浙江省新阵地教育联盟2025届高三上学期第一次联考英语试题 含解析

浙江省新阵地教育联盟2025届第一次联考英语试题卷第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节：(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whichanimaldoesthemanthinkismostspecial?A．Birds.B．Ducks.C．Horses.2．Whereisthewomangoingtonight?A．Thestadium.B．Thelibrary.C．Thecafé.3．Whatwillthemanhavefortomorrow’sbreakfast?A．Eggrolls.B．Friedeggs.C．Boiledeggs.4．Whatdoesthemanthinkofthenewtowels?A．They’requiteuseful.B．They’reabitexpensive.C．They’reverycomfortable.5．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Asciencefictionmovie.B．AnewGPSdevice.C．Achatprogram.第二节：(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．WhatdidMaxdothismorning?A．Hehadawalk.B．Heatesomebeef.C．Hecleanedthefloor.7．Howdoesthewomansound?A．Sorry.B．Happy.C．Angry.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8．Whatistheman’smajorconcernaboutusinggas?A．Itcoststoomuchinwinter.B．Itwillcauseenvironmentalpollution.C．Itinvolvesariskofblowingupthehouse.9．Whatsourceofenergywillthespeakersusetoheatthehouse?A．Coal.B．Solarpower.C．Windenergy.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10．Whydoesthewomanfindthepoemshard?A．Theyfocusedonsomedifficulttopics.B．Theyarewrittenindifferentlanguages.C．Theyhaveexistedforquitealongtime.11．Whatdayisittoday?A．Saturday.B．Sunday.C．Monday.12．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Teacherandstudent.B．Fatheranddaughter.C．Husbandandwife.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13．Wherearethespeakers?A．Onabeach.B．Inthewoods.C．Attheirhome.14．Whatdidthewomandointhemorning?A．Shestoredwaterinthevehicle.B．Shetookapictureofthevehicle.C．Shefilledthevehicleupwithgas.15．WhatseasonisitnowinScotland?A．Spring.B．Summer.C．Winter.16．Whatwillthemandonext?A．Takeashower.B．Turntheheaton.C．Checktheamountofgas.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．Whatisthespeakerdoing?A．Reportingastudyonnovels.B．Introducingsomebooks.C．Teachingawritingclass.18．WhenwillTheDarkbepublished?A．In7days.B．In10days.C．In13days.19．WhichcountrydoesJohnClarkecomefrom?A．Japan.B．Australia.C．TheU.S.20．Wherecanthelistenersgetmoreinformation?A．Fromalibrary.B．FromtheInternet.C．Fromabookstore.第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节：(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAstheexcitementoftheSummerOlympicsattractsaudiencesworldwide,itpresentsagoldenopportunitytoinspireouryoungergenerationnotjustinsportsbutinthefieldsofScience,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics(STEM).Thesedisciplines,oftenperceivedascomplex,canbemadeaccessibleandenjoyablethroughthelensoftheOlympics.Here,weexploreaseriesofinnovativeSTEMchallengesdesignedforbothlowerelementaryandupperelementarystudents,aimedatsparkingtheircuriosityandfosteringaloveforlearning.SurfingSTEMChallengeTheSurfingSTEMChallengeinvitesstudentstoexplorethefascinatingworldofmagneticforces(磁力)bykeepingasurfersuspendedinmid-air.Usingamagneticstick,studentsguidethesurfer’strack,mirroringthefluidmovementsofsurfingwaves.BasketballSTEMchallengeTheBasketballSTEMchallengeattractsstudentsbytaskingthemwithinventingabasketballgametailoredforone-handedplay,makinguseofmaterialsathand.Theactivityhighlightstheimportanceofcreativity,engineeringcapability,andcollaborativeeffort,allwithinthevibrantatmosphereoftheSummerOlympics.SkateboardingSTEMActivityTheSkateboardingSTEMActivitychallengesstudentstocraftasmallskateboard,alongwithconstructingaskateparktodemonstratetheirfingerboardingskills.It’sanengagingwaytoconnectwiththedynamicworldofskateboardingintheSummerOlympics,encouragingteamwork,innovation,andhands-onlearning.GolfSTEMChallengeTheGolfSTEMChallengetasksstudentswiththeexcitingprojectofdesigningandbuildingaminigolfcourse,alongwithcreatingtheirowngolfclub.ThisinnovativeapproachtolearningnotonlybringsthespiritoftheSummerOlympicsintotheclassroombutalsofostersteamwork,problem-solving,andadeeperunderstandingofthescientificconceptsbehindthegameofgolf.ClickHeretofindoutmoreinformation.1.WhatisthemaingoaloftheSTEMchallengesdescribedinthepassage?A.TotrainstudentsforfuturecareersinSTEM.B.Toencouragestudents’curiosityandloveforlearning.C.Tohelpstudentsunderstandcomplexscientifictheories.D.Topromotetheimportanceofsportsandphysicalactivity.2.WhichtwoSTEMchallengesencouragestudentstobuildsomethingphysical?A.SurfingSTEMChallengeandGolfSTEMChallengeB.SurfingSTEMChallengeandBasketballSTEMChallengeC.SkateboardingSTEMActivityandGolfSTEMChallengeD.BasketballSTEMChallengeandSkateboardingSTEMActivity3.Whereisthispassagemostlikelytobefound?A.Aneducationalwebsite B.AtravelblogC.Ascientificreport D.Asportsmagazine【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四项结合夏季奥运会的STEM挑战活动，旨在通过体育运动激发小学生对科学、技术、工程和数学的兴趣和学习热情，同时培养他们的创造力、团队合作能力和解决问题的能力。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Here,weexploreaseriesofinnovativeSTEMchallengesdesignedforbothlowerelementaryandupperelementarystudents,aimedatsparkingtheircuriosityandfosteringaloveforlearning.(在这里，我们探索了一系列为小学低年级和小学高年级学生设计的创新STEM挑战，旨在激发他们的好奇心，培养他们对学习的热爱)”可知，文章描述的STEM挑战的主要目标是激发学生的好奇心并培养他们对学习的热爱。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“TheSkateboardingSTEMActivitychallengesstudentstocraftasmallskateboard,alongwithconstructingaskateparktodemonstratetheirfingerboardingskills.(滑板STEM活动挑战学生制作一个小滑板，同时建造一个滑板公园来展示他们的指板技巧)”和第五段中的“TheGolfSTEMChallengetasksstudentswiththeexcitingprojectofdesigningandbuildingaminigolfcourse,alongwithcreatingtheirowngolfclub.(高尔夫STEM挑战赛为学生们提供了一个令人兴奋的项目，即设计和建造一个迷你高尔夫球场，以及创建自己的高尔夫俱乐部)”可知，滑板STEM活动和高尔夫STEM挑战都鼓励学生制作实体物品，即滑板和迷你高尔夫球场。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Here,weexploreaseriesofinnovativeSTEMchallengesdesignedforbothlowerelementaryandupperelementarystudents,aimedatsparkingtheircuriosityandfosteringaloveforlearning.(在这里，我们探索了一系列为小学低年级和小学高年级学生设计的创新STEM挑战，旨在激发他们的好奇心，培养他们对学习的热爱)”可知，文章主要介绍了几个与奥运会相关的STEM挑战，旨在激发学生的好奇心和学习热情。这种内容更符合教育类网站的特点，文章并未涉及旅游、科学研究的具体报告或体育杂志的内容。故选A项。BAsElizabethStoneoncesaid,“Havingchildrenislikehavingyourheartgowalkingaroundoutsideofyourbody.”Yousendthemofftoschoolandhopethattheworldtreatsthemkindlybecausewhentheyhurt,youhurt.Surelyit’sinevitablethatyourchildwillexperiencehurtfeelingsatsomepoint.So,it’swisetobereadyforthosemoments.Butwhattrulypreparesyouforthemomentwhenthechildyoulovesomuchunexpectedlyhealsthewoundsofyourowninnerchild?Amom,whogoesbySoogia,postedavideoonTikTokexplainingaphonecallshereceivedfromaparentinherdaughter’sclassroom.ThemomcalledtoinformSoogiathattheirkidshadbeensharinglunchwitheachother.Soogiawasn’tpreparedforwhatcamenext.Theclassmate’smotherinformedherthathersonlovedthefoodSoogia’sdaughterbroughttoschoolandwantedtolearnhowtocookittoo.Thatmayseemlikeasmallthingtosome,butthesmallgesturehealedalittlebitofSoogia’sinnerchild.GrowingupasaKoreankidinCalifornia,Soogiahaddifferentexperiencesfromherchildren.“IguessIjustneverthoughtthatmykidswouldbethegenerationofkidsthatcouldgotoschoolandnotjustproudlyeat,butsharetheirfoodwithotherkidsthatwerejustsoopenandacceptingtoit,”Soogiasaidthroughtears.“Theydon’tsitthereeatingtheirfoodalone,feelingashamedandwishingthattheirfriedricewasabagelinsteadorsomethinglikethat.AndIknow,itsoundssosmallanditsoundssostupid,butknowingthattheirexperienceatschoolissodifferentfrommineinsuchapositivewayisjustsohopeful.”Soogia’stearfulvideopulledattheheartstringsofherviewerswhosharedtheirthoughtsinthecomments.“TheseGenAlphababiesreallyareadifferent,kindergeneration.Ilovethemsomuch,”someonerevealed.4.Whatisthepurposeofquotingatthebeginningofthepassage?A.Toillustratethehardworkofbeingaparent.B.Tostressparents’consistentconcernsabouttheirchildren.C.Tointroducethestoryaboutachild’sgrowththatfollows.D.Tocontrastthedifferentfeelingsbetweenparentsandchildren.5.Whydidtheclassmate’smothercallSoogia?A.Toaskforthelunchrecipehersonloved.B.ToinviteSoogiatopreparelunchforthechildrentogether.C.ToinformSoogiaofherdaughter’sunderstandingbehavioratschool.D.ToexpressherappreciationforthelunchSoogia’sdaughterbrought.6.WhatmakesSoogiafeelcomforted?A.HerchildcanfinallyfitinwithAmericansociety.B.Herchildhasgainedfriendshipandrecognitionatschool.C.Herchildneedn’tfeelashamedoftheirculturalbackground.D.Herchildcansharetheirfavoritefoodwiththeirclassmates.7.WhatcanweinferaboutSoogia’sopinionofthenewgenerationofchildren?A.Open-mindedandinclusive. B.Adventurousandopen-mindedC.Tolerantandambitious. D.Friendlyandambitious.【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过一个妈妈Soogia分享的故事，讲述了她的孩子在学校分享午餐的经历，以及这一小事如何治愈了她内心的创伤，并引发了对新一代孩子开放和包容特质的思考。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“AsElizabethStoneoncesaid,‘Havingchildrenislikehavingyourheartgowalkingaroundoutsideofyourbody.’Yousendthemofftoschoolandhopethattheworldtreatsthemkindlybecausewhentheyhurt,youhurt.Surelyit’sinevitablethatyourchildwillexperiencehurtfeelingsatsomepoint.So,it’swisetobereadyforthosemoments.”（正如伊丽莎白·斯通曾经说过，“有了孩子就像你的心在体外行走。”你把他们送去学校，希望世界善待他们，因为当他们受伤时，你也会受伤。当然，你的孩子迟早会经历一些伤心的时刻。所以，为这些时刻做好准备是明智的）可知，文章开头引用ElizabethStone的话是为了强调父母对孩子持续的关心，即孩子受伤时父母也会感到伤心。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Theclassmate’smotherinformedherthathersonlovedthefoodSoogia’sdaughterbroughttoschoolandwantedtolearnhowtocookittoo.”（同学的妈妈告诉她，她的儿子很喜欢Soogia的女儿带到学校的食物，也想学做这道菜）可知，同学的妈妈打电话给Soogia是为了询问她儿子喜欢的午餐食谱。故选A项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“AndIknow,itsoundssosmallanditsoundssostupid,butknowingthattheirexperienceatschoolissodifferentfrommineinsuchapositivewayisjustsohopeful.”（我知道，这听起来很微不足道，听起来很愚蠢，但我知道他们在学校的经历与我的如此不同，以一种积极的方式，这是如此有希望）和前文提到的同学想要学习做Soogia女儿带的食物，可知Soogia的孩子在学校得到了认可和友谊，这使得Soogia感到安慰。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“IguessIjustneverthoughtthatmykidswouldbethegenerationofkidsthatcouldgotoschoolandnotjustproudlyeat,butsharetheirfoodwithotherkidsthatwerejustsoopenandacceptingtoit(我想我从来没有想过我的孩子们会成为这样的一代孩子，他们在上学的时候不仅自豪地吃东西，而且还和其他孩子分享他们的食物，他们是如此开放和欣然接受)”、最后一段中“‘TheseGenAlphababiesreallyareadifferent,kindergeneration.Ilovethemsomuch,’someonerevealed.”（“这些阿尔法世代的孩子们真的是一个不同的、更善良的一代。我非常爱他们，”有人说）和前文提到的Soogia的女儿与同学分享午餐，以及同学想要学习做这道菜的事情，可以推断出Soogia认为新一代的孩子是开放和包容的。故选A项。COverthepastfewyears,thehealthandwellnessindustryhasexperiencedasignificantboom,driveninpartbythepandemicpromptingindividualstoprioritizetheirwell-being.Thissurgehasledtoanotableincreaseintheinterestsurroundingvitaminsandsupplements.SalesofdietarysupplementsintheUSsurgedby50%between2018and2020,amountingtoover$220billionin2020asrevealedbyastudypublishedinthejournalNutrients.Amidthistrend,socialmediainfluencersareactivelypromotingvariousvitaminsandsupplementsasaquickfixforvarioushealthissues.Vitaminsandsupplementscanbeabeneficialadditiontoaperson’shealthandwellnessroutine—ifusedandobtainedcorrectly.However,expertscautionthatthispromotioncansometimesperpetuatemisinformationandpotentiallyleadtoharmfulhealthconsequencesduetoblanketstatementslackingscientificbacking.DietitianCarolineThomasonwarnsagainstblanketrecommendations,emphasizingtheimportanceofpersonalizedadvice.Thequestionof“WhatvitaminsshouldItake?”lacksaone-size-fits-allanswer.Navigatingtheworldofvitaminsrequiresindividualizedguidance.Expertsrecommendconsultingaprimarycarephysicianordietitian.Conductingbloodteststoassessvitaminlevelsiscrucialbeforedeterminingspecificsupplementneeds.Personalizedrecommendationsareessentialasthereisnouniversalapproachtovitaminintake.Ifyoudon’thaveadeficiency,prioritizingadiversediettomeetyournutritionalneedsratherthanrelyingsolelyonsupplementsisadvisable.It’svitaltoexercisecautionwhenconsideringdailyvitaminintake.Certainvitamins,suchasfat-solublevitaminsA,D,E,K,alongwithmineralslikeironandcalcium,shouldnotbeconsumedregularlywithoutprofessionalguidance.Excessiveintakeofthesenutrientswithoutadeficiencycanleadtotoxicityandadverseinteractions.It’svitaltobeawareofpotentialhealthrisks,includingliverdamage,highcalciumlevels,bleeding,andkidneystones,whichmayarisefromimpropersupplements.Inconclusion,whilevitaminsandsupplementscanenhanceone’shealthroutinewhenusedappropriately,excessiveintakewithoutmedicalsupervisioncanposeserioushealthrisks.Individualizedguidancefromhealthcareprofessionalsisessentialtoensureoptimalwell-beingandavoidpotentialcomplications.8.Whydoexpertscautionagainstblanketrecommendationsforvitaminintake?A.Becausetheyaregainingpopularity.B.Becausetheylackscientificevidence.C.Becausetheyarepersonalizedsuggestions.D.Becausetheyareinfluencedbysocialmedia.9.Whatisemphasizedasessentialbeforedecidingspecificsupplementsneeded?A.Consultingsocialmediainfluencers. B.Increasingvitaminintake.C.Usinguniversalapproaches. D.Takingbloodtests.10.Accordingtothetext,whatdoestheunderlinedterm“deficiency”inParagraph3mean?A.Atreatmentplan B.LackofvitaminsC.Aninadequatediet D.Intakeofsupplements11.Whatdoesthispassagemainlyfocuson?A.PotentialrisksofimproperdietB.InfluencercultureinthewellnessindustryC.DietaryguidelinesforidealhealthD.Importanceoftailoredsupplementconsumption【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.D【解析】【导语】本文的体裁是说明文，文章介绍了维生素和补充剂在健康和保健行业中的增长趋势，以及社交媒体影响者对它们的推广可能导致的误解和潜在健康风险。文章强调了个性化建议的重要性，并警告过度摄入某些维生素和矿物质可能带来的健康问题。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“However,expertscautionthatthispromotioncansometimesperpetuatemisinformationandpotentiallyleadtoharmfulhealthconsequencesduetoblanketstatementslackingscientificbacking.（然而，专家警告说，这种推广有时会传播错误信息，并可能导致有害的健康后果，因为一概而论的说法缺乏科学依据。）”可知，专家警告不要对维生素摄入进行一概而论的推荐，因为这些推荐缺乏科学依据。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Conductingbloodteststoassessvitaminlevelsiscrucialbeforedeterminingspecificsupplementneeds.（在确定特定补充剂需求之前，进行血液测试以评估维生素水平至关重要。）”可知，在决定特定补充剂需求之前，强调进行血液测试是必要的。故选D。【10题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“Personalizedrecommendationsareessentialasthereisnouniversalapproachtovitaminintake.(个性化推荐至关重要，因为维生素摄入没有通用的方法)”以及“Ifyoudon’thavea…,prioritizingadiversediettomeetyournutritionalneedsratherthanrelyingsolelyonsupplementsisadvisable.（如果你没有……，建议优先考虑多样化饮食以满足你的营养需求，而不是仅仅依赖补充剂。）”可知，建议优先考虑多样化饮食以满足你的营养需求，所以这指的地维生素不缺乏的情况下。所以“deficiency”指的是维生素的缺乏。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Overthepastfewyears,thehealthandwellnessindustryhasexperiencedasignificantboom,driveninpartbythepandemicpromptingindividualstoprioritizetheirwell-being.Thissurgehasledtoanotableincreaseintheinterestsurroundingvitaminsandsupplements.SalesofdietarysupplementsintheUSsurgedby50%between2018and2020,amountingtoover$220billionin2020asrevealedbyastudypublishedinthejournalNutrients.(在过去几年中，健康和保健行业经历了显著的增长，部分原因是疫情促使人们更加重视自己的健康。这种增长导致人们对维生素和补充剂的兴趣显著增加。根据《营养》杂志发表的一项研究，美国膳食补充剂的销售额在2018年至2020年间激增了50%，2020年达到了超过2200亿美元)”以及最后一段“Inconclusion,whilevitaminsandsupplementscanenhanceone’shealthroutinewhenusedappropriately,excessiveintakewithoutmedicalsupervisioncanposeserioushealthrisks.Individualizedguidancefromhealthcareprofessionalsisessentialtoensureoptimalwell-beingandavoidpotentialcomplications(总之，尽管维生素和补充剂在适当使用时可以增强健康，但未经医疗监督的过量摄入可能会带来严重的健康风险。获得医疗保健专业人士的个性化指导对于确保最佳健康和避免潜在并发症至关重要)”可知，文章主要讨论了维生素和补充剂的摄入问题，强调了个性化建议的重要性，以及在没有医疗监督的情况下过量摄入可能导致的健康风险。因此，这篇文章主要关注的是定制补充剂消费的重要性。故选D。DSwitchingfoodanddrinkpurchasestoverysimilarbutmoreenvironmentallyfriendlyalternativescouldreducethegreenhousegasemissionsfromhouseholdgroceriesbymorethanaquarter(26%)accordingtoanewAustralianstudyfromTheGeorgeInstitutepublishedinNatureFood.Makingbiggerchanges—likeswappingafrozenmeatlasagne(宽面条)forthevegetarianoption—couldpushthereductiontoasmuchas71%.LeadauthorDrAllisonGainessaid,“Dietaryhabitsneedtochangesignificantlyifwearetomeetglobalemissionstargets,particularlyinhigh-incomecountrieslikeAustralia,theUK,andtheUS.”Butwhileconsumersareincreasinglyawareoftheenvironmentalimpactofthefoodsystem,theylackreliableinformationtoidentifythemoreenvironmentallyfriendlyoptions.Researcherscalculatedtheprojectedemissionsofannualgrocerypurchasesfrom7,000AustralianhouseholdsinTheGeorgeInstitute’sFoodSwitchdatabaseandglobalenvironmentalimpactdatabasets.Morethan22,000productswereassignedtomajor,minorandsub-categoriesoffoods(e.g.‘breadandbakery’,‘bread’and‘whitebread’,respectively)toquantifyemissionssavedbyswitchingbothwithinandbetweengroups.Makingswitcheswithinthesamesub-categoriesoffoodscouldleadtoemissionreductionsof26%inAustralia,equivalenttotakingover1.9millioncarsofftheroad.Switcheswithinminorcategoriesoffoodscouldleadtoevenbiggeremissionreductionsof71%.Theresultsofthestudyshowthepotentialtosignificantlyreduceourenvironmentalimpactbyswitchinglike-for-likeproducts.“Itshowedthatyoucanswitchtoloweremissionsproductswhilestillenjoyingnutritiousfoods,”DrGainesadded.Afreeapp,calledecoSwitch,hasbeendevelopedcurrentlyavailableinAustralia,basedonthisresearch.Shopperscanusetheirdevicetoscanaproductbarcodeandcheckits‘PlanetaryHealthRating’,ameasureofitsemissionsshownasascorebetweenhalfastar(highemissions)tofivestars(lowemissions).“WhileecoSwitchisamuch-neededfirststepinprovidingenvironmentaltransparency(透明度)forgroceryshoppers,thevisionisforcompulsivedisplayofasingle,standardisedsustainabilityratingsystemonallsupermarketproducts,”concludedprofNeal,ProfessorofClinicalEpidemiologyatImperialCollegeLondon.12.What’sthefunctionofparagraph2?A.Tosetthestageforfurtherexplanation.B.Tosummarizethepreviousparagraph.C.Togivesupportingdetailsforthewriter’sargument.D.Tomakeacomparisonbetweendifferentcountries.13.Whydoresearchersmakeadetailedclassificationforproducts?A.Tosetupacomprehensivedatabase.B.Tofigureoutthedetailedfoodcategories.C.Tomeasureemissionsreducedbyswitchingfood.D.Toensurelessairpollutioncausedbyfoodoptions.14.WhatdoweknowaboutecoSwitch?A.Itispopularinhigh-incomecountries.B.Itcheckstheemissionsofstarproducts.C.Itisameasurementsystemforasupermarket.D.Itensureswiserchoicesforfoodpurchase.15.What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A.EcoSwitch—aReminderofFoodSafetyB.Dietaryhabits—aFactorofPhysicalHealthC.Foodswaps—aWayofEnvironmentalSustainabilityD.Greenhousegasemissions—aCauseofEnvironmentalCrisis【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的澳大利亚研究，该研究探讨了通过选择更环保的食品和饮料替代品来减少家庭杂货购买所产生的温室气体排放。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“LeadauthorDrAllisonGainessaid,“Dietaryhabitsneedtochangesignificantlyifwearetomeetglobalemissionstargets,particularlyinhigh-incomecountrieslikeAustralia,theUK,andtheUS.”Butwhileconsumersareincreasinglyawareoftheenvironmentalimpactofthefoodsystem,theylackreliableinformationtoidentifythemoreenvironmentallyfriendlyoptions.(首席作者艾莉森·盖恩斯博士说：“如果我们想要达到全球排放目标，特别是在像澳大利亚、英国和美国这样的高收入国家，饮食习惯需要发生重大变化。”然而，尽管消费者越来越意识到食品系统对环境的影响，但他们缺乏可靠的信息来识别更环保的选择)”可知，第二段引用了研究的主要作者艾莉森·盖恩斯博士的话，并提到消费者缺乏可靠的信息来识别更环保的选择，为接下来的研究细节和ecoSwitch应用程序的介绍做了铺垫。故选A项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Morethan22,000productswereassignedtomajor,minorandsub-categoriesoffoods(e.g.‘breadandbakery’,‘bread’and‘whitebread’,respectively)toquantifyemissionssavedbyswitchingbothwithinandbetweengroups.(超过22,000种产品被分配到了主要、次要和子类别的食品(例如“面包和烘焙”、“面包”和“白面包”)以量化通过在同一类别内或跨类别更换产品所节省的排放量)”可知，研究人员对产品进行详细的分类是为了测量更换产品所节省的排放量。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Afreeapp,calledecoSwitch,hasbeendevelopedcurrentlyavailableinAustralia,basedonthisresearch.Shopperscanusetheirdevicetoscanaproductbarcodeandcheckits‘PlanetaryHealthRating’,ameasureofitsemissionsshownasascorebetweenhalfastar(highemissions)tofivestars(lowemissions).(基于这项研究，目前在澳大利亚已经开发出了一款名为ecoSwitch的免费应用程序。购物者可以使用他们的设备扫描产品的条形码，并检查其‘行星健康评级’，这是一个衡量其排放的指标，以半颗星(高排放)到五颗星(低排放)之间的评分表示)”可知，ecoSwitch是一款免费的应用程序，它允许购物者扫描产品的条形码并检查其“行星健康评级”，从而帮助他们做出更加环保的食物购买决定。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文及文章第一段“Switchingfoodanddrinkpurchasestoverysimilarbutmoreenvironmentallyfriendlyalternativescouldreducethegreenhousegasemissionsfromhouseholdgroceriesbymorethanaquarter(26%),accordingtoanewAustralianstudyfromTheGeorgeInstitutepublishedin

NatureFood .Makingbiggerchanges—likeswappingafrozenmeatlasagneforthevegetarianoption—couldpushthereductiontoasmuchas71%.(根据澳大利亚乔治研究所发表在《自然食品》上的一项新研究，将食物和饮料购买转向非常相似但更环保的替代品可以减少家庭杂货产生的温室气体排放超过四分之一(26%)。进行更大的改变——比如用素食选项替换冷冻肉酱宽面条——可以将减排量提高到高达71%)”可知，文章主要讨论的是通过替换相似但更环保的食物选项来减少家庭杂货产生的温室气体排放的可能性，故C项“食物替换——一种环境可持续性的方式”适合作为文章的标题。故选C项。第二节：(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Humanactivitieshavemadeglobalrainfallmoreunstableoverthepastcentury,anewstudysuggests.____16____.PublishedFridayinthejournalScience,itshowsthatrainfallvariabilityhasincreasedsincethe20thcentury,rangingfromglobaltoregionalscalesandfromdailytoseasonal.Rainfallvariabilityreferstotheunevennessofrainfalltimingandrainfallamount.____17____Forexamplesomeplacesmayreceiveayear’srainfallinjustafewdays,experiencedownpoursafterlongdryperiods,orrapidlychangebetweendroughtsandfloods.Byanalyzingawiderangeofobservationaldatatheresearchersfoundthatrainfallvariabilityhasincreasedbyabout75%sincethe20thcenturyacrossthelandareasstudied,especiallyinEurope,AustraliaandeasternNorthAmerica.____18________19____Theyidentifiedthedominantroleofanthropogenic(人为的)emissionsofgreenhousegases.“Theincreaseinrainfallvariabilityismainlyduetoanthropogenicgreenhousegasemissions,whichhaveledtoawarmerandmorehumidatmosphere,”saidWenxiaZhang,leadauthorofthestudy.Thismeansthateveniftheatmosphericcirculationremainsunchanged,theextramoistureintheairwillleadtomoreintenserainfallevents.Largeandrapidfluctuations(波动)betweenextremeclimatesnotonlychallengetheexistingcapabilitiesofcontemporaryweatherandclimatepredictionsystems,butalsohavechaineffectsonhumansociety,threateningtheeconomicdevelopment,ecosystemfunctionsandterrestrialcarbonsinks.____20____A.Immediateadaptationmeasuresarecrucialtomeetthesechallenges.B.Highervariabilitymaybringmoreraininacertainregion.C.ThestudywasconductedbyresearchersfromtheInstituteofAtmosphericPhysicsoftheChineseAcademyofSciences.D.Tounderstandthecausesofincreasedrainfallvariability,theteamfurtheredtheresearch.E.Highervariabilitymeansthatrainfallismoreunevenlydistributedoveraperiodoftime,leadingtowetanddryperiods.F.Itwasalsofoundthatdailyvariabilityinglobalrainfallhasincreasedby1.2%perdecade.G.Thestudyindicatesthatglobalrainfallwillstillincreaseinthenextcentury。【答案】16.C17.E18.F19.D20.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇科学研究类说明文。文章主要介绍了人类活动对全球降雨稳定性的影响以及由此带来的挑战。【16题详解】上文“Humanactivitieshavemadeglobalrainfallmoreunstableoverthepastcentury,anewstudysuggests.(一项新的研究表明，人类活动在过去一个世纪里使全球降雨更加不稳定)”提出了一项新的研究及其发现。C选项“ThestudywasconductedbyresearchersfromtheInstituteofAtmosphericPhysicsoftheChineseAcademyofSciences.(这项研究是由中国科学院大气物理研究所的研究人员进行的)”紧接着介绍了这项研究的实施者，为下文详细介绍研究内容做了铺垫，上下文语意衔接自然。故选C项。【17题详解】上文“Rainfallvariabilityreferstotheunevennessofrainfalltimingandrainfallamount.(降雨变异性指的是降雨时间和降雨量的不均匀性)”定义了降雨变异性。E选项“Highervariabilitymeansthatrainfallismoreunevenlydistributedoveraperiodoftime,leadingtowetanddryperiods.(更高的变异性意味着降雨在一段时间内分布更加不均匀，导致湿润和干燥的时期)”进一步解释了降雨变异性的含义，即降雨在时间上分布更加不均匀，导致湿润和干燥时期的出现，与上文语意紧密相连。故选E项。【18题详解】上文“Byanalyzingawiderangeofobservationaldata,theresearchersfoundthatrainfallvariabilityhasincreasedbyabout75%sincethe20thcenturyacrossthelandareasstudied,especiallyinEurope,AustraliaandeasternNorthAmerica.(通过分析广泛的观测数据，研究人员发现，自20世纪以来，在所研究的陆地地区，尤其是欧洲、澳大利亚和北美东部，降雨变异性增加了约75%)”介绍了研究人员通过分析数据得出的发现。F选项“Itwasalsofoundthatdailyvariabilityinglobalrainfallhasincreasedby1.2%perdecade.(还发现，全球日降雨变异性每十年增加1.2%)”继续介绍了研究人员的另一项发现，即全球日降雨变异性的增加情况，与上文内容紧密相关。故选F项。【19题详解】下文“Theyidentifiedthedominantroleofanthropogenic(人为的)emissionsofgreenhousegases.(他们确定了人为排放温室气体的主导作用)”介绍了研究人员对降雨变异性增加原因的研究发现。D选项“Tounderstandthecausesofincreasedrainfallvariability,theteamfurtheredtheresearch.(为了了解降雨变异性增加的原因，研究小组进一步进行了研究)”引出了下文的内容，即研究人员对降雨变异性增加原因的深入研究，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。【20题详解】上文“Largeandrapidfluctuations(波动)betweenextremeclimatesnotonlychallengetheexistingcapabilitiesofcontemporaryweatherandclimatepredictionsystems,butalsohavechaineffectsonhumansociety,threateningtheeconomicdevelopment,ecosystemfunctionsandterrestrialcarbonsinks.(极端气候之间的大幅度快速波动不仅挑战了当代天气和气候预测系统的现有能力，而且对人类社会产生了连锁效应，威胁到经济发展、生态系统功能和陆地碳汇)”介绍了极端气候之间的大幅度快速波动带来的挑战和威胁。A选项“Immediateadaptationmeasuresarecrucialtomeetthesechallenges.(立即采取适应措施对于应对这些挑战至关重要)”提出了应对这些挑战的措施，即立即采取适应措施，与上文内容紧