高中英语虚拟语气

TheSubjunctiveMoodGrammarTheSubjunctiveMoodI.概念:II.形式:

虚拟语气的动词形式在条件状语从句中,其主从句形式有较固定的形式要求(见III.用法1),在

名词性从句中多用should+原形,在定语从句,wish后面所接的宾语从句,以及其它状语从句

中用过去时.

语气是用来表示谈话人的态度和看法的动词形式.英语有三种语气:①陈述语气(同陈述句)②祈使语气(同祈使句),③虚拟语气.

虚拟语气不表示一个事实,而是表示一种假设情况.一、If虚拟条件句：虚拟语气动词形式

动词形式时间从句主句与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实可能相反动词过去式（be的过去式一般用were）wouldshould+动词原形couldmighthad+过去分词wouldshould+have+过去分词couldmight1.动词过去式2.should+动词原形3.wereto＋动词原形wouldshould+动词原形couldmight1.要是我上个学期努力学习英语的话，我就不会考试失败了。2.假如他今晚能回来的话，他也许会给你一些建议。IfI______________Englishhardlastterm,I______________________theexam.Ifhe_______________backthisevening,he_____________yousomeadvice.3.要是我是你，我明天就向老师道歉。IfI______you,I_______________totheteachertomorrow.需符合的条件：条件句的谓语动词有系动词were,助动词had或should，可将if省略，而把were，had，should移到主语前。if条件句的省略和倒装1.Were

Iyou,

Iwouldtryitagain.

2.

Had

hebeenthereyesterday,

hewouldhaveseenthefilm.3.

Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.请看下例：if条件句的倒装if溜，had,should,

were句首走。Practice:Fillintheblankswithproperforms:He_________(tell)youifhe______(know),I’msure.2.IfI____(have)moretime,I___________(learn)anotherforeignlanguage.3.Ifhe______(be)here,he__________(show)ushowtoperformtheexperiment.4.IfI______(be)you,I_________(pay)moreattentiontoEnglishidioms.5.I___________(help)youifI______(can).6.IfI____________(receive)youre-mail,I____________________(answer)itlongago.wouldtellknewhadwouldlearnwerewerecouldwouldshowwouldpaywouldhelphadreceivedwouldhaveanswered7.Ifyou___________(start)theworkearlier,you___________________(finish)itbynow.8.Ifwe__________(notrely)onourownstrengthwe________________(die)ofstarvation.9.IfI__________(know)youraddress,I____________________(write)toyouthen.10.IfI___________(notbe)busy,I____________(come)tohelp.11.Ifwe___________(start)outfiveminuteslater,we__________________(miss)thetrain.12.You_______________(meet)thefamousscientistifyou__________(come)yesterday.hadstartedwouldhavefinishedhadn’treliedwouldhavediedhadknownhadn’tbeenwouldhavemissedwouldwouldhavecomehadstartedhadcomewouldhavemethavewritten13.Ifhe_______________(be)heretomorrow,you___________(ask)himaboutityourself.14.We_________(be)verypleasedifyou______________(attend)thegatheringtonight.15.I___________(ask)himtoringyouupifI____________________________(see)him.16.Ifyou___________(canget)backnextweek,we_________(go)campingtogether.were/shouldbewerewouldaskcouldaskwouldbetoattendsaw/shouldsee/weretoseecouldgetwouldgo二、用于名词性从句中的虚拟语气

宾语从句主语从句表语从句同位语从句1)用于宾语从句中:在wish后用动词(情态动词)的过去时,进行时,如果与过去事实相反,动词用过去完成时:

eg.HowIwishIwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky!IwishIhadnotmadesomanymistakesinthelastexam.HowIwishitweren’trainingnow!(2)在wouldrather后用过去时:

eg.I’dratheryoucametomorrow.(3)在advise,demand,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest后用should+动词原形,should可以省略:

eg.Hesuggestedwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.

Weinsistedtheynotbepresentatsuchgathering.

Heorderedthatall(should)takepartinthework.

Theyrequestedthatwe(should)havelunchwiththem.但是:当suggest表示“暗示,表明”insist表示“坚持认为”时,不用虚拟语气:

eg.Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.2)用于主语从句中:(1)用在Itissuggested/requested/demandedordered/desired/proposed/advised/insisted

+that从句中,从句用

(should)+动词原形:

eg:It’ssuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.Itwasorderedthatthewoundedsoldiersbesenttothefieldhospitalatonce.(2)用在Itisnecessary/important/strange/odd/natural/surprising/essential/best/appropriate/shocking/sad/regrettable/apity/ashame/nowonder/hasbeendecided/+

that从句中,从句用

(should)+动词原形

:

eg:Itisnecessarythatthecustomsofallnationalminoritiesberespected.Itisstrangethatheshouldhavesaidso.It’sapitythatIshoulddoitagain.Itisagreatpitythatheshouldbesocareless.ItisnotsurprisingthatAlfredshouldhavemarriedAmy.

但(2)部分也可不用虚拟语气:

eg:Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.Itisstrangethathedidn’tcomeyesterday.3)用于表语从句中:(1)在advice,demand,order,proposal,request,suggestion等后面的表语从句中:eg.Myadviceisthathewaittillnextweek.Hersuggestionisthatweshouldlearnallthetextsbyheart.Thegeneral’sorderwasthatallthesoldiersreachtheborderintenhours.(2)当asif,asthough引导表语从句时:eg.Helooksasifhewereanartist.Theyappearasthoughtheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.4)用于同位语从句中:

在advice,demand,order,proposal,request,suggestion等后面的同位语从句中,如:Eg.WeallagreetohissuggestionthatwegototheHappyValleyforanouting.

Ordercamethatthesoldiersbesenttotheborder.Hereisthedoctor’sadvicethatyoushouldtakethemedicine4timesaday.三、

用于定语从句中:

在Itis(high)timethat句型中,定语从句的谓语动词用过去时,或should+动词原形(should不能省略):eg.Itis(high)timethatyouwenttoschool.It’stimeyoudidsomethingaboutit.Itis(high)timethatweshouldstartout.四、用于其它状语从句中:1)当asif,asthough,evenif,eventhough引导

状语从句时,从句用动词的过去时.如:ShespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifshehadstudiedEnglishinAmerica.

Itwasthefirsttimetheyhadmet,buttheyactedasthoughtheyhadbeenfriendsforages.Evenifhewerehere,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.Iwouldn’tgotoIraqtotrymyluckeventhoughitwereeasytomakemoneythere.此类情况也可不用虚拟语气,如:

eg.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.I’llhelpyou,asthoughldon’tsleepforanight.EvenifIhavetowalkalltheway,I’llgetthere.Ilikehereventhoughshecanbeannoyingsometimes.2)当incase,lest,forfearthat等引导状语从句时,

从句用(should+)原形动词.如:eg.Bequietincaseyoushouldwakethebaby.Ishallringyouuplestyou(should)forgettocome.Itookanumbrellaalongwithmeforfearthatitshould/mightrain.

在此类情况中,incase引导状语从句也可不用虚拟语气,如:eg.Takeyourumbrella,incaseitrains.5.用于ifonly引导的感叹句中,如:

eg.IfonlyIwereabird!IfonlyIhadknownhertelephonenumber/e-mailaddress!

IfonlyIhadn’tlostit!Ifonlytheletterhadarrivedintime!6.May+动词原形，表示祝愿.如:

Maythefriendshipbetweenourtwopeopleslastforever!Mayyousucceed!Maytheplanwork!Revision:

Thesubjunctivemood虚拟语气1.与现在情况相反的假设

Ifeveryoneknewfirstaid,manyliveswouldbesaved.(If)did,woulddo(should/could/might)IfI______(be)you,Iwouldgotothecinematonight.Ifyousawthefilm,you__________(be)veryexcited.Ifthey________(come),wecouldgotheretogether.Ifwe_______(go)together,wewouldhaveagoodtime.IfI_______(have)enoughmoney,Icouldbuyanewhouse.werewouldbecamewenthad

2.与过去情况相反的假设1)Ifthehurricanehadhappenedduringtheday-time,therewouldhavebeenmoredeaths.2)Ifyouhadstudiedhard,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.(If)haddone,wouldhavedone(should/could/might)Ifyou__________(come)earlier,youwouldn’thavebeenlate.IfIhadtakenmoneywithmeyesterday,I__________________(repair)mywatch.IfI___________(repair)mywatch,Iwouldhavegotupearly.IfI_____________(getup)early,Iwouldn’thavebeenlate.hadcomewouldhaverepairedhadrepairedhadgotup3.与将来情况相反的假设：Ifyoushouldcometomorrow,Iwouldgofishingwithyou.Ifyouweretocometomorrow,…Ifyoucametomorrow,…shoulddo,(If)weretodo,woulddo(should/could/might)didIfitshouldraintomorrow,I___________(stay)athome.IfIweretostayathome,I____________(have)agoodrest.IfI_________________________________agoodrest,Icouldputmyheartintostudynextweek.wouldstaywouldhaveshouldhave/weretohave/had高考实战:--Ifhe_____,he_____thatfood.--Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken2.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_____.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken3.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you_____sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot4.–IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.--Oh,didyou?You_____withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed5.HowIwisheveryfamily_____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhadAnswerkeyforExercise2onpage51,W2,F3,W4,FIfhehadrighttochoosehisholiday,hewouldgotoMexico.IfIwerenotallergictoshellfish,Iwouldenjoyeatingthem.Ifthemarblestatuewerenottoobigforhergarden,thehousewifewouldbuyit.Ifweknewmoreaboutthedisease,wewouldbeabletotreatthepatientsveryeffectively.DiscoveringusefulstructuresAnswerkeyforExercise3onpage5Davidisnotasculptor.Ifhewere,hewouldmakeasculpturefortheexhibition.Sallyisnotanaggressivewoman.Ifshewere,shewouldbeamoresuccessfulbusinesswoman.IfSamwerehere,hewouldbesoexcitedaboutmeetingafamousscholarintheflesh.IfIcouldpaint,IwouldpaintyouanabstractpaintinginthestyleofMatisse.