非谓语动词十大解题原则-学生版

非谓语动词非谓语动词主要包括todo,-ing和-ed三种形式，可是其用法非常广泛，它不仅是高考单项选择题测试的一个重点，而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容。为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法，老师在教学实践中总结出十条实用的解题原则，并且还用相关的题目来解释这些原则。根据这些原则，相信同学们可以轻松地应对非谓语动词。非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式与谓语动词动作同时或在其后进行式同时完成式之前现在分词/动名词一般式与谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生完成式先于谓语动词前过去分词与主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表动作已完成规律性非谓语动词试题的解题步骤（有提示词）高考中大部分的非谓语动词试题都属于规律性的试题，解答这种类型的题目时，我们需按照“找逻辑主语、判断关系、判断形式”三个步骤来解题，即“第一，找非谓语动词的逻辑主语；第二，判断逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间的逻辑关系，主动？被动？还是表示目的或者将来？第三，判断非谓语动词的形式。”注意：在语法填空中，首先要判断所给提示词在句中到底是做谓语还是非谓语。判定用非谓语动词形式的根本依据就是“句中已有谓语”，即，句子不缺谓语的情况下，所给提示词才能考虑用其非谓语动词形式。一、区分简单句与复合句，判断式谓语动词还是非谓语动词Thatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveidea,soIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,_____(close)mybookandwalkedaway.Wealsohavetoconsiderthefeelingoftheperson_______(receive)thegift.Althoughhehasbeentoldmanytimes,hestill(make)thesamemistake.Hewonthefirstprizeand(surprise)allofus.Withsomanypeople(communicate)inEnglisheveryday,itwillbecomemoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.Nowadays,almosteveryone_(realize)thatsmokingisharmfultopeople’shealth.There(be)nobus,Ihadtowalkhome.(spend)moretimeonyourstudy,andyouarelikelytomakebiggerprogress.(spend)moretimeonyourstudyisnecessaryforyoutomakeprogressinstudy.Hetotallydevotedhimselftosciencestudy,which(make)hisfamilyveryupset.Whattheshop(sell)nowattractsalotofcustomers.Thebeliefisthateveryone(depend)onthemselves,andthechoicetheymakeisofgreatimportance.非谓语动词在高考中的具体应用一、非谓语动词作状语的题型：1._________(see)fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.2.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,_________(cause)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.3._________(complete)theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.二、非谓语动词作定语的题型：1.Agreatnumberofstudents_________(question)saidtheywereforcedtopracticethepiano.2.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone_________(repair)firstisthelibrary.十大解题原则原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接，如果没有连词连接，则需要用非谓语动词例1._________manytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.A.Havingbeentold

B.Havingtold

C.Hehadbeentold

D.Thoughhehadbeentold例2．_________manytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.A.Havingbeentold

B.Havingtold

C.Hehadbeentold

D.Thoughhehadtold原则二、不及物动词无-ed形式非谓语动词，及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式，无宾语时用-ed形式例3.____________inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.Havinglost

B.Lost

C.Beinglost

D.Losing例4.__________,IreallybelievethatI’dprefernottomakeanychangenow.A.Consideredallthepossibilities

B.TakingallthepossibilitiesintoconsiderationC.Takenallthepossibilitiesintoconsideration

D.Givingallthepossibilities原则三、beingdone表示“正在被”，一般不作状语，只作定语。非谓语动词的完成时形式tohavedone或havingdone强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前例5.__toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.A.Fail

B.Failed

C.TofailD.Havingfailed例6.TimBemers-Leeisgenerallyconsidered_____theWorldWideWeb,onwhichalltheinformationissharedbyall.A.tohavefounded

B.havingfounded

C.founding

D.tofound原则四、非谓语动词作定语时，表示将来用-todo，表正在进行用-ing，表示已经完成用-ed例7.Theplay_____nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture．A．produced

B．beingproducedC．tobeproduced

D．havingbeenproduced例8.Thetrees_____inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.A.beingblowndown

B.blowndown

C.blowingdown

D.toblowdown原则五、介词后跟-ing形式，可以在-ing前加逻辑主语例9.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto______________.A.thethiefhavingbeencaught

B.thethieftobecaughtC.catchthethief

D.thethiefbeingcaught例10.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks____couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosed

B.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose原则六、-ing形式或todo可作主语或宾语，-ed形式则不可以例11.___________inaheavytrafficjamisquiteanunpleasantexperience.A.Caught

B.Havingcaught

C.Beingcaught

D.Tocatch例12___twiceayear,whetheritisacarorabusoratruck,istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity.A.Examining

B.Examined

C.Beingexamined

D.Havingbeenexamined原则七、be+-ed+介词结构常可把be去掉保留-ed+介词做状语例13Michael’snewhouseislikeahugepalace,______withhisoldone.A.comparing

B.compares

C.tocompare

D.compared例14_______withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.A.Toface

B.Havingfaced

C.Faced

D.Facing原则八、非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构例15．____twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechangedourdog.A.Beingbitten

B.Bitten

C.HavingbittenD.Tobebitten例16._______inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.A.Towalk.

B.Walking

C.Walked

D.Havingwalked例17.

Whilewatchingtelevision,__________.A.thedoorbellrang

B.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellring

D.weheardthedoorbellrings例18.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons____fortheday.A.finishing

B.finished

C.hadfinished

D.werefinished原则九、不定式做状语一般有两种：目的状语和出乎意料的结果状语（表示顺其自然的结果用-ing形式）。另外，某些形容词（表喜、怒、哀、乐）做表语后跟不定式可以表示原因例19．_____,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.A.Beingawinner

B.Tobeawinner

C.Beawinner

D.Havingbeenawinner例20.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_______thefilmstarshadleft.A.totell

B.tobetold

C.tellingD.told例21.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,________inthenaturallightduringtheday.A.tolet

B.letting

C.let

D.havinglet例22.HowgladIam___________you!A.seeing

B.tosee

C.saw

D.havingseen原则十、非谓语动词的否定原则是在非谓语动词前加not，有nottodo,notdoing,nothavingdone,nottohavedone几种形式例23______thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.A.Notrealized

B.Nottorealize

C.Notrealizing

D.Nottohaverealized例24.Whatworriedhimmostwas______tovisithissickchild.A.hisbeingnotallowed

B.hisnotbeingallowedC.hisnotallowing

D.havingnotbeenallowed例25.Sarahhasdecided________awayonholidaythissummer.A.don’tgo

B.tonotgo

C.notgoing

D.nottogo考点突破，真题演练单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1._____________(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.(全国)2.Eugene'sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It’snouse__________(argue)withhim.(上海)3.Pleaseremain_________(seat);thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.(辽宁)4.—CanIsmokehere?—Sorry.Wearen’tallow___________(smoke)here.(江苏)5.Itisdifficulttoimaginehis_______(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.(陕西)6.Ican’tstand_________(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses________(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.(北京)7.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed_____________(repair).(陕西)8.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried________(live)alone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.(湖南)9.—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted____________(nottake)hisadvice!(安徽)10.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways________(get)herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.(湖南)11.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks__________________(openandclose)couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.(全国)12.—Theyarequiet,aren’tthey?—Yes.Theyareaccustomedto_______(nottalk)atmeals.(江苏)13.Isn'tittimeyougotdownto________(mark)thepapers?(重庆)14.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto________(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.(上海)15.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto________(walk)intheflower-linedgarden.(上海)16.Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime________(pass)theexam.(福建)17.AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek________(watch)TV.(上海)18.Ibelievethat’sthebestwaytopreventsuchathingfrom_______(happen)again.(全国)19.Didyouhavetroublein________(find)thepostoffice?(全国)20.Sandycoulddonothingbut________(admit)tohisteacherthathewaswrong.(上海)21.Ismellsomething________(burn)inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?(全国)22.Don’tleavethewater________(run)whileyoubrushyourteeth.(天津)23.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire___________(burn)allnight.(全国)24.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_____________(carry)outthenextyear.(全国)25.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish___________(speak)asmuchaswecan.(江苏)26.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem____________(interest)inhislectures.(江苏)27.Energydrinksarenotallowed________(make)inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.(上海)28.Myadviserencouragedme________(take)asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.(北京)29.Myparentshavealwaysmademe________(feel)goodaboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.(江苏)30.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher________(grow)upfromchildhood.(全国)31.Themotherfeltherself________(grow)coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield.(上海)32.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade________(learn).Healwaysworkshard.(全国)33.—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork________(fill)mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.(福建)34.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork____________(finish),hegladlyacceptedit.(安徽)35.Withalotofdifficultproblems________(set),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(上海)36.Thedirectorhadherassistant______(pick)upsomehotdogsforthemeeting.(全国)37.—DidPeterfixthecomputerhimself?—Hehadit________(fix),becausehedoesn’tknowmuchaboutcomputers.(安徽)38.JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish________(improve)inashortperiod.(福建)39.Helenhadtoshouttomakeherself________(hear)abovethe