2025届高考英语一轮总复习非谓语动词教师用书教案北师大版

PAGE12-非谓语动词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Modernmethodsfortrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid­1980s，andareexpensiveto_perform(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.解析：考查动词不定式。本句为主系表结构，后常跟不定式作状语。2．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientistshaverespondedbynoting(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsarehigherthantheyactuallyare.解析：考查非谓语动词。依据空格前的介词by可知，此处应用动名词形式，故填noting。3．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)A90­year­oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”forbeing(be)Britain'soldestfull­timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.解析：考查非谓语动词。for为介词，故其后的动词应用v.­ing形式。4．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplansto_retire(retire)fromher36­year­oldbusiness.解析：考查非谓语动词。依据句意“她没有退休的安排”可知须要用不定式做后置定语修饰plan。5．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenwegotacallsaying(say)shewasshort­listed，wethoughtitwasajoke.解析：考查非谓语动词。结合句意分析句子结构可知________(say)shewasshort­listed作定语修饰前面的名词acall，且与acall之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故运用v.­ing形式。6．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Onourwaytothehouse，itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketo_get(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知howlongitwouldtake...为宾语从句，其中包含着itwouldtakesb.＋时间＋todo结构，表示做某事花费多少时间，故填toget。7．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Youmaydrink，smoke，beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskofdying(die)earlybyrunning.解析：介词后用动词的­ing形式。8．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Iquicklylowermyself，duckingmyheadtoavoidlooking(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged.解析：动词avoid后用动词的­ing形式。9．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Oncehismessagewasdelivered，heal­lowedmeto_stay(stay)andwatch.解析：allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事。10．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal，runnerslivethreeyearslongerthannon­runners.Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlongto_see(see)thebenefit.解析：由句意可知此处运用不定式作目的状语。11．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhilefeeding(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide，”saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.解析：feed与其逻辑主语构成主动关系，故运用­ing形式。12．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequiredto_process(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.解析：requiresb.todosth.要求某人做某事。13．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;byeating(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.解析：by在此处表示“通过”，是介词，后接动词­ing形式作宾语。14．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16­year­oldSarahisnotspendinghalf­termresting(rest)．Instead,sheisearning￡6,500adayasamodelinNewYork.解析：spendtime(in)doing花费时间做某事，为固定句型。15．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantsto_prove(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.解析：依据句子结构可知，此处应当运用不定式作动词want的宾语。16．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Myambassadorialdutieswillincludeintroducing(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120­pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.解析：动名词introducing作include的宾语。Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.manage→managing解析：考查非谓语动词。succeedindoingsth.为固定搭配，表示“在做某事上胜利”，故将succeed改为succeeding。2．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.say→saying解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，say在这里为非谓语动词且与其逻辑主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。3．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.wear→wearing解析：介词后应运用动名词作宾语。4．(全国卷Ⅱ)Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime，heturnedaroundandfoundhisparentsweremissing.looks→looking解析：介词后应运用动名词作宾语。5．(四川卷)We'vebeenspendingalotoftimesinginkaraokebars.sing→singing解析：spendtime(in)doing...为固定句型。6．(浙江卷)Ienjoyedsitclosetothewindowsandlookingattheview.sit→sitting解析：enjoy后经常接动名词作宾语。7．(陕西卷)Oneeveningatsunset,wesatbythefire,haveourbarbecue.have→having解析：句中谓语动词为sat，且句中无连词，故have应当改为现在分词短语作伴随状语。8．(全国卷Ⅱ)Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,whichmightnotbeserveduntil8o'clockatnight.Have→Having解析：谓语动词为provides，依据句子结构可知，其前应当为主语，故用动名词having作主语。eq\a\vs4\al(考点1非谓语动词作状语)1．分词作状语分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、缘由、方式、条件、伴随等状语。(1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主谓关系。Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。(2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是动宾关系。Seriouslyinjured,shehadtobesenttohospitalatonce.由于受伤严峻，须要将她立即送往医院。2．不定式作状语(1)不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、缘由等。ShewassurprisedtoseeGeorgewalkin.看到乔治进来，她很惊异。(2)不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用inordertodo,soastodo,todo等，但soastodo不能置于句首。Inordertopasstheexam,heworkedhard.为了通过考试，他努力学习。(3)作目的状语的动词不定式动作必需是主语发出的。TolearnEnglishwell,hisfatherboughthimadictionary.(×)eq\a\vs4\al(考点2非谓语动词作定语)1．不定式作定语不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系或同位关系。Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.(主谓关系)她总是第一个到，最终一个离开。Haveyougotalettertowrite？(动宾关系)你有一封信要写吗？DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteinEnglish？(同位关系)你有用英语读写的实力吗？2．分词作定语(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式为doing,beingdone和done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用beingdone；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时，用过去分词。Ihaveneverseenamoremovingfilm.我没看过比这个更令人感动的电影。Thehousesbeingbuiltarefortheteachers.正在建的房子是给老师的。ThebrokenglassisTom's.这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done，doing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成。boilingwater正沸腾的水boiledwater开水3．动名词作定语动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。awalkingstick＝astickforwalking手杖asleepingcar＝acarforsleeping卧铺车eq\a\vs4\al(考点3非谓语动词作宾语补足语)1．不定式作宾语补足语(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask,want,invite,get,force,expect,allow,persuade,order,warn,remind,prefer,cause,permit,forbid,advise,teach等。Fatherwillnotallowustoplayinthestreet.父亲不允许我们在街上玩耍。(2)下列动词接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感(feel)，二听(hear,listento)，三让(let，have,make)，五看(see,notice,observe,watch,lookat)，半帮助(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。Nobodysawhimcomein.(主动语态)没人望见他进来。Thethiefwasobservedtoenterthebank.(被动语态)有人望见小偷进了银行。2．分词作宾语补足语(1)感官动词see,watch,observe,lookat,listento,notice及keep和find等词可跟分词作宾语补足语，现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系；过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系。Isawhimenteringthebank.(him与enter之间为逻辑上的主谓关系)我望见他正向银行里走。Isawhimoperatedon.(him与operate之间为逻辑上的动宾关系)我望见(有人)给他做了手术。(2)have,get后可接现在分词或过去分词作宾语补足语。Theyhadthefireburningallnight.(burn动作始终在进行)他们让火整夜烧着。Iwillhavemybikerepairedtomorrow.(让别人去修)明天我要请人帮我修一下我的自行车。eq\a\vs4\al(考点4非谓语动词作宾语)1．动词不定式作宾语(1)常跟不定式作宾语的动词：decide,determine,learn,want,expect,hope,wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask,beg,afford,happen,wait,threaten等。Weagreedtomeetattheschoolgate.我们一样同意在校门口见面。(2)动词tell,show,understand,know,explain,teach,learn,advise等常接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语。Pleasetellmewhentostarttheproject.请告知我何时起先这个项目。(3)在某些动词如find,think,consider,feel,make,believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最终加不定式作真正的宾语。Wethinkitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.我们认为爱护环境是我们的责任。2．动名词作宾语(1)常跟动名词作宾语的动词：consider(考虑),suggest,advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardon,admit,delay,fancy(想象，设想),avoid,miss,keep,practice,deny,finish,enjoy,appreciate,forbid,imagine,risk,can'thelp,mind,allow,permit,escape等。Hetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。(2)由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有be/getusedto(习惯于),lookforwardto(期盼),feellike(想要),insiston(坚持),getdownto(起先仔细做某事),devote...to...(致力于……),objectto(反对),stickto(坚持),giveup(放弃)等。It'stimeIgotdowntothinkingaboutthatessay.我该仔细思索一下那篇论文了。(3)下列动词或词组既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区分：meantodosth.准备做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事forgettodosth.遗忘去做某事(未做)forgetdoingsth.遗忘做过某事(已做)regrettodosth.对即将做的事表示缺憾(未做)regretdoingsth.对做过的事表示懊悔(已做)trytodosth.尽力去做某事trydoingsth.试着做某事goontodosth.接着做另一件事goondoingsth.接着做原来做的事remembertodosth.记着去做某事(未做)rememberdoingsth.记着做了某事(已做)eq\a\vs4\al(考点5非谓语动词作主语及表语)1．动词不定式作主语不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语，即动词不定式移到句子的后面。It'sagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。[名师指津]在“Itis/was＋adj.＋for/ofsb.todosth.”结构中：若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind,nice,foolish等词，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。Itisgenerousofhimtocontributesomuch.他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。Itwasimportantforustolivealow­carbonlife.过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。2．动名词作主语下列句型中常用动名词作主语：①Itis/wasawaste(of...)/nouse/nogooddoingsth.②Thereis/wasnosense/nopoint(in)doingsth.Itisnogoodcomingbeforethat.在那之前来没有用。Thereisnosense(in)worryingaboutitnow.现在大可不必为那件事忧虑。3．不定式与动名词作表语不定式表示某一次详细的、特定的或有待实现的动作，而动名词表示通常的状况。MydreamistoenterBeijing我的幻想是考入北京高校。MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.我的工作是教你们英语。4．分词作表语表示事物的特征或性质时，表语用现在分词；表示人的内心感受时，表语用过去分词。Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightening.请描述一只令人胆怯 的狗。Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightened.请描述一只惊恐的狗。eq\a\vs4\al(考点6独立主格结构)独立主格结构的几种形式：1．名词/代词(主格)＋非谓语动词Weatherpermitting,weshallplaythematchtomorrow.(permit的逻辑主语是weather而非we)明天假如天气好，我们就进行竞赛。Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard.(fix的逻辑主语是hiseyes而非he)他上课用心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。Manytreestobeplanted,ournewly­builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.(plant的逻辑主语是manytrees而非ournewly­builtschool)种上很多的树后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。2．名词/代词(主格)＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语Thestudentswerehavingadiscussion,theirfaces(being)redwithexcitement.学生们正在探讨，因为激烈，他们的脸都红了。Theboycamein,swordinhand.男孩走进来，手里握着剑。[名师指津]在“名词(或代词)＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，为使句子简洁、明快，独立主格结构中的冠词和形容词性物主代词也常省略。3．with/without＋宾语(名词/代词)＋宾语补足语(形容词/副词/介词短语/非谓语动词)几乎全部的独立主格结构都可在其逻辑主语前加上with/without，构成with/without复合结构。Withoutanyonenoticing,Istoleintotheroom.没有人留意，我偷偷地溜进了屋。eq\a\vs4\al(考点7非谓语动词的时态和语态)1．动词不定式的时态和语态形式意义主动语态被动语态一般式与句子谓语动词的动作同时发生或在谓语动词的动作之后发生todotobedone进行式在谓语动词的动作发生时正在进行tobedoing完成式在谓语动词的动作之前发生tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式发生在谓语动词的动作之前并且持续到谓语动词的动作发生时仍在进行tohavebeendoingTheboypretendedtobestudyinghardwhenhisteachercamein.当老师进来的时候，那个男孩假装正在学习。Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.明天要实行的会议很重要。2．动名词和现在分词的时态和语态形式意义主动语态被动语态一般式与谓语动词的动作同时或稍后发生doingbeingdone完成式先于谓语动词的动作完成havingdonehavingbeendoneDoyoulikeplayingchess?你喜爱下棋吗？Shewaspleasedthattheteacherwasn'tangrywithherforherhavingbeensorude.她很高兴老师没有因为她的无礼而生气。Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。3．非谓语动词的主动语态表示被动意义(1)不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。Thisbookisdifficulttounderstand.这本书很难理解。(2)动词need,want,require作“须要”讲时，后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可跟不定式的被动结构；beworth后也用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。Yourpaperneedschecking/tobecheckedagain.你的试卷须要再检查一遍。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Aswithmanyyoungmen,Mikejoinshisfriendsinplaying(play)footballontheschoolplaygrounduntildinnertime.2．Aboutacenturyyearsago,akindandimaginativeministercameupwithanideatohaveabuoy(浮标)fastened(fasten)totherock.3．Withtheireyesclosed(close)，youwillbesurprisedhowitchangedsomepeople.4．Aboveall,Ihavecometounderstandthatbringing(bring)happinesstoothersisgettingourselveshappiness.5．Oneday,thegirlreceivedaphonecall,saying(say)themanwasill.6．“Hey,donkey，”thegoatsaidoneday.“Ithinkyoudotoomuchworkonthisfarm.Youcarrysuchheavythingsfrommorningtonight.Whydon'tyoupretendto_get(get)sicksoyoucantakeadayoff？”7．TheotherdaymyfriendsandIwereeatinginthecafeteriaandIsawherwalking(walk)around.8．IwasinanelevatoryesterdayandsawRobinDrexel,thefamousmoviestar!Ijuststoodthere,frozen(freeze).Icouldn'tsayaword.9．Besides,theWallStreetJournalhasalsoborrowed“dama”fromtheChinesepinyinto_describe(describe)bargain­huntingmiddle­agedChinesewomen,callingthem“aforceintheglobalgoldmarket”．10．Doctorsadvisewashingyourhandsoftenwithsoapandavoiding(avoid)eatingbats,andbushmeatorwildmeat.Ⅱ.单句改错1．OnedayIwasonthephonetoafemalepatient,gooverthedetailsofanappointment.go→going2．Wedecidedtostayforaweek;lefthomeforthefirsttimemademesohappy.Iwaslikeabird,flyinginthesky,breathingthefreeair.left→leaving3．Besides,lackparkinglotsisanotherbigproblem.lack→lacking4．Havehadlunch,wewillvisitalocalmuseumaswellasanoldtemple.Have→Having5．I,togetherwithmytwofriends,waseatingdinnerataChineserestaurant,locatinginthecenterofNewYork.locating→located6．Mymothertookmeseethedoctor.me后加to7．It'stimeformetogoingtomyrealhome—itwasinBeijing.going→go8．TheykeepadogcallingAhBao.calling→called9．IsteppedoutsidetofindDextersitnexttomyelderlyneighborwhohadfallen.sit→sitting10．Heardthis,allofusweremovedtotears.Heard→HearingⅢ.用所给动词的适当形式填空BuyingbooksontheInternetisagreatway__1__(save)timeandmoney.Onlinebookstoresoffernewbooksand__2__(use)booksthatcansaveyoualotofmoney.What'smore,theyarefarbetter__3__(compare)totraditionalbookstoresastheyoffermuchbroaderkindsofbooks.Youcaneitherclickthekindofe­booksonlineortypethebooktitleandgetitinseconds.Anotheradvantageof__4__(shop)onlineisthatyoucanalsoreadthebookreviewsaswellasreaders'reviewstogetanideawhetherthebookisworth__5__(buy).Onlinebookstoresoffergreatdiscounts,whichisabigattractionforbooklovers.Forbooklovers,itismostimportant__6__(get)booksintime.Therefore,youneedtofindareliableonlinebookstorethatwillbeabletoprovidefastdeliveries.Herearesometipstousewhen__7__(select)anonlinebookstore.Someonlinebookstoresarepopularforfictionbooks;somearefornon­fictionbooksornovels,etc.__8__(understand)theirspecializationwillhelpyoutogettherightkindsofbooksintime.Checkwhetheryouwillbebuyingthebooksfromathird­partysellerordirectlyfromthewebsites.Neverjumpatstoresthatoffercheapprices,asbookssoldatsuchalowpricecouldbeinverybadcondition.1．to_save2.used3pared4.shopping5．buying6.to_get7.selecting8.UnderstandingⅣ.语法填空ChinahasbeenselectedtohosttheWorldSkillsCompetitioninShanghaiin2024,aneventithopestouseforbuildingastrongerteamofskilledworkersnationwideandtoimproveinternational__1__(exchange)intechnicalskills.Hostingtheeventwillhelpguidethewholesociety__2__(respect)thespiritofskilledworkmanship.Itwillalsohelpcreate__3__socialatmosphereofrespectinglaborandadmiringskill.Chinahas165millionskilledworkers,including47.9millionwhoareclassedashighlyskilled.Theywerefirstclassifiedbythegovernmentin2003.They__4__(include)asoneofthemajorState­leveltalentgroupsalongwiththeoreticalscientistsin2024,__5__(mark)asignificantriseintheirsocialstatus.China's__6__(early)modernskillstrainingcandatebacktotheQingDynasty.Itwasin1866__7__theFoochowShipbuildingInstitutioninFujianprovincewasestablished.In1978,theadoptionofthereformadopening­uppolicyhighlightedashortageof__8__(talent)technicians.Asaresult,thenumberofstudentsattechnicalinstitutesrosesharply.Morerecently,technicaleducation__9__(receive)greatersupportfromthecentralgovernmenttohelpshapethenation'sproducingpower.Everyyear,morethan100m