2024-2025学年湖南省名校联合体高三上学期开学摸底英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省名校联合体2024-2025学年高三上学期开学摸底英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.〖答案〗是C。1.Whereisthemanfrom?A.Russia.B.France.C.Australia.2.WhatdoweknowaboutMike?A.Hewillnotgotothemeeting.B.Heispreparingforthemeeting.C.Hewillbeinvitedtothemeeting.3.Wherearethetwospeakers?A.InSouthStreet.B.InWestStreet.C.Attherailwaystation.4.Howdoesthewomanfeel?A.Unhappy B.Unlucky. C.Uncomfortable.5.WhoisSue?A.Theman’swife.B.Theman’ssister.C.Theman’sdaughter.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatnewshasthemangot?A.Hisbusinessisgood.B.Hisarticleispublished.C.Heisreportedinthepaper.7.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodofortheman?A.Makehimfamous.B.Getthepaperforhim.C.Helphimwithhisbusiness听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Interviewingtheman.B.Havingadiscussionwiththeman.C.CelebratingChristmaswiththeman.9.WhatdoesthemandoatChristmas?A.Giveagifttosomeonesecretly.B.Gotosomeone’shousetogetagift.C.Knockatsomeone’sdoorandthenhide.10.WherecantheChristmasgiftbefound?A.Inthecar.B.Atthedoor.C.Insidethehouse.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatdoesthewomanwanttheboytodofirst?A.Playoutside.B.Finishhishomework.C.Dosomecleaning.12.Whichisoneofthethingstheboywilldo?APullingweeds.B.Wipingthewalls.C.Cleaningthebathroom.13.Wherewillthewomanbewhiletheboydoeshiswork?A.Intheyard.B.Inthebedroom.C.Inthelivingroom.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatarethetwospeakersdoing?A.GoingtoapartyB.Preparingforaparty.C.Talkingaboutgivingaparty.15.Whydoesthemanhavetogiveaparty?A.Hehastothankhisteachers.B.Hehasboughtanewhouse.C.Hehastopleasethewoman.16.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthetimefortheparty?A.It’stoolate.B.It’stoosoon.C.It’sstillearly.17.Whatdoesthewomanreallymeanattheendoftheconversation?A.Sheregretshavingboughtasmallhouse.B.Shehastofindabiggerhousefortheparty.C.Themanshouldn’thaveinvitedsomanypeople.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.HowlongisitsinceWalnutHillSchoolwassetup?A.Morethan10years.B.Morethan50years.C.Morethan100years.19.WhomisWalnutHillSchoolopento?A.Studentsfromallovertheworld.B.CollegestudentsintheUnitedStates.C.Famousartisfromallovertheworld.20.WhatdoesthespeakermeanbyspeakingofMarkTwain?A.ArtistsatWalnutHillworkveryhardB.MarkTwainisagoodexampleforartists.C.YoucanmakegreatprogressatWalnutHill.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AASelectionofMuscgmsandAttractionsinWashingtonDCTheTidalBasinThebasin,partoftheWestPotomacPark,issurroundedbyapaththat’sperfectforwalking,runningorcycling.ThememorialstoThomasJeffersonandMartinLutherKingJunioraretwohighlightssurroundingthelake.ItisthelocationmostassociatedwithWashington’sCherryBlossom(樱花)Festivalthattakesplaceeachspring.NationalMuseumofAfricanAmericanHistoryandCultureThemuseumopenedinlate2016aftermorethanadecadeofplanning.ItisdedicatedtoAfricanAmericanhistoryandcultureandisorganizedlikeaverticaltimeline,startingwiththeAtlanticslavetradeonthe1400sandmovinguptothe21stcentury.HigherupareexhibitionsonAfricanAmericanmusic,theatreandart.It’sapowerfulexperienceandalsoverypopular:you’llhavetoapplyforatimedtickettoenter.TheNewseumFurtheralongPennsylvaniaAvenueistheNewseum,lovedforthe800newspaperfrontpagesfromaroundtheworldthatarehungoutsideeverymorning.Inside,therearemovingexhibitsshowinghowimportanthistoricaleventshavebeenreported,suchastheSeptember11attacks.Alongsidenewspaperpagesfromthedayaftertheattacks,there’savideoexhibithighlightingtheworkofjournalistsreportingontheTwinTowersfalling.Amustifyou’reinterestedinjournalism.NationalGalleryofArtTheartgalleryisanimpressivespace:twobuildings,linked’underground,andasculpturegardennextdoor.Insidethelight-filedEastBuildingthere’smodernart,includingaroomfulofJacksonPollock’smurals(壁),AndyWarhol’sGreenMarilynandRoyLichtenstein’sLookMickey.TheclassicalWestBuildingtendstohouseolderartwork:theEuropeanimpressonistsandItalianRenaissanceart(fromartistsincludingDaVinciandRaphael)aretwohighlights.1.Whichofthefollowingrequiresreservingaticketinadvance?A.TheNewseum.B.TheTidalBasin.C.NationalGalleryofArt.D.NationalMuseumofAfricanAmericanHistoryandCulture2.WhatcanvisitorsdoattheNewseum?A.Learnaboutthestoriesaboutnews.B.Learnhowtoreportimportantevents.C.Talkwithjournalistsaboutthe9/11attacks.D.Read800recentlypublishednewspapers.3.WhyisGreenMarilynexhibitedintheEastBuilding?A.It’sapaintingofmodernart.B.Itisapaintingoftraditionalart.C.Itisapaintingbyafamousartist.D.Itisapricelesspaintingofthegallery.〖答案〗1.D2.A3.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了华盛顿DC的一些博物馆和景点，包括潮汐盆地、非洲美洲历史文化博物馆、新闻博物馆和国家艺术画廊等。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It’sapowerfulexperienceandalsoverypopular:you’llhavetoapplyforatimedtickettoenter.”（这是一次强烈的体验，也非常受欢迎：你必须申请一个定时的票才能进入。）可知，需要提前预订票的是非洲美洲历史文化博物馆。故选D。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Inside,therearemovingexhibitsshowinghowimportanthistoricaleventshavebeenreported,suchastheSeptember11attacks.”（里面有一些动人的展览，展示了重要的历史事件是如何被报道的，比如9月11日的袭击。）可知，新闻博物馆的参观者可以了解新闻的故事。故选A。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Insidethelight-filedEastBuildingthere’smodernart,includingaroomfulofJacksonPollock’smurals(壁),AndyWarhol’sGreenMarilynandRoyLichtenstein’sLookMickey.”（在光线充足的东楼里，有现代艺术，包括杰克逊·波洛克的一屋子壁画，安迪·沃霍尔的绿色玛丽莲和罗伊·利希滕斯坦的看米奇。）可知，绿色玛丽莲是现代艺术的一部分，所以在东楼展出。故选A。BBike-sharesystemsholdthepotentialtoreducetrafficandpollutioninbigcities.Whiletheyhavereceivedconsiderableattention,theirpromiseofurbantransformationisfarfrombeing-fullyrealized.NewresearchinthejournalManagementSciencefoundakeyreasonisthatwhilecompanieshavefocusedonbikedesignandtechnologyaspects,therehasbeenminimalresearchdoneonoperationalaspectssuchasstationdensity(密度)andbike-availabilitylevels.“Almost80%ofbike-shareusagecomesfromareaswithin1,000feetofthebike-sharestations,orroughlyfourcityblocks,”saidElenaBelavina,oneofthestudyauthors.“Anythingpast1,000feet,potentialusersarealmost60%lesslikelytouseastation.”Thestudy,“Bike-ShareSystems:AccessibilityandAvailability”,analyzestherelationshipbetweenridershipandoperationalperformanceinbike-sharedesignsystemstoachievehigherridership.UsingdatafromtheVelib’systeminParis,withroughly17,000bikesand950stations,thestudyestimatestheimpactsoftwoaspectsofthesystemperformanceonbike-shareridership:accessibility,orhowfartheusermustwalktoreachstations,andbikeavailability.Therearetwoimpactsofavailability:First,ashort-termimpactisthatifnearbystationsdonothavebicycleswhenauserwantstotakeatrip,usersmustgotostationsfartherawayorabandonusingbike-share.Second,ifuserstypicallyexpectalowerchanceoffindingabicycle,theyarelesslikelytoevenconsiderbikesharefortheirtripsandthesystemwillhavelowerridershipinthelongterm.“Mostuserschoosetoabandonusingbike-share.”saidBelavina.“Butoverall,wefindthata10%increaseinbikeavailabilitywouldincreaseridershipbymorethan12%.”Betweenincreasingbike-availabilityanddecreasingwalkingdistance,thestudyfindsthatthelatterhasahigherimpact.Bike-shareoperatorswithlimitedresourcesmustprioritizebuildingmorestationsclosetoriders.Whereshouldthosestationsgo?Theauthorsrecommendlocationswheretherearemanypointsofinterestandlocationswithlowerbikeavailability.4.Whatcanbedonetomakebike-sharesystemsplayabiggerroleinurbantransformations?A.Reducingtrafficandpollution.B.Makingstationsmoreadvanced.C.Puttingmorethoughtintooperations.D.Makingimprovementsinbikedesign.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“availability”inparagraph6referto?A.Thenumberofnearbystations.B.Thenecessityofgoingforbikesharing.C.Thelikelihoodoffindingabikeatastation.D.Thewalkingdistancebetweenthestations6.Accordingtothestudywhatisthemostimportantthingtodotoachievehigherridership?A.Shorteningthebiketrips. B.Reducingthewalkingdistance.C.Increasingthenumberofbikes. D.Attractingriderstopointsofinterest.7.Whatdoesthetextfocuson?A.Howtousethebike-sharesystems. B.Howtomakefulluseofbike-share.C.Howtoraisetheawarenessofbike-share. D.Howtoestimatetheimpactsofbike-share.〖答案〗4.C5.C6.B7.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了共享单车系统在城市转型中的作用及其存在的问题，并提出了改进措施。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“NewresearchinthejournalManagementSciencefoundakeyreasonisthatwhilecompanieshavefocusedonbikedesignandtechnologyaspects,therehasbeenminimalresearchdoneonoperationalaspectssuchasstationdensity(密度)andbike-availabilitylevels.(《管理科学》杂志的一项新研究发现，一个关键原因是，尽管公司一直关注自行车设计和技术的方面，但对运营方面的研究却微乎其微，比如车站密度和自行车的可用性水平。)”可知，要让共享单车系统在城市转型中发挥更大的作用，需要在运营方面投入更多的思考。故选C项。【5题详析】词义猜测题。根据文章第六段“Therearetwoimpactsof...:First,ashort-termimpactisthatifnearbystationsdonothavebicycleswhenauserwantstotakeatrip,usersmustgotostationsfartherawayorabandonusingbike-share.Second,ifuserstypicallyexpectalowerchanceoffindingabicycle,theyarelesslikelytoevenconsiderbikesharefortheirtripsandthesystemwillhavelowerridershipinthelongterm.(……有两个影响：首先，短期影响是，如果用户想要出行时附近的站点没有自行车，用户必须去更远的站点或者放弃使用共享单车。其次，如果用户通常预期找到自行车的几率较低，他们甚至不太可能考虑使用共享单车出行，长期来看，系统的使用率将会降低。)”可知，“availability”指的是在车站找到自行车的可能性。故选C项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第八段“Betweenincreasingbike-availabilityanddecreasingwalkingdistance,thestudyfindsthatthelatterhasahigherimpact.Bike-shareoperatorswithlimitedresourcesmustprioritizebuildingmorestationsclosetoriders.(在增加自行车的可用性和减少步行距离之间，研究发现后者有更大的影响。资源有限的共享单车运营商必须优先在靠近骑行者的地方建设更多的站点。)”可知，要实现更高的使用率，最重要的是减少步行距离。故选B项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Bike-sharesystemsholdthepotentialtoreducetrafficandpollutioninbigcities.Whiletheyhavereceivedconsiderableattention,theirpromiseofurbantransformationisfarfrombeing-fullyrealized.(共享单车系统有潜力减少大城市的交通和污染。虽然它们受到了相当大的关注，但它们对城市转型的承诺远未完全实现。)”、第六段“Therearetwoimpactsofavailability:First,ashort-termimpactisthatifnearbystationsdonothavebicycleswhenauserwantstotakeatrip,usersmustgotostationsfartherawayorabandonusingbike-share.Second,ifuserstypicallyexpectalowerchanceoffindingabicycle,theyarelesslikelytoevenconsiderbikesharefortheirtripsandthesystemwillhavelowerridershipinthelongterm.(可用性有两个影响：首先，短期影响是，如果用户想要出行时附近的站点没有自行车，用户必须去更远的站点或者放弃使用共享单车。其次，如果用户通常预期找到自行车的几率较低，他们甚至不太可能考虑使用共享单车出行，长期来看，系统的使用率将会降低。)”以及最后一段“Whereshouldthosestationsgo?Theauthorsrecommendlocationswheretherearemanypointsofinterestandlocationswithlowerbikeavailability.(这些站点应该设在哪里？作者们建议设在有许多景点和自行车供应较少的地方)”可知，这篇文章主要关注的是如何充分利用共享单车。故选B项。CInsomepartsoftheworldpeoplearelikelytoplanforthefuture,whileinotherspeoplearemorelikelytoliveinthemoment.Insomesocietiespeopleprefermorepersonalspace;inotherstheyarecomfortablebeinginclosequartersinpublic.Thereareanumberoftheoriesaboutwhereculturaldifferencesbetweensocietiescomefrom.Inagrowingnumberofcases,researchershavefoundthathumancultureanbeshapedbykeyfeaturesoftheenvironmentsinwhichpeoplelive.Ecologyincludesbasicphysicalandsocialcharacteristicsoftheenvironment—suchfactorsashowrichaplaceisinresources,howcommoninfectious(传染性的)diseasesare,howheavilypopulatedaplaceis,andhowmuchthreatthereistohumansafety.Variablesliketemperatureandtheavailabilityofwatercanbekeyecologicalfeatures.Forover200societies,ourlabatArizonaStateUniversitygatheredcomprehensivedataonninekeyfeaturesofecology—suchasrainfall,temperature,infectiousdiseaseandnaturalresources—anddozensofaspectsofhumanculturalvariation—includingvalues,strengthofsocialnorms(社会规范),personality,motivationandinstitutionalcharacteristics.Withthisinformation,wecreatedtheEcoCulturalDataset.Usingthisdataset,wewereabletogeneratearangeofestimatesforjusthowmuchofhumanculturalvariationcanexplainedbyecology.Weranaseriesofstatisticalmodelslookingattherelationshipbetweenourecologicalvariablesandeachofthe66culturaloutcomeswetracked.Foreachoftheculturaloutcomes,wecalculatedtheaverageamountoftheculturaldiversityacrosssocietiesthatwasexplainedbythiscombinationofninedifferentecologicalfactors.Wefoundthatnearly20%ofculturalvariationwasexplainedbythecombinationoftheseecologicalfeatures.Importantly,ourstatisticalestimatestakeintoaccountcommonissuesincross-culturalresearch.Therewilllikelybeunmeasuredsimilaritiesbetweensocietieswithsharedhistoricalrootsandtraditions.Ecologyisn’ttheonlyreasonpeoplearoundtheworldthinkandbehavedifferently.Butourworksuggeststhat,atleastinpart,ourenvironmentsshapeourcultures.8.Whichbestexplainswhypeoplearecomfortablebeinginclosequartersinpublic?A.Theyarefriendlytoeachother. B.Theylikestayinginpublicplaces.C.Theyenjoyspendingtimewithothers. D.Theyliveinaplacewithcoldtemperatures.9.WhatdoweknowabouttheEcoCulturalDataset?A.It’sacombinationofhumansandnature. B.It’sacombinationofecologyandcultureC.It’sacomparisonbetweentheoryandpractice. D.It’sacomparisonbetweenecologyandculture.10.Whatdidtheauthorslabwanttofindout?A.Whereculturaldifferencescomefrom. B.Whetherecologicalfeaturesaffectculture.C.Howstrongtheecology-cultureconnectionis. D.Whyculturaldifferencesbetweensocietiesexist.11.Whatistheconclusionoftheauthor’sstudy?A.Sharedtraditionsleadtoculturalsimilarities.B.Thereareculturaldifferencesbetweensocieties.C.Culturesareshapedbytheenvironmentspeoplelivein.D.Culturaldifferencespartlycomefromecologicalfactors.〖答案〗8.D9.B10.C11.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了生态文化数据集表明了环境塑造了我们的文化。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Variablesliketemperatureandtheavailabilityofwatercanbekeyecologicalfeatures.(温度和水的可用性等变量可能是关键的生态特征)”以及最后一段“Butourworksuggeststhat,atleastinpart,ourenvironmentsshapeourcultures.(但我们的研究表明，至少在某种程度上，我们的环境塑造了我们的文化)”可知，生活在一个温度很低的地方最能解释为什么人们在公共场合会觉得近距离接触很舒服。故选D。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Forover200societies,ourlabatArizonaStateUniversitygatheredcomprehensivedataonninekeyfeaturesofecology—suchasrainfall,temperature,infectiousdiseaseandnaturalresources—anddozensofaspectsofhumanculturalvariation—includingvalues,strengthofsocialnorms(社会规范),personality,motivationandinstitutionalcharacteristics.Withthisinformation,wecreatedtheEcoCulturalDataset.(我们在亚利桑那州立大学的实验室收集了200多个社会的综合数据，涉及生态的九个关键特征——如降雨、温度、传染病和自然资源——以及人类文化差异的几十个方面——包括价值观、社会规范的强度、个性、动机和制度特征。有了这些信息，我们创建了生态文化数据集)”可知，生态文化数据集是生态和文化的结合。故选B。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Usingthisdataset,wewereabletogeneratearangeofestimatesforjusthowmuchofhumanculturalvariationcanexplainedbyecology.(利用这个数据集，我们能够对人类文化差异有多少可以用生态学来解释产生一系列的估计)”可知，作者的实验室想知道生态与文化的联系有多强。故选C。【11题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ecologyisn’ttheonlyreasonpeoplearoundtheworldthinkandbehavedifferently.Butourworksuggeststhat,atleastinpart,ourenvironmentsshapeourcultures.(生态并不是世界各地人们思维和行为不同的唯一原因。但我们的研究表明，至少在某种程度上，我们的环境塑造了我们的文化)”可知，作者的研究结论是文化差异部分来自生态因素。故选D。DHowoftenisyourmindquiet?Ifyou’reatypicalhumanbeing,theanswerisprobablyveryrarely.Formostofourdays,ourattentionisfocusedonexternalthings—thetasksofourjobs,TVprograms,orsocialmediainteractions.Inthemomentswhenourattentionisn’tfocusedexternally,it’susuallyfocusedonwhatiscalled“thought-chatter”—astreamofmentalassociationsconsistingofexpectationsofthefuture,memories,daydreams,andsoon.Butfromtimetotime,weallexperiencemomentswhenourthought-chatterquietsdown,orevendisappearsaltogether.Inthesemoments,weexperienceasenseofgreatwell-being.Wefeelasenseofinnerharmony.Wefeelasifwe’refreeofproblems,andfeelsatisfiedwithourlivesastheyare.Therearemanyactivitiesthathavetheeffectofquietingourminds,andsoproduceastateofwell-being.Forexample,thinkaboutwhathappenswhenyou-gowalkinginthecountryside.Youmightfeelstressedwhenyoustartout,butslowly,after-acoupleofmiles,yourmindbeginstosettledown.Thebeautyandstillnessofnatureattractsyourattentionandyou’renolongerinyourthought-chatter.Bytheendofthewalkyoufeelalmostlikeadifferentperson.Youfeelmorealive,andmuchhappier—largelybecauseyourmindisnowquiet.Thisiswhypeoplelovetolookatbeautifulworksofart.WhenpeopleseethepaintingsofMonetorvanGogh,theyexperienceamind-stoppingmoment,inwhichthey’retakenoutoftheirthinkingmindsandexperienceasenseofgreatwell-being.Thestrangethingis,though,thatmostofthetimethishappensunconsciously(不知不觉地).Weusuallydon’tassociatethiswell-beingwithaquietmind.Andweusuallydon’tthinkofaquietmindastheaimorresultoftheseactivities.Ourestimateofhowenjoyableanactivityismaydependonitsmind-stoppingcapacity.Inotherwords,theverybestperformances—andthemostrewardingactivities—arethosewhicharesoattractiveandintensethattheycancompletelystopourminds.I’mnotsayingthatinnerquietnessistheonlyreasonwhyweenjoytheseactivities.Nevertheless,weshouldcertainlybecomemoreawareoftheassociationofaquietmindwithwell-being.Andatthesametimeweshouldbeawarethatit’spossibleforustoconsciouslyanddirectlycreateaquietmind;ratherthanasabyproductofcertainactivities.Andintheendwemightdevelopapermanentquietmindandattainastateofongoingcontentmentandharmony.12.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthought-chatter?A.Itrequiresalotofpractice.B.Itmightbeunpleasantattimes.C.Itmightbeatalkwithafriend.D.Ithelpsreachastateofsilence.13.Whataretheexamplesofactivitiesmentionedinthetextmainlyabout?A.Whatactivitiesleadtowell-being.B.Whatcanbedonetoreducestress.C.Howwecanmakeourmindsquiet.D.Howmentalquietnessleadstowell-being.14.Howcanwedeterminehowmuchpleasureanactivitycangiveus?A.Byjudginghowmuchstressitcanincrease.B.Byjudgingwhetherittakesplaceunconsciously.C.ByjudgingtowhatextentitcanquietourmindsD.Byjudgingwhetheritassociateswithwell-being.15.Whatdoestheauthorintendtohighlightinthelastparagraph?A.Creatingaquietmindforalltime.B.Livingapeacefullifepermanently.C.Beinginharmonywithinnerquietness.D.Participatinginactivitiesforinnerquietness.〖答案〗12.B13.D14.C15.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了内心宁静与心理健康的关系，指出通过欣赏艺术和在自然中行走等活动，可以使思维静止，带来幸福感和内心和谐，并提出有意识地创造宁静心境可以带来持久的满足感。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Butfromtimetotime,weallexperiencemomentswhenourthought-chatterquietsdown,orevendisappearsaltogether.Inthesemoments,weexperienceasenseofgreatwell-being.Wefeelasenseofinnerharmony.Wefeelasifwe’refreeofproblems,andfeelsatisfiedwithourlivesastheyare.(但时不时地，我们都会经历这样的时刻：我们的“思想闲聊”安静下来，甚至完全消失。在这些时刻，我们体验到一种巨大的幸福感。我们感受到内心的和谐。我们觉得好像没有问题了，对我们的生活感到满意。)”可知，“思想闲聊”停下来时人们会感到快乐，因此它的发生有时可能会令人不愉快。故选B。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Forexample,thinkaboutwhathappenswhenyou-gowalkinginthecountryside.Youmightfeelstressedwhenyoustartout,butslowly,after-acoupleofmiles,yourmindbeginstosettledown.Thebeautyandstillnessofnatureattractsyourattentionandyou’renolongerinyourthought-chatter.Bytheendofthewalkyoufeelalmostlikeadifferentperson.Youfeelmorealive,andmuchhappier—largelybecauseyourmindisnowquiet.(例如，想想当你在农村散步时会发生什么。刚开始的时候你可能会感到压力，但慢慢地，几英里后，你的头脑开始安定下来。大自然的美丽和宁静吸引了你的注意力，你不再“思想闲聊”。散步结束时，你几乎感觉自己变成了另一个人。你感觉更有活力，也更快乐——主要是因为你的头脑现在很安静。)

”可知，文中提到了在乡村散步和观看艺术作品等活动可以让心灵平静下来，并带来幸福感。因此，提到这些例子主要是为了说明心灵的平静是怎样带来幸福感的。故选D。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Ourestimateofhowenjoyableanactivityismaydependonitsmind-stoppingcapacity.Inotherwords,theverybestperformances—andthemostrewardingactivities—arethosewhicharesoattractiveandintensethattheycancompletelystopourminds.(我们对一项活动有多愉快的估计可能取决于它让人停止思考的能力。换句话说，最好的表现和最有回报的活动是那些非常有吸引力和激烈的，它们可以完全停止我们的思想。)”可知，那些可以完全让我们停止思考的活动被认为是非常愉快和有益的，因此，我们对一项活动的享受取决于它在多大程度上能让我们的头脑平静下来。故选C。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I’mnotsayingthatinnerquietnessistheonlyreasonwhyweenjoytheseactivities.Nevertheless,weshouldcertainlybecomemoreawareoftheassociationofaquietmindwithwell-being.Andatthesametimeweshouldbeawarethatit’spossibleforustoconsciouslyanddirectlycreateaquietmind;ratherthanasabyproductofcertainactivities.Andintheendwemightdevelopapermanentquietmindandattainastateofongoingcontentmentandharmony.(我并不是说内心的平静是我们喜欢这些活动的唯一原因。然而，我们当然应该更加意识到安静的头脑与幸福的联系。同时，我们应该意识到，我们有可能有意识地直接创造一个平静的头脑；而不是作为某些活动的副产品。最终，我们可能会发展出一种永久的平静心态，达到一种持续的满足与和谐的状态。)”可知，作者强调要更多地意识到安静的心灵和幸福之间的联系，要有意识地直接创造一个安静的头脑，潜在地带来持续的满足和和谐，而不仅仅是参与活动。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Tenyearsago,notmanyfamiliesintheUnitedStateswouldconsiderhomeschoolingaseriousoptionfortheirchildren.Therewerenegativefeelingsabouthomeschooling,especiallyamongschooleducators,whoconsidereditcrazyorirresponsible.Butthingshavechangednow.____16____Ashomeschoolingbecomesmorewidelypracticed,schoolcommunitiesarebecomingfarmoreacceptingandrecognizethatitcanmeetrealneeds.____17____Homeschoolingprovidescommunitylifethatisvaluabletochildren.Participatingincommunitylife,homeschooledchildrenrelatesociallywithawidevarietyofpeople.____18____Withoutsocialpressurefromage-separatedclassrooms,kidfeelmorecomfortableformingfriendships.____19____Weoftenhearparentsandkidstalkabouthowrelievedtheyfeelfrombeingfreedoftraditionalschoolingandnightlyhomework.Withindependentlearning,theyhavemoretimetotalkandlisten;moretimetospendinlibraries,museums,andconcerthalls;ortohike,ridebikes,read,orthink.Thesechangesarewhathappenswhenfamilylifeisdrivenbytheneedsoffamilies,ratherthantheneedsofinstitutions.Homeschoolingalsocreatesbetterlearningenvironmentsforchildrenwhohavebeenwronglyconsideredashavingallsortsofimaginary“learningproblems”inpublicandprivateschools.Theeducatorswantthechildrentobefixedsothattheywillfit;theparentscorrectlysensethattheirchildrenarefineandonlyneedsomethingdifferent:morespace,freedomtomove,asafeenvironment,orrespectfultreatmentfromothers.____20____A.Homeschoolinghelpschildrenlobroadentheirknowledge.B.Inhomeschoolingfamilies,lifeislikelytobelessstressful.C.Somepeoplechoosehomeschoolingforsocializationbenefits.D.Homeschoolingsuccessstoriesareoftenreportedinthemedia.E.Peoplecanseehoweasyitistogetalongwithhomeschooledkids.F.Forthesefamilies,homeschoolinghelpsachildbuildalifethatwoks.G.Thecombinationoftwokindsofschoolinghasagreateffectonachild.〖答案〗16.D17.C18.E19.B20.F【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了在家上学的益处。【16题详析】根据上文“Therewerenegativefeelingsabouthomeschooling,especiallyamongschooleducators,whoconsidereditcrazyorirresponsible.Butthingshavechangednow.”（人们对在家上学持消极态度，尤其是在学校教育工作者中，他们认为这是疯狂的或不负责任的。）根据下文“Ashomeschoolingbecomesmorewidelypracticed,schoolcommunitiesarebecomingfarmoreacceptingandrecognizethatitcanmeetrealneeds.”（随着在家上学的实践越来越广泛，学校社区越来越接受并认识到它可以满足实际需要。）可知，选项承接上下文说明在家上学受欢迎的具体表现。故D选项“媒体经常报道在家上学的成功故事”切题。故选D项。【17题详析】根据下文“Homeschoolingprovidescommunitylifethatisvaluabletochildren.Participatingincommunitylife,homeschooledchildrenrelatesociallywithawidevarietyofpeople.”（在家上学为孩子们提供了有价值的社区生活。在家上学的孩子参与社区生活，与各种各样的人建立社会关系。）可知，下文具体解释了在家上学有助于培养社交。所以选项承接下文与社交有关。故C选项“有些人选择在家上学是为了社交”切题。socializationbenefits呼应relatesociallywithawidevarietyofpeople。故选C项。【18题详析】根据下文“Withoutsocialpressurefromage-separatedclassrooms,kidfeelmorecomfortableformingfriendships.”（没有了不同年龄班级的社会压力，孩子们更容易建立友谊。）可知，选项承接下文说明在家学习使得与孩子相处更容易。easy呼应kidfeelmorecomfortableformingfriendship。故E选项“人们可以看到与在家上学的孩子相处是多么容易。”切题。故选E项。【19题详析】根据下文“Weoftenhearparentsandkidstalkabouthowrelievedtheyfeelfrombeingfreedoftraditionalschoolingandnightlyhomework.Withindependentlearning,theyhavemoretimetotalkandlisten;moretimetospendinlibraries,museums,andconcerthalls;ortohike,ridebikes,read,orthink.”（我们经常听到父母和孩子们谈论他们从传统的学校教育和夜间作业中解脱出来是多么的轻松。通过自主学习，他们有更多的时间说话和倾听;花更多的时间在图书馆、博物馆和音乐厅;或者去远足、骑自行车、读书或思考。）可知，本段主要在说在家上学减轻了家庭压力。故B选项“在家上学的家庭，生活压力可能会小一些”切题，为本段的标题。故选B项。【20题详析】根据上文“Homeschoolingalsocreatesbetterlearningenvironmentsforchildrenwhohavebeenwronglyconsideredashavingallsortsofimaginary“learningproblems”inpublicandprivateschools.Theeducatorswantthechildrentobefixedsothattheywillfit;theparentscorrectlysensethattheirchildrenarefineandonlyneedsomethingdifferent:morespace,freedomtomove,asafeenvironment,orrespectfultreatmentfromothers.”（在家上学也为那些在公立和私立学校被错误地认为有各种想象中的“学习问题”的孩子创造了更好的学习环境。教育者希望孩子们能够适应;父母正确地意识到他们的孩子很好，只是需要一些不同的东西:更多的空间，自由移动，安全的环境，或者尊重他人的对待。）可知，选项承接上文总结上文说明对孩子的重要意义。故F选项“对于这些家庭来说，在家上学可以帮助孩子建立一个有意义的生活。”故选F项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Mypassionhasalwaysbeencaringforanimals.That’swhyI____21____atBidcawee.Bideaweeisashelter(收容所)forcatsanddogs,wherealltheanimalsareequally____22____.Whetherthecatorthedogstaysforadayoryears,eachonehasaspecialplaceinmyheart.Mostoftheshelterdogsaresogentleandfriendlythattheycause