfactoryworkersworkbetter,harder,andhavefeweraccidentswhentheirmachinesarepaintedorangeratherthanblackorgray.A.Ontheotherhand,blackisdepressing.B.Theroomsarepaintedindifferentcoloursasyoulike.C.Lifeislikeapictureorapoem,fullofdifferentcolours.D.Coloursdoinfluenceourmoods一thereisnodoubtaboutit.E.Lightandbrightcoloursmakepeoplehappier,moreactiveandmoreproductive.F.Ifyoudo,youmustbeanoptimist,aleader,oranactivepersonwhoenjoyslifeandexcitement.G.Theytellusthatwedon’tchooseourfavouritecolouraswegrowup—wearebomwithourpreference.7.依据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。并将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上,选项中有两项为多余选项。Ambitiousstudentsworkhardtoexcelandstayonthetopbyputtingincountlesshoursofstudies,whichincludefrequentlatenights,endlesscrammingandrevisionsessions.①_______Notvery.Studiesshowthatastudentwhostudiesforanhourandtakesaten-minutebreakattheendofthesessionremembersmoreofwhatislearnedthroughoutthesession,thanastudentwhocontinuesstudyingwithouttakingabreak.②_______Hereisalistofsome.

●RelaxestheMind③_______Studyingforlonghoursatastretchcreatesaninformationoverload,andbringsaboutrestlessnessandtiredness.Ashortteabreakattheendofa45-minutestudysessionrefreshesyoursenses,energizesyou,andgetsyoubackintherightframeofmind,readytotakeonthenexttaskintheschedule.●ImprovesConcentrationLevelsThepurposeofastudysessionistostudyasmuchaspossibleandremembermostofwhathasbeenlearnedinit.④_______Itishighlylikelythatlonghoursofstudyingcanbecomemonotonous(单调的)andcauseyoutobelievethatyouare‘learning’,whenyouareonlyjust‘reading’.Ashortbreakeasesoutyourstressedmind,bringsyoubackontrack,andallowsyoutostartstudyingwithnew-foundfocuslevels.●​ImprovesInformationRetention(保留)Learningcontinuouslyreducestheabilitytorememberinformation.⑤_______AccordingtoThePrimaryandRecencyEffects,memoryimprovesjustbeforeandimmediatelyafteryoutakeabreak.Therefore,studysessionsofashortertimespanprovemorebeneficial.A.Whaturgedthemtodoso?B.Howproductiveisthispractice?C.Thebestsolutionistotakeashortbreakevery30to60minutes.D.Manypeoplewanttofindoutwhytakingbreakswhilestudyingisessential.E.Tobeabletoachievethis,itisabsolutelynecessarytocontinuouslystayfocused.F.Takingbreakswhilestudyingcontributestobetterlearninginanumberofways.G.Aclearheadandrefreshedmindcanspeedupandenhancetheprocessoflearning.答案以及解析1.答案：

1.C

2.E

3.D

4.A

5.G

解析：1.上文提示“一些坏习惯好像在我们没有意识到的状况下依旧存在。”再依据下文提示“你可以克服它们,找到更好的选择,并通过你的奋斗来成为一个更好的你!”承接上下文,C项Makethechoicetodaythatyouwon’tberuledbythem.(今日就做出选择吧,你将不会被他们所统治。)切题。故选C。2.上文提示“人们很简单陷入固定的生活方式中。”再依据下文提示“在选择成长的过程中,你塑造性格,培育自己的特长,意识到须要改进的地方,并成为你胜利的全面发展的人。”承接上下文,E项However,withre-evaluationandgrowthcomesabeautifulfreedom.(然而,重新评价和成长带来了漂亮的自由。)切题。该项中的growth与下文的grow相吻合。故选E。3.上文提示“你在哪里须要平衡?你们都在工作,不玩耍吗?还是相反?”下文提示“假如你花太多的时间在工作或独自呆着,那就找时间进行社交互动和消遣。”承接上下文,D项Neitherextremewillleadyoutoapleasantlifeforverylong.(这两种极端都不会让你在很长一段时间里过着开心的生活。)切题。该项中的this指的就是上文所提示的内容。故选D。4.此处是一个小标题,依据上下标题可知答案在A/B中选择。本段内容提示“这对人类的生存至关重要。我们须要家庭成员和挚友建立的爱的纽带。”由此推知,A项Choosetospendtimewiththoseyoulove(选择花时间和你爱的人在一起)。Love是关键词,故选A。5.上文提示“无论付出什么代价,都要选择去追求那些激情。这可能意味着你要清空你的日程表,或者做一些你从未做过的事情。”承接上文,G项However,therewardfromsuccessandpersonalaccomplishmentwillbeworthit.(然而,胜利和个人成就的回报是值得的。)切题。该项中的thereward和beworth与上文中的whatevercost构成一种转折关系,故答案为G。2.答案：

1.E

2.C

3.F

4.A

5.G

解析：1.前一句提到:科学家们正在致力于治疗抑郁症的一种方法:养分。下一句提到了印度精神病学杂志的报告。该空位于中间,选项中和前后句都有联系的只有E选项:在探讨饮食和抑郁症之间的联系方面,印度或许是世界上领先的国家。故选E。2.前一句提到:《印度精神病学杂志》报道,在抑郁症发生之前和期间,有这种状况的人将显示出一个“食欲减退……”后一句提到:很多抑郁症的病例,假如不是大多数的话,都会影响那些没有适当饮食的人。选项中只有C选项提到不当饮食:不吃饭本身就会造成抑郁心情。3.前一句提到:有20种不同的氨基酸。该空承接上文,应当提到和氨基酸有关的话题,故F选项切题:其中很多(氨基酸)是由人体制造的,但另外九种,即“必需的”氨基酸,必需在饮食中食用。4.上文提到:人类大脑和神经系统都运用氨基酸作为一种物质,从一个脑细胞向另一个脑细胞或从一个神经细胞向另一个神经细胞发出信号,从而在细胞之间传递信息。最终的结果是什么?那么该句应当回答这个问题,提到最终的结果。故A选项正确:最终的效果是我们的思索方式。5.上文提到:由于氨基酸构成了蛋白质,缺乏蛋白质的饮食会导致脑细胞间的沟通减弱。这削减了思索过程中从一个脑细胞发送到另一个脑细胞的信号。G选项正确:这一过程可能导致信号扭曲,这不仅可能导致抑郁,而且,依据很多科学家的说法,攻击性。这就是为什么抑郁经常表现为生气或侵略。3.答案：

1.D

2.E

3.B

4.A

5.G

解析：1.D【解析】依据语境可知,没有雷达,飞机不能在坏天气中平安着陆,轮船不能在浓雾中平安航行,因此它对于船运公司和旅行者来说特殊重要,故选D。2.E【解析】依据空前一句可知,科学家直到20世纪30年头才在雷达技术上有了重大进展,再依据后句"自那之后雷达被广泛用于几乎全部冲突中",故E项"在二战中很多国家有效地运用了雷达"符合语境,故选E。3.B【解析】依据空前一句可知,在屏幕上视察者会看到一束光,这表明白物体的方向和距离。故空处应当是对测量结果的评价,说明测量的结果是高度精确的。故选B。4.A【解析】此段主要介绍了雷达在不同领域的应用。空处前后都是举例,所以A项举警察驾驶装备有雷达的汽车追踪违章超速者的例子符合语境,故选A。5.G【解析】本空是本段的主旨句。依据下文内容可知,本段主要讲了雷达也可用于国防领域。故选G。4.答案：

1.客观填空F

2.客观填空C

3.客观填空G

4.客观填空D

5.客观填空A

解析：【文章大意】本文主要是介绍十七年蝉这个特别特殊的物种。每17年,数十亿只吵闹的十七年蝉就会蜂拥到美国东北部,包括纽约、俄亥俄和宾夕法尼亚州。1.【答案】F【解析】考查语意逻辑关系。依据后一句中But可知,空格处与后一句意思是转折关系,而后一句中的一些关键词goaboveground.(回到地面上)正好对应F项中的关键词liveunderground(生活在地底下),形成转折关系,故选F。2.【答案】C【解析】考查语意逻辑关系。依据后一句ButthereareusuallyalotlessofthemcomparedtotheBroodVcicadas.(但与孵卵的蝉相比,它们的数量通常要少得多。)可知,前面空格里会提到其他的物种来跟十七年蝉进行对比,而C项中正好有13年蝉,故选C。3.【答案】G【解析】考查语意逻辑关系。本段讲解并描述十七年蝉别出心裁之处。故G项“这就是使十七年蝉如此特殊的缘由”概括本段内容。4.【答案】D【解析】考查语意逻辑关系。依据前面几句的描述可知,母蝉会在树上产卵,几周之后,蝉爸爸和蝉妈妈会死去,因此后面就会接上蝉宝宝,D项中说的蝉宝宝就会回到地下生活17年,17年的轮回就周而复始,故选D。5.【答案】A【解析】考查语意逻辑关系。依据前一句中提到的关键词alotofnoise(很多噪音)可知,A项中是对这种吵闹声的一个说明,是公蝉来吸引母蝉的,故选A。5.答案：

1.D

2.C

3.B

4.E

5.G

解析：1.【答案】D【解析】依据下文中的Peopleineverycountrypreferitwhentouristsmakeanefforttospeakthelocallanguage,evenifallyoucansayinitis“hello”and“please”,可知应选D项,Yourtrip与tourists相呼应。2.【答案】C【解析】依据段落开头的Speakinganewlanguagehelpsyoutogettoknowanotherpeopleandculture可知,学习另一种语言能够开阔眼界。3.【答案】B【解析】依据上文中的Itisextremelydifficultforatranslationtobeaperfect