高中英语被动语态基础讲解

PassiveVoice1.一般现在时

2.一般过去时3.一般将来时4.一般过去将来时5.现在进行时6.过去进行时7.现在完成时8.过去完成时

9.现在完成进行时Do/doesdidWill/shalldoWould/shoulddoAm/is/aredoingWas/weredoingHave/hasdoneHaddoneHave/hasbeendoing1，现在的状态2.经常习惯的动作3.客观事实4.状语从句表将来5.规定，安排的事1，现在正在进行的动作2.现阶段进行的动作3.用于go，come等表去向的的动词表将来4.与always,constantly连用表示埋怨，称赞1.Begoingto计划，迹象表明2.Betodo职责义务3.Beabouttodo正要做某事4.Bedoing5.祈使句+and/or+一般将来时1.This/itisthefirst/secondtimethat（完成时）2.Itis+形容词最高级+that（完成时）3.Ithasbeen+段时间+since（过去时）过去的过去1.Hadhoped/expected/meant/intended/本来希望、打算做某事2.Hardlyhad+主语+done+whenNosoonerhad+主语+done+than一….就语态时态主动被动一般现在时v./v.sam/is/are+Vp.p一般过去时vedwas/were+Vp.p一般将来时will+v.willbe+Vp.p过去将来时would+v.wouldbe+Vp.p过去完成时had+Vp.phadbeen+Vp.p现在完成时have/has+Vp.phave/hasbeen+Vp.p将来完成时willhave+Vp.pwillhavebeen+Vp.p现在进行时am/is/are+Vingam/is/are+being+Vp.p过去进行时was/were+Vingwas/were+being+Vp.p

语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态动词的主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态动词的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。

英语语态被动语态的构成

workedopenedclosed

seentaught

asked

work

close

openask

seeteache.g.由助动词be

+及物动词的过去分词（V-ed）构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。英语的谓语动词有两种语态WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语宾变主,主变宾,前加by动变被,看清be,结构分别be+pp主动语态被动语态主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语----即动作的承受者They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词

made5.修改原句的主语----即by+主语/宾语.

bythem.

Tom

broke

thewindow.

Thewindow

wasbroken

byTom.

Tom

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byTom.

He

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byhim.

语态时态主动被动一般现在时v./v.sam/is/are+Vp.p一般过去时vedwas/were+Vp.p一般将来时will+v.willbe+Vp.p过去将来时would+v.wouldbe+Vp.p过去完成时had+Vp.phadbeen+Vp.p现在完成时have/has+Vp.phave/hasbeen+Vp.p将来完成时willhave+Vp.pwillhavebeen+Vp.p现在进行时am/is/are+Vingam/is/are+being+Vp.p过去进行时was/were+Vingwas/were+being+Vp.p

Fillintheblankswiththeproperformofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.Thebridge

(build)lastyear.TheOlympicGames

(hold)everyfouryears.Theproblem

(discuss)atthemeetingnow.Hisnewbook

(publish)nextmonth.Theclassroom

(notclean)yet.

wasbuilt

areheldisbeingdiscussed

willbepublished

hasnotbeencleaned

Readtext-1

6.

Themachine

(repair)atthistimeyesterday.7.Shesaidthereport

(type)byLiMeifortwoweeks.8.MissLisaidthebook

(give)tothestudentsthenextmorning.9.BytheendofnexttermtwothousandEnglishwords

(learn).10.Hesaidtheproject.(finish)by2010.wasbeingrepairedhadbeentypedwouldbegiven

willhavebeenlearnedwouldhavebeenfinished

Readtext-2

Whencanweusethepassivevoice?不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。

Mybikewasstolenlastnight.

昨晚我的自行车被偷了。Lettersarecollectedateighteverymorning.

信件每天早晨八点收取。

ThedeskwasmadebyMasterWang.

这张课桌是王师傅做的。

Thebagwastakenawaybyhissister.

那个口袋是她姐姐提走的。2.为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。Article1_popwin_title3.为了更好地安排句子。Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.（一个主语就够了）那个名人一上车就立刻被大家认出来了。Ihaveanewskirt.Itwasgiventomeasabirthdaypresentbymyaunt.我有条新裙子。它是我阿姨送给我作为生日礼物的。4.在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。如：Article2_popwin_radio英语中用主动表被动的几种特殊情况2.某些“be+形容词+todo”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：

连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词(如look,sound,smell,feel,taste等)可用主动表被动：Thebuildinglooksverybeautiful.

这座建筑看上去很美。Hervoicesoundedquitesweet.她的声音听起来非常甜美。Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.

这书很难懂。Themusicisn’tpleasanttolistento.

这音乐不好听。6.在need,want,require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。5.beworth后的动名词要用主动表被动。

Thehouseneedscleaning.房子需要打扫了。Thesechildrenrequirelookingafter.

这些孩子需要照看。Thehouseneedstobecleaned.Thesechildrenrequiretobelookedafter.

Thismovieisworthseeing.

这部影片值得一看。

Theproblemisnotworthdiscussing.

这个问题不值得讨论。

几种值得注意的被动语态变化．１带复合宾语的被动语态结构．（１）makesb.dosth.

sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreen

made

Jim

do

hishomeworkathome.Jim

wasmadetodo

hishomework

byMrGreen

athome.watchlethavehearseenoticeWeoftenhear

themsingthissong.Theyareoftenheardtosingthissong(byus).Thissong

isoftenheard(byus)tobesung(bythem).1).不及物动词没有被动语态。

如：belong,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,等。

*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.

*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike.

不用被动语态的几种情况：不用被动语态的几种情况：2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have/fitIhaveaTVset.Thecoatfitsmewell.3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．不用被动语态的几种情况：4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态这鱼味道很好。这条围巾摸上去很软。Thefish

tastes

good.Thescarf

feels

soft.5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter

4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。这书很好卖。这种布很好洗。Thebook

sells

well.Thiskindofcloth

washesverywell.这书卖完了。Thebook

issold

out.高考题点击：1.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_____.(94N)A.hascompleted B.completes C.hasbeencompleted D.iscompleted2.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_____bythehour.(98N)A.pay B.paying C.paid D.topay说明：集邮册只能被完成，且在before从句中没有将来时，故只能选D。说明：该句的意思为“在大城市中清洁女工的工资通常是按小时支付的。”很明显该用被动语态。DC3.Booksofthiskind_____well.(99上海)A.sell B.sells C.aresold D.issold4.Hundredsofjobs_____ifthefactorycloses.(01北京春)A.lose B.willbelost C.arelost D.willlose说明：sell既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，当用作“销售情况如何”时，sell为不及物动词，故没有被动语态。类似的词还有：wash,translate,write等。说明：losejob为“失业”，job只能被失去，且动作应该发生在将来。AB5.Anewcinema_____here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.(2001北京春季)A.willbebuilt B.isbuilt C.hasbeenbuilt D.isbeingbuilt6.Thenewsuspensionbridge_____bytheendoflastmonth.(2001上海)A.hasbeendesigned B.hadbeendesigned C.wasdesigned D.wouldbedesigned说明：从后句可知电影院应该正在修建。需要注意的是现在进行时态的被动