江苏省南京市六校联合体2023-2024学年高二上学期期初调研英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1江苏省南京市六校联合体2023-2024学年高二上学期期初调研英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatkindofTVprogramsdoesthemanlike?A.Quizshows.B.Documentaries.C.Situationcomedies.2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inaconveniencestore.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theweather.B.Writingskills.C.Theplanfortomorrow.4.Whenwillthespeakersgotowatchthematch?A.At7:00.B.At7:30.C.At8:00.5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Taxidriverandpassenger.C.Shopassistantandcustomer.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhywillSarahgotothemarket?A.Togetaclock.B.Togetarecord.C.Togetabirthdaycake.7.WhatdoweknowaboutSarah?A.Shehasneverbeentothemarket.B.Shewillgotothemarketwiththeman.C.Sheisn’tfamiliarwiththesurroundings.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.HowdidJackspendthesummervacation?A.Travelingaround.B.Studyingalot.C.Takingapart-timejob.9.WhatisMs.WellingtonlikeaccordingtoJack?A.She’sstrict.B.She’seasy-going.C.She’scareless.10.WhatisJack’simpressiononMs.Wellington?A.Herexamsweredifficult.B.Herclasswasveryboring.C.Shegavestudentslotsofwork.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Usetheredcolor.B.Paintthewallsagain.C.Buyanewsofa.12.Whenwillthemanbuythepaintings?A.Tomorrow.B.Today.C.Thisweekend.13.Whatcolorwouldthemanliketopaintthewall?A.Brightcolors.B.Softcolors.C.Darkcolors.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.WhyisthemangoingtotheStates?A.Toattendaconference.B.Tostudyatauniversity.C.Tovisitplacesofinterest.15.Whatdoesthemanshowtothewoman?A.Hiscertifications.B.Theletterofinvitation.C.Anadmissionletterfromauniversity.16.WhendoesthemanplantoleaveforAmerica?A.OnJanuary5th.B.OnJanuary10th.C.OnJanuary15th.17.Whatisthemandoing?A.Holdingameeting.B.Conductinganinterview.C.Applyingforapassport.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatarebothlivechatroomsandmessageboardsgoodfor?A.Accuracy.B.Fluency.C.Patience.19.Whatshouldanactivelistenerdo?A.Recordallmaterials.B.Dogrouppracticing.C.Writedownnewwords.20.Whatisthespeaker’slastsuggestion?A.Visitawebsite.B.Practicelisteningafterclass.C.Doexercisesinthetextbook.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWeald&DownlandLivingMuseumFunfactOver50historicbuildingsfromacrosstheWealdandDownlandareahavebeendismantled(拆除)andthenreconstructedacrossalovely40-acresiteintheSouthDownsnationalpark.Thecollectionofbuildingsrepresentsalmostathousandyearsofrurallifeinsouth-eastEngland:furnishedjustastheywouldhavebeeninthepast—completewiththehomes,farmsandpublicbuildings.There’sasenseofexploringarealvillageasyouwanderbetweenthemalonggreenpaths,stoppingtoclimbthestairsofa17th-centurycraftsman’s(工匠)cottagetolieonthestrawbedorshelteringfromashowerinasmoky,14th-centuryhall.GettingthereTheStagecoach60busservicefromChichestertoMidhurststopsjustfiveminutesawayatGroomsYard,Singleton.ThenearestrailwaystationsareChichester(2miles)andHaslemere(7miles).ThemuseumisonTownLaneinSingleton,reachedviatheA286fromChichestertoMidhurst.Parkingisfreeandtherearedisabledparkingspacesoppositethemuseumshop.Valueformoney?Yes.It’snotcheapbutit’saspecialexperiencethateasilyfillsaday.Plus,it’savaluablecauseworthsupporting.Adults￡14,children5-17andstudents￡6.50,under-4sfree,family￡38(twoadultsandtwochildren)or￡25(oneadultandthreechildren).OpeninghoursDaily10am-5pm(lastentry4pm).1.WhatcanvisitorsdoinWeald&DownlandLivingMuseum?A.Takeashowerinthehall.B.Stayovernightatacottage.C.Learnconstructiontechniques.D.Explorerurallifecenturiesago.2.Howmuchwouldacouplewiththeir5-year-oldtwinsonspayforadmission?A.￡25. B.￡34.5. C.￡38. D.￡41.3.WhatdoweknowaboutWeald&DownlandLivingMuseum?A.Itchargesparkingfees.B.Ithasvariedopeninghours.C.Itisinconvenientlylocatedforbusriders.D.Itoffersthedisabledthoughtfulservice.〖答案〗1.D2.C3.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了Weald&Downland生活博物馆的相关信息。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据Funfact部分中“Thecollectionofbuildingsrepresentsalmostathousandyearsofrurallifeinsouth-eastEngland:furnishedjustastheywouldhavebeeninthepast—completewiththehomes,farmsandpublicbuildings.There’sasenseofexploringarealvillageasyouwanderbetweenthemalonggreenpaths,stoppingtoclimbthestairsofa17th-centurycraftsman’s(工匠)cottagetolieonthestrawbedorshelteringfromashowerinasmoky,14th-centuryhall.(这组建筑代表了英格兰东南部近千年的乡村生活：家具和过去一样，包括住宅、农场和公共建筑。当你沿着绿色小径漫步在这些村庄之间，停下来爬上17世纪工匠小屋的楼梯，躺在稻草床上，或者在烟雾缭绕的14世纪大厅里躲雨时，你会有一种探索真实村庄的感觉)”可知，游客在Weald&Downland生活博物馆可以探索几个世纪前的乡村生活。故选D项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Valueformoney?部分中“family￡38(twoadultsandtwochildren)or￡25(oneadultandthreechildren).(家庭38英镑(两名成人和两名儿童)或25英镑(一名成人和三名儿童))”可知，一对夫妇和他们两个5岁的双胞胎儿子的门票是38英镑。故选C项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据Gettingthere部分中“Parkingisfreeandtherearedisabledparkingspacesoppositethemuseumshop.(停车场是免费的，博物馆商店对面有残疾人停车位)”可知，Weald&Downland生活博物馆有专门的残疾人停车位，为残障人士提供了体贴的服务。故选D项。BItwasthedeadofwinterwhenDadtoldmethathefoundadelicatesmallbaginthesnowonhiswayoutofadoctor’sappointment.“Itwasfilledwithseeds,soIplantedtheminpotsinthelivingroomwindowthatgetssuchgreatlight.”Dadwasexcitedtohaveaplantingprojectinthewinter.Hemissedtendinghisgardenplot,whichwasthesizeofasmallfarm.Inowlivedoutofstate,butDadreportedinhisdailyphonecalls,“Theseplantsseemtodoubleinsizeovernight.It’sonlybeenafewweeks,andtheyarealmosttouchingtheceiling.”SinceDadhadgreenfingers,Iwasn’tsurprisedaboutthat.Icouldn’timaginewhatplantwoulddosowell.IknewphotoswouldnotcomesoonbecauseDadhadtouseupthefilminhiscameraandthendevelopedthepictures.Duringonecall,Dadsaid,“Todayatwork,oneofmyco-workerswaswearingaT-shirtwithascreen-printedpictureofthesameleafasmymysterioushouseplants.ItoldhimthatIhadthosesameherbs,whichweregrowinglikeweeds,andIhadtogetridofthem.”Dadcontinued,“Heeagerlytookthemoffmyhands,andnowIcanseeoutthewindowagain.”Thisawakenedmycuriosity,andIdecidedtodosomeresearch.Inthosedays,thatmeantgoingtothelibrary’sreferencesection.Ididsomereadingandphotocopiedsomearticles.Imailedthemtomyfather.Dadcalled,“Ijustcouldn’tbelievewhatIreadinthepapersyousent.Thosepicturesareexactlywhatmyplantslookedlike.Nowondermyco-workerwassowillingtotakethem.”WebothlaughedtillwecriedwhenwerealizedmyfatherhadjustraisedaharvestofpreciousChineseherbsusedtoeasepain.4.WhydidDadplanttheseeds?A.Becauseitwasthedoctor’sadvice.B.Becausehehadasmallfarmathome.C.Becauseitsatisfiedhiseagernessforgardening.D.Becausetheseedswouldbringhimrichrewards.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”meaninparagraph2?A.Dad’sgardeningtalents.B.Theherbs’growingquickly.C.Dad’seffortstotendtheseeds.D.Aplantingprojectinthewinter.6.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheco-worker?A.Hehadlittleinterestintheplants.B.Herecognizedthevalueoftheplants.C.Hedesiredtolearnfromtheauthor’sdad.D.Hewantedtoshowhisknowledgeaboutplants.7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Seedcatcher B.Windowscenery C.Helpfulco-worker D.Innocentgardener〖答案〗4.C5.B6.B7.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者父亲种植一些无名种子并长大后把它们当成杂草，后来才知道它们是珍贵的中药。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Dadwasexcitedtohaveaplantingprojectinthewinter.Hemissedtendinghisgardenplot,whichwasthesizeofasmallfarm.(爸爸很高兴在冬天有一个种植项目。他错过了照料他的花园，那有一个小农场那么大。)”可知，这些种子这满足了他冬天对园艺的渴望。故选C项。【5题详析】词句猜测题。由文章第二段“‘Theseplantsseemtodoubleinsizeovernight.It’sonlybeenafewweeks,andtheyarealmosttouchingtheceiling.’SinceDadhadgreenfingers,Iwasn’tsurprisedaboutthat.(‘这些植物一夜之间似乎变大了一倍。这才几周，他们就快到天花板了’。既然爸爸是园艺能手，我对此并不感到惊讶。)”可知，that应指代植物快速生长这件事情。故选B项。【6题详析】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“WebothlaughedtillwecriedwhenwerealizedmyfatherhadjustraisedaharvestofpreciousChineseherbsusedtoeasepain.(当我们意识到我父亲刚刚收获了一批用来止痛的珍贵中草药时，我们都笑到哭了。)”以及倒数第二段“Nowondermyco-workerwassowillingtotakethem.(难怪我的同事这么愿意接受它们。)”可知，父亲同事认识到这些植物的价值。故选B项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“WebothlaughedtillwecriedwhenwerealizedmyfatherhadjustraisedaharvestofpreciousChineseherbsusedtoeasepain.(当我们意识到我父亲刚刚收获了一批用来止痛的珍贵中草药时，我们都笑到哭了。)”以及前文可知，文章主要讲述作者父亲种植一些无名种子并长大后把它们当成杂草，后来才知道它们是珍贵的中药。所以D项Innocentgardener(无知的园丁)符合语境。故选D项。CAmethodtotransformacommonlythrown-awayplastictoaresin(树脂)usedin3Dprintingcouldallowmakingbetteruseofplasticwaste,AteamofWashingtonStateUniversityresearchersdevelopedasimpleandefficientwaytotransformpolyacticacid(PLA)(聚乳酸),abio-basedplasticusedinproductssuchasfilament,plasticsilverwareandfoodpackagingtohigh-qualityresin.“Wefoundawaytoimmediatelyturnthisintosomethingthat’sstrongerandbetter,andwehopethatwillprovidepeoplewiththeinspirationtoupcyclethisstuffinsteadofjustthrowitaway,”saidYu-ChungChang,apostdoctoralresearcherintheWSUSchoolofMechanicalandMaterialsEngineeringandaco-correspondingauthoronthework.“Wemadestrongermaterialsjuststraightoutoftrash.Webelievethiscouldbeagreatopportunity.”Althoughit’sbio-based,PLA,whichiscategorizedasanumber7plastic,doesn’tbreaddowneasily.Itcanfloatinfreshorsaltwaterforayearwithoutdegrading(降解).Itisalsorarelyrecycledbecauselikemanyplastics,whenit’smelteddownandre-formed,itdoesn’tperformaswellastheoriginalversionandbecomeslessvaluable.“It’sbiodegradableandcompostable,butonceyoulookintoit,itturnsoutthatitcantakeupto100yearsforittorotawayinalandfill,”Changsaid.“Inreality,itstillcreatesalotofpollution.WewanttomakesurethatwhenwedostartproducingPLAonthemillion-tonsscale,wewillknowhowtodealwithit.”WhiletheresearchersfocusedonPLAforthestudy,theyhopetoapplytheworktopolyethyleneterephthalate(PET)(涤纶树脂),whichismorecommonthanPLAandhasasimilarchemicalstructureandpresentabiggerwasteproblem.Theyhavefiledatemporarypatentandareworkingfurtheroptimize(优化)theprocess.Theresearchersarealsolookingintootherapplicationsfortheupcyclingmethod.8.Whatcanthemethodhelpdoaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Solvefinancialcrisis.B.Changewasteintowealth.C.Controlplasticproduction.D.Determine3Dprintingskills.9.WhatdoesYu-ChungChangthinkofthemethod?A.Promising B.UnrealisticC.Imaginable D.Common10.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofnumber7plastics?A.Invaluabletorecycle. B.Easytodealwith.C.Hardtobreakdown. D.Difficulttosortout.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Applicationsforanupcyclingmethod.B.Abettermethodtobreakdownplastic.C.3Dprintingwithnewlyfoundmaterials.D.Anewwaytoturnplasticintovaluableproducts.〖答案〗8.B9.A10.C11.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了华盛顿州立大学的一组研究人员开发了一种简单而有效的方法，将塑料垃圾中的聚乳酸(PLA)转化为高质量的树脂从而转化为用于3D打印的树脂。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Amethodtotransformacommonlythrown-awayplastictoaresin(树脂)usedin3Dprintingcouldallowmakingbetteruseofplasticwaste(一种将常见的丢弃塑料转化为用于3D打印的树脂的方法可以更好地利用塑料垃圾)”可知，该方法可以将平时丢弃的塑料垃圾转化为3D打印的树脂，即化废物为财富。故选B。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Wemadestrongermaterialsjuststraightoutoftrash.Webelievethiscouldbeagreatopportunity.(我们直接用垃圾做了更坚固的材料。我们相信这将是一个很好的机会。)”可知，Yu-ChungChang认为这种方法是有前途的。故选A。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Althoughit’sbio-based,PLA,whichiscategorizedasanumber7plastic,doesn’tbreaddowneasily.Itcanfloatinfreshorsaltwaterforayearwithoutdegrading(降解).Itisalsorarelyrecycledbecauselikemanyplastics,whenit’smelteddownandre-formed,itdoesn’tperformaswellastheoriginalversionandbecomeslessvaluable.(PLA虽然是生物基的，但被归类为7号塑料，不容易被腐蚀。它可以在淡水或盐水中漂浮一年而不降解。它也很少被回收，因为像许多塑料一样，当它被熔化和重新成型时，它的性能不如最初的版本，变得不那么有价值。)”可知，7号塑料很难被降解。故选C。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Amethodtotransformacommonlythrown-awayplastictoaresin(树脂)usedin3Dprintingcouldallowmakingbetteruseofplasticwaste(一种将常见的丢弃塑料转化为用于3D打印的树脂的方法可以更好地利用塑料垃圾)”以及通读全文可知，文章讲述了华盛顿州立大学的一组研究人员开发了一种简单而有效的方法，将塑料垃圾中的聚乳酸(PLA)转化为高质量从而转化为用于3D打印的树脂，因此文章主要是关于“一种将塑料转化为有价值产品的新方法”，故选D。DWearelivinginanageinwhichdataisstronglyfavored,especiallywhenit’sreportedinthemedia.“BigData”isconsideredevenmorereliableasitconsistsofverylargeamountsofinformation.Percentilesareconsideredhardevidence,eveniftheconclusionsdrawnfromthedatadon’tmeanawholelot.Forexample,“40percentofadultssaytheyuseInstagramandaboutthreeintenreportusingPinterestorLinkedIn,”aPewResearchCentersurveyreportedinApril2021.Isthatalotoralittle?Idon’tknow,butthenumbersareseeminglypresentedasbeingsignificantinsomeway.Meanwhile,unlessanargumentis“data-based”,itisconsideredflimsy.Onemightrepeatedlyseesomethingwithhis/herowneyes,butironically(讽刺地),inthiseraofdata,itmatterslittle.Observationsandanyconclusionsdrawn,evenbyexpertsinarelevantfield,havebeendowngradedto“personalperspectives”,eventhoughtheyarebasedonreal,documentedbehavior.Inshort,ifsomethingispublishedinajournalwithquantitativesupport,itcarriesmuchweight.Ifaculturalanthropologist(人类学家)withaPh.D.reportsaparticulartrendfromfieldresearch,however,itisconsideredashortamusingstorythatmaycomplementthe“real”data-basedstudies.Peoplewanttoknowthe“samplesize”ofculturalresearch,notunderstandingthatvaluableinsightsintohumanbehaviorcanbegainedwithoutmetrics(度量学)andanalytics.Themanyweaknessesassociatedwithquantitativeresearchshouldnotbeignored,either.Therearenumerouswaystodesignastudyandgatherfindings,eachonelikelytoproducedifferentresults.Themovetoonlineresearchhasmadefindingsmuchmorequestionable,asnothinggotfromtheInternetshouldbetakentooseriously.Besides,howquestionsarebothaskedandansweredishighlysubjectiveanddependentonmanyvariables.Whydowelovedatasomuch?Wordsareimpreciseandhavemultiplemeanings,whilenumbersarepreciseanddefinitive,abigreasonwhyweputsomuchfaithandtrustindataregardlessofitssource.Tolegitimize(证明……有理)thispost,notethat88.6percentofwhatI’vesaidistrue.12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthe2021surveyreportedbythePewResearchCenter?A.Itleadstosomeconfusion. B.Ithasmuchscientificvalue.C.Itimpresseshimwiththenumbers. D.Itcontainssomefactualinaccuracies.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“flimsy”meaninparagraph2?A.Professional. B.Interesting. C.Unfriendly. D.Unpersuasive.14.Whatisthelastbutoneparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thepracticalityofonlineresearch.B.Thedisadvantagesofquantitativeresearch.C.Thewidespreadpopularityofonlineresearch.D.Thesignificanceofquantitativeresearchfindings.15.Howdoestheauthorendthetext?A.Bywritingironically. B.Byreferringtoexperts.C.Byprovidingasolution. D.Bymakingaprediction.〖答案〗12.A13.D14.B15.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，作者在文章中批驳了当前的唯数据论现象，分析了人们喜欢数据的原因以及定量研究的缺点。【12题详析】推理判断题。在第一段中“‘BigData’isconsideredevenmorereliableasitconsistsofverylargeamountsofinformation.Percentilesareconsideredhardevidence,eveniftheconclusionsdrawnfromthedatadon’tmeanawholelot.Forexample,‘40percentofadultssaytheyuseInstagramandaboutthreeintenreportusingPinterestorLinkedIn,’aPewResearchCentersurveyreportedinApril2021.Isthatalotoralittle?Idon’tknow,butthenumbersareseeminglypresentedasbeingsignificantinsomeway.(‘大数据’被认为更可靠，因为它包含了大量的信息。百分位数值被认为是确凿的证据，即使从数据中得出的结论并不意味着很多。例如，皮尤研究中心在2021年4月的一项调查显示，‘40%的成年人说他们使用Instagram，大约十分之三的人说他们使用Pinterest或LinkedIn。’这是多还是少?我不知道，但这些数字似乎在某种程度上很重要。)”作者以皮尤研究中心在2021年4月的一项调查结果为例，说明尽管百分位数值被认为是确凿的证据，但是从数据中得出的结论并没有多大意义，对于这项调查结果中所给出的数据在某种程度上似乎很重要，但是作者不清楚这些数字是多还是少；由此可知，作者认为皮尤研究中心2021发布的调查结果会造成一些困惑，人们不清楚里面的数字意味着什么。故选A。【13题详析】词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句“Wearelivinginanageinwhichdataisstronglyfavored,especiallywhenit’sreportedinthemedia.(我们生活在一个数据非常受欢迎的时代，尤其是在媒体报道数据的时候。)”可知在这个数据时代，数据特别受欢迎；由第二段中划线词的下文“Onemightrepeatedlyseesomethingwithhis/herowneyes,butironically(讽刺地),inthiseraofdata,itmatterslittle.Observationsandanyconclusionsdrawn,evenbyexpertsinarelevantfield,havebeendowngradedto‘personalperspectives’,eventhoughtheyarebasedonreal,documentedbehavior.(一个人可能会反复地亲眼看到一些东西，但讽刺的是，在这个数据时代，这已经无关紧要了。观察和得出的任何结论，即使是由相关领域的专家得出的，也被降级为‘个人观点’，即使它们是基于真实的、有记录的行为。)”可知，在这个数据时代，人们亲眼反复看到的东西都不重要，即使是由相关领域的专家基于真实的、有记录的行为观察和得出的任何结论，也会被认为是“个人观点”，作者认为这非常具有讽刺性；由此可推知，划线词所在句“Meanwhile,unlessanargumentis“data-based”,itisconsideredflimsy.(与此同时，除非一个论点是“基于数据的”，否则它被认为是flimsy。)表述的意思是在这个大数据时代，如果一个论点不是以数据为基础，就会被认为不可信，没有说服力；划线词flimsy指“没有说服力的，不可信的”，与unpersuasive“没有说服力的”意思一致。故选D。【14题详析】主旨大意题。文章倒数第二段“Themanyweaknessesassociatedwithquantitativeresearchshouldnotbeignored,either.Therearenumerouswaystodesignastudyandgatherfindings,eachonelikelytoproducedifferentresults.Themovetoonlineresearchhasmadefindingsmuchmorequestionable,asnothinggotfromtheInternetshouldbetakentooseriously.Besides,howquestionsarebothaskedandansweredishighlysubjectiveanddependentonmanyvariables.(与定量研究相关的许多弱点也不应被忽视。设计研究和收集发现的方法有很多，每一种方法都可能产生不同的结果。转向网络研究使得研究结果更加可疑，因为从互联网上得到的任何东西都不应该太当真。此外，如何提问和回答问题是高度主观的，取决于许多变量。)”指出定量研究有许多不应忽视的缺点，多种研究方法会产生不同的结果、基于网络的研究结果也不可靠、提问和回答问题是高度主观的，取决于许多变量；由此可知，倒数第二段主要阐述了定量研究的缺点。故选B。【15题详析】推理判断题。在最后一段“Whydowelovedatasomuch?Wordsareimpreciseandhavemultiplemeanings,whilenumbersarepreciseanddefinitive,abigreasonwhyweputsomuchfaithandtrustindataregardlessofitssource.Tolegitimize(证明……有理)thispost,notethat88.6percentofwhatI’vesaidistrue.(为什么我们如此热爱数据?文字是不精确的，有多种含义，而数字是精确的，明确的，这是我们如此信任数据的一个重要原因，而不管它的来源是什么。为了证明这篇文章有理，请注意我所说的88.6%是真的。)”中作者首先阐述了我们如此热爱信任数据是因为数字是精确的、明确的；文章是一篇驳论文，批驳了当前的唯数据论，作者在结尾时却运用数据（强调文章中所说的88.6%是真的）来为了证明所写的这篇文章有理；作为说理类文章，如何能给出一个确切的关于真实性的数字，因此作者在结尾运用了反讽的写作手法。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。InRussia,guestsalmostreceiveawarmwelcome.Peopleinthecountrygooutoftheirwaytomakesurevisitorshaveeverything.InancientRussia,breadandsaltsymbolizedboomandhealth,sohostswouldputontheirbestclothesandofferbreadtogetherwithsalttotheirguests.____16____Nobreadathomemeansthere’snothingtoeat—nomealdoesn’tincludebread.“Breadisthestaffoflife”isprobablythemostfamousRussianproverb.Today,thereisnoshortageofsaltintheworld.____17____Duringthemid-17thcenturytherisingpriceofsaltledtoriots(暴乱)inMoscow.Thesalttaxwascompletelyabolished(废除)attheendofthe19thcentury—onlyafterwardsdidsaltbecomeaffordable.____18____Accordingtotradition,guestsaregreetedbyladiesinnationalcostumeswithalargeroundloafonatowelwithasaltshakerontop.Theguestsshouldcarefullybreakoffapieceofthebread,dipitinthesaltandeat.____19____Anoldbeliefisthatiftheworstofenemiessharebreadandsalt,theywillreconcile(和解).Intoday’sRussia,thistraditionisstillpopular.Itcanbewitnessedduringofficialreceptions,aswellasinrestaurantspreparedforforeigntourists.____20____Parentsofthenewlywedswelcometheirchildrenwithbreadandsaltaftertheceremony.Thehusbandandwifeshouldbreakoffapieceofbread,dipitinsalt,andfeedeachother.Thisisasignthattheyarereadytoshareanydifficultiesinlifeandalwaystakecareofeachother.A.Itwasbelievedthisgestureexpressedrudeness.B.BreadinRussiacultureisconsideredanimportantthing.C.MostoftenyoucanseethisattraditionalRussianweddings.D.ManyforeignersvisitingRussiahavecomeacrossastrangewelcome.E.Thissignalsthatafriendshiphasbeenformedbetweenthetwoparties.F.ButinancientRussia,itwasratherexpensiveandnoteveryonecouldaffordit.G.That’swhyRussianskeptitforspecialoccasions,likewhentheyreceivedguests.〖答案〗16.B17.F18.G19.E20.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。俄罗斯人用面包和盐作为礼物欢迎客人，尽管看起来很奇怪，但这实际上是俄罗斯古老的传统，用于迎接重要客人，文章阐述了这个仪式背后的原因。【16题详析】由下文“Nobreadathomemeansthere’snothingtoeat—nomealdoesn’tincludebread.“Breadisthestaffoflife”isprobablythemostfamousRussianproverb.(家里没有面包意味着没有东西可吃——没有一顿饭不包括面包。“面包是生命之杖”可能是俄罗斯最著名的谚语。)”可知本段主要阐述面包在俄罗斯的重要性；B选项“BreadinRussiacultureisconsideredanimportantthing.(面包在俄罗斯文化中被认为是很重要的东西。)”指出面包在俄罗斯文化中被认为是很重要的东西，符合语境。故选B。【17题详析】上文“Today,thereisnoshortageofsaltintheworld.(今天，世界上不缺盐。)”指出在现代世界上盐是不缺的；F选项“ButinancientRussia,itwasratherexpensiveandnoteveryonecouldaffordit.(但在古代俄罗斯，它相当昂贵，不是每个人都买得起。)”指出在古代俄罗斯盐非常贵，不是每个人能买得起的，与上文形成对比、转折关系，“Today”与“inancientRussia”相对应；下文“Duringthemid-17thcenturytherisingpriceofsaltledtoriots(暴乱)inMoscow.(17世纪中叶，盐的价格上涨在莫斯科引发了骚乱。)”承接选项F，进一步阐述在古代俄罗斯，盐非常昂贵不是每个人能买得起的。由此可知，F选项符合语境。故选F。【18题详析】上文“Duringthemid-17thcenturytherisingpriceofsaltledtoriots(暴乱)inMoscow.Thesalttaxwascompletelyabolished(废除)attheendofthe19thcentury—onlyafterwardsdidsaltbecomeaffordable.(17世纪中叶，盐的价格上涨在莫斯科引发了骚乱。盐税在19世纪末被完全废除，直到后来人们才买得起盐。)”说明在古代俄罗斯，盐非常昂贵与稀缺，不是每个人都买得起的；G选项“That’swhyRussianskeptitforspecialoccasions,likewhentheyreceivedguests.(这就是为什么俄罗斯人在特殊场合保留它的原因，比如当他们接待客人时。)”承接上文，说明就是因为在古代俄罗斯盐非常珍贵，所以现代俄罗斯人依然在特殊场合保留放置盐的传统，上文与选项G构成因果关系，选项中的“That”指代上文阐述的内容，代词“it”指代“salt”。故选G。【19题详析】上文“Accordingtotradition,guestsaregreetedbyladiesinnationalcostumeswithalargeroundloafonatowelwithasaltshakerontop.Theguestsshouldcarefullybreakoffapieceofthebread,dipitinthesaltandeat.(根据传统，穿着民族服装的女士会用毛巾上的大圆面包迎接客人，毛巾上放着一个盐瓶。客人应该小心地掰下一块面包，蘸盐，然后吃。)”描述了俄罗斯人用面包和盐来迎接客人的传统；E选项“Thissignalsthatafriendshiphasbeenformedbetweenthetwoparties.(这表明双方之间已经建立了友谊。)”承接上文，说明在俄罗斯传统中用面包和盐来迎接客人，客人小心地掰下一块面包蘸盐吃就表明双方建立了友谊；“This”指代上文“carefullybreakoffapieceofthebread,dipitinthesaltandeat”；下文“Anoldbeliefisthatiftheworstofenemiessharebreadandsalt,theywillreconcile(和解).(一个古老的信念是，如果最坏的敌人分享面包和盐，他们就会和解。)”进一步讲述在俄罗斯人传统信念中面包和盐的重要性，分享面包和盐意味着敌对双方和解。故选E。【20题详析】上文“Intoday’sRussia,thistraditionisstillpopular.Itcanbewitnessedduringofficialreceptions,aswellasinrestaurantspreparedforforeigntourists.(在今天的俄罗斯，这一传统仍然很受欢迎：在官方招待会上以及在为外国游客准备的餐馆中都可以看到它。)”指出在正式场合依然可以看到用面包和盐来迎接招待客人；下文“Parentsofthenewlywedswelcometheirchildrenwithbreadandsaltaftertheceremony.Thehusbandandwifeshouldbreakoffapieceofbread,dipitinsalt,andfeedeachother.Thisisasignthattheyarereadytoshareanydifficultiesinlifeandalwaystakecareofeachother.(新婚夫妇的父母在仪式结束后用面包和盐欢迎他们的孩子。丈夫和妻子应该掰下一块面包，蘸盐，然后互相喂食。这表明他们准备分担生活中的任何困难，并承诺永远互相照顾。)”描述了在传统的俄罗斯婚礼上新婚夫妇的父母在仪式结束后用面包和盐欢迎他们的孩子的场景；选项C“MostoftenyoucanseethisattraditionalRussianweddings.(你经常可以在传统的俄罗斯婚礼上看到这种情况。)”指出在俄罗斯传统婚礼中经常可以看到面包蘸盐的习俗，选项中“this”与上文“thistradition”以及“It”一致，指代用面包和盐迎接客人，“traditionalRussianweddings”与下文“thenewlyweds”相照应。由此可知，C选项符合语境。故选C。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ActorAnthonyAndersonhasrealizedadream30yearsinthemaking.The51-year-old____21____aBachelorofFineArtsdegreefromHowardUniversitylastweek.“Itwasalladream!Wordsfailto____22____thefeelingI’mhavingrightnow,”Andersonwroteonasocialmediaplatform.“Myproudestmomentisasenseof____23____-finishingwhatIstartedmanyyearsago.”AndersonfinishedhisjunioryearatHoward30yearsago.____24____somefinancialdifficulties,hehadtoaskfora____25____fromschool.Heworkedhardtomakea____26____.Laterhestartedafamilyandhiscareer____27____.Heplayedthestarringrolesinmanyfilmsandbecamea____28____.Thefollowingyearshewasoccupiedinhisworkanddidn’treturntoschool.Itwassomethinghealwaysfelt____29____about-untilhisson,Nathan,gained____30____toHowardfouryearsago.Thatinspiredhislongingforuniversitystudy,sohewas____31____togobackandfinishhisdegree.“ThisspringIwas____32____abletofinishtheworktograduatefromHowardUniversity,”Andersonsaid.Hemarkeditasa____33____bycallingit“afull-circlemoment”and____34____hisfans,“It’snevertoolate.Thingshappenwhenthey’resupposedtohappen!”Anderson,nowafatheroftwo,plansto____35____hiseducationandgotograduateschoolforamaster’sdegree.21.A.took B.received C.deservedD.held22.A.cause B.give C.describeD.hide23.A.completion B.identity C.purposeD.belonging24.A.Intermsof B.Withregardto C.Onaccountof D.Bycomparisonwith25.A.reward B.favor C.job D.break26.A.fortune B.promotion C.livingD.reputation27.A.tookoff B.startedover C.sloweddownD.pulledup28.A.director B.leader C.singerD.hit29.A.confused B.upset C.anxiousD.regretful30.A.assistance B.admission C.invitationD.permission31.A.willing B.cautious C.determinedD.satisfied32.A.gradually B.eventually C.obviouslyD.temporarily33.A.milestone B.award C.dreamlandD.wonder34.A.warned B.begged C.commandedD.reminded35.A.record B.acquire C.furtherD.finish〖答案〗21.B22.C23.A24.C25.D26.C27.A28.D29.D30.B31.C32.B33.A34.D35.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了演员安东尼·安德森30年前因经济困难休学。四年前他的儿子被他曾经就读的大学录取，安德森受到触动后重返校园，在51岁时完成了学业。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位51岁的年轻人上周拿到了霍华德大学的美术学士学位。A.took携带；B.received拿到；C.deserved应得；D.held持有。根据下文“ThisspringIwas12abletofinishtheworktograduatefromHowardUniversity,”可知，此处表示安德森“拿到”了霍华德大学的美术学士学位。故选B项。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：