暑假作业09重点语法分词(单句语法填空语篇语法填空)(原卷版)

暑假作业09分词(单句语法填空+语篇语法填空)一、分词时态和语态种类形式主动被动分词现在分词一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone过去分词一般式done(vi.)表完成done(vt.)表被动与完成二.分词基本用法1.作表语动词ing形式和动词ed形式可以在句中作表语，说明主语的特征或者状态，动词ing形式还可以表示主语所指的内容。Shefeltverydepressedaboutthefuture.她感到前途无望。Thebookwassointerestingthathealmostforgotthetime.这本书太有趣了，他几乎忘记了时间。Herparttimejobisteachingyogainaschool.她的兼职工作是在一所学校教瑜伽。【易混辨析】动词ing形式与动词ed形式作表语的区别动词ing形式表示事物自身具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”。如：interesting令人感兴趣的；exciting令人激动的；disappointing令人失望的；encouraging令人鼓舞的；confusing令人费解的；pleasing令人愉快的；puzzling令人迷惑的；satisfying令人满意的；moving令人感动的动词ed形式表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的”。interested感到有趣的；excited感到激动的；disappointed感到失望的；encouraged感到鼓舞的；confused感到费解的；pleased感到愉快的；puzzled感到迷惑的；satisfied感到满意的；moved感到感动的注意：某些动词的过去分词可用来修饰名词look，expression，face等。如：asurprisedlook一个惊讶的表情；atiredface一张疲倦的脸；adiscouragedexpression一个沮丧的表情。2.作定语形式用法现在分词当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时Theparkwasfullofpeopleenjoyingthemselvesinthesunshine.公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。过去分词当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。Theplayersselectedfromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。being+过去分词当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(2)不及物动词的分词形式形式用法现在分词现在分词表示动作正在进行；fallingleaves正在下落的叶子过去分词过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。fallenleaves落叶3.作状语形式用法现在分词现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。TranslatedintoEnglish，thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.＝WhenthesentencewastranslatedintoEnglish，itwasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.(分词作时间状语)当这个句子被译成英语时，人们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。(2)作原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。②Defeatedbyhisdeskmate，hefeltdiscouraged.＝Becausehewasdefeatedbyhisdeskmate，hefeltdiscouraged.(分词作原因状语)由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。Givenanotherhour，Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.＝IfI’mgivenanotherhour，Icanalsoworkouttheproblem.(分词作条件状语)如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。(4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina，makingitmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。【温馨提示】作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。Mygrandfatherphonedme，askingmetoetohisflatassoonaspossible.＝Mygrandfatherphonedme，andheaskedmetoetohisflatassoonaspossible.爷爷给我打，要求我尽快去他的公寓。Absorbedinhisbook，hedidn’tnoticetheteacherentertheclassroom.专心于读书，他没注意到老师进入教室。(过去分词作状态)注意某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。【拓展延伸】①独立成分：有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。熟记的有：judgingfrom/by...根据……来判断；generallyspeaking一般来说；seeing.../given...考虑到……；frankly/honestlyspeaking坦白地/老实说；paredto/with...与……相比；totellyouthetruth说实话；considering.../oconsideration/account考虑到……Judgingfromhisaccent，heisfromsouth.从口音判断，他是南方人。Generallyspeaking，theruleisveryeasytounderstand.一般来说，这条规则很容易懂。②独立主格结构：名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式；结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系；Muchworktodotonight(＝Astherewillbemuchworktodotonight)，wecan’tgotoseethefilm.今晚有很多活要干，我们不能去看电影。(相当于as引导的状语从句)Hewaslyingonthegrass，hishandscrossedunderhishead(＝andhishandswerecrossedunderhishead).他头枕着交叉的双手躺在草地上。(相当于and引导的并列句)4.作宾语补足语(1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，lookat，notice，hear，listento，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：see+宾语+eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(doingsth,看见……正做……,dosth,看见……做了……))⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(beingdone看见……,正在被做,done看见……被做))⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))(2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况：①make+宾语+eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(do让……做……⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),done让……被做⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))②let+宾语+eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(do让……做……⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),bedone让……被做⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))Don’tletyourchildplaywithmatches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。③have+宾语+eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth让……做某事,doingsth\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(使……持续,做某事))))⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),\a\vs4\al\co1(done使……被做)⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))【注意】havesbdoingsth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。④get+宾语+eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth使……做,doingsth使……开始做))\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),done使……被做⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))3.动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况(1)leaveeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb/sthdoingsth,让某人/物一直,处于某种状态)⇒\x(\a\vs4\al\co1(宾语与宾补之间是,逻辑上的主动关系，,表示动作正在进行)),\a\vs4\al\co1(sthundone,留下某事未做)⇒\x(\a\vs4\al\co1(宾语与宾补之间是,逻辑上的被动关系，,表示被动和完成，,宾补一般多为undone，,unfinished，unsettled，,untouched，etc.)),\b\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(sbtodosth让某人去做某事,sthtobedone留下某事要做))⇒\x(\a\vs4\al\co1(动词不定,式表示将,来的动作))))(2)keepeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb/sthdoingsth让某人/物一直做某事,\a\vs4\al\co1(sb/sthdone使某人/物被……)⇒\x(表示被动且完成，或表示状态)))(3)findeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sbdoing发现某人正在做……,sb/sthdone\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(发现某人/物,已经……)),sb/sthtobe...\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(发现某人/物……))))⇒eq\x(\a\vs4\al\co1(表示,完成,或状态))(4)(4)with+宾语+eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(形容词/副词,介词短语表方式或伴随状态,现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动,不定式表将来))BackfromhistwoyearmedicalserviceinAfrica，DrLeewasveryhappytoseehismothertakengoodcareofathome.从非洲医疗服务两年回来后，李医生十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。Hehadthelightburningallnight，whichmadehisparentsveryangry.他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。Shegotherbikerunningveryfast.她把自行车骑得飞快。Helayonthegrasswithhiseyeslookingatthesky.他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。Withhishaircut，helookedmuchyounger.理了发，他看起来年轻多了。单句语法填空1.Theman_______(stand)therewithabookinhishandismyEnglishteacher.2._______(conduct)hisexperimentonastormydayin1752,Franklinprovedlightningwasreallyjustelectricity.3._______(deliver)thepackagetothecustomer,thedeliverymanstoppedtohavelunch.4.Iwilldownloadtheapplicationandgetit_______(run).5.Amyrosetoherfeet,withtearsofsheerjoy_______(stream)downhercheeks.6._______(go)backtoWalterScott’slines,wemayfindevenwhitelieshaveresultswecannotknowinadvance.7.TodayI’vebeenphotographingacrocodile_______(swim)closetoourboat.8.Thenationalparkhasalotofwildlife,_______(range)fromtigerstoelephants.9.Thevolunteergroupwasquicklyreducedinsizeneartheendofthetask,_______(appear)entirelywithinacoupleofmonths.10.Youcansoonfeelthedetermination—aqualityBeethovenunderstoodwellbecauseofhishearingdifficulties—_______(course)throughthemusic.11._______(inspire)byreallife,theauthorwroteabookcalledGuidelinesandTipsforResidents’Behavior.12.Dressedinherfineclothes,theadorablegirlsuccessfullymadeherself_______(notice)intheparty.13.Heworkedaroundtheclockandgothiswork_______(plete)aheadoftime.14._______bygreenrollinghillsandbeautifullakes,theislandlooksamazing.(surround)15.Ryanhadtroublebelievingthewords_______(speak)byhisteacherthatmanypeopleindevelopingAfricancountriescouldn’tgetenoughcleanwater.16.Tofigureoutiflightingwasaformofelectricity,Franklinraisedakiteonastormydaywithametalkey_______(attach)toit.17.MedogCounty,_______(hide)deepintheHimalayas,islocatedinthesoutheastofTibet.18.Thepoorladyhadhermoney_______(steal)onthebuswheninghome.19.Thatallchangedin1988whenhiswifeGretefounda_______(forget)journalathome.20.Peoplehavegivenanew3Dprintedshelltoaturtle_______(injure)inaforestfire.21.Wewillhaveapicnicinthepark,weather_______(permit).22.Thesournessofamomentearlierwasgone,awarmthandgratitude_______(replace)it.23.Weather_______(permit),weplantoorganizeapicnicintheparkthisweekend.24.ButBeethovencontinuedconducting,hishead_______(bury)inthescore.25.Withallthewalls_______(paint)withbrightcolors,theroomlooksratherlively.26.Withmorenaturalresources_______(run)out,thecarefortheenvironmentisbeingmoreandmoreimportant.27.Thesalesgirlrushedintotheroom,onlytofindthecasewiththeletterinit_______(force)open.28.Thepeacefullandscapeisatruefeastfortheeyes,withitsrollinggreenhills_______(dot)withsheepandcattle.29.Icouldn’tgotoseethefilm,withalotofwork_______(do).30.Themeetingroomisquite_______,withalotofpeople_______init.31.Atthestartofthisyear,foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto4.56millionofatotalpopulationof60.6million,or7.5percent,withimmigrants’children_______(account)foraneverlargerpercentageofbirthsinItaly.32.Withnight_______(approach),theboyfeltfrightenedinthewoods.33.Thisitemistheperfectexampleof_______(bine)artandscience.34.Newwords_______(explain),thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.35.Iusuallyhavefastfood_______(deliver)tomyoffice.36.Programmes,_______(design)tojointheoldandtheyoungtogether,aregrowinginpopularityallovertheworld.37.Nowadays,consumersprefertoshoponlineandhavetheirgoods_______(deliver)totheirdoor.38.When_______(plete),thetaskwouldbemadepublic.39.TheInternetkeepsus_______(inform)ofthelatestnewsandalsoprovidesentertainmentforusathome.40.Themoney_______(donate)totheProjectHopeisusedtohelpthechildreninpoorareas.41.Herefusedtoaccept_______(donate)moneyanddecidedtomakemoneybyhimself.42.Ithinkthedictionary_______(publish)thisyearisworthyofbeingbought.43.I’dlikeyoutolookatastudy_______(conduct)inAustraliain2020.44.Thefishermanreturnedfromthesea,hisboat_______(fill)withplentyoffish.45._______(intend)toenrichstudents’schoollife,ourprogramfeaturesthefunofEnglish.46.Hewasstandingtherecuriously，withhiseyes_______(focus)ontheexperiment.47.Theprofessor_______(invite)togivealectureabouttraditionalChinesecultureisfromPekingUniversity.48.Hefoundtwopots,each_______(wrap)innewspaper.49.Graffitiiswritings,drawingsormarks_______(make)onwallsinpublicplaces.50._______(judge)tobethebestplayer,hewasawardedagoldmedal.语篇语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Passage1LastOctoberIlefttheUKbehindandjoinedGillottsSchoolontheirrugbyandhockeytourinsunnyItaly.ItwasmyfirsttimeawayonasportstourandIcouldnothaveenjoyedit1(much)!Fivedaysofsports,betweentrainingandmatcheswithItalianplayers,butalsoplenty2timeforsightseeingandfreemomentstoenjoyanicecreaminthesun.3ourflighthadlandedinMilan,wegotonourcoachanddroveforacoupleofhourstowardsourhomefortheweek,theHotelSanZeno,a4(fort),familyrunacmodation,withasplendidviewofLakeGarda.Startingthedaywithaselfledtraining,enjoyingaboattouronthelake,wanderingalongthestreetsofSirmioneforafewhoursandheadingoff5(play)asport—thesearejustafew6(example)ofthekindofadventuresyoucouldbehaving!Thegirlsandboysonthistourseemedtoenjoy7(they)thoroughly,especiallyafterwinningALLoftheirgames!Ifoundmyself8(cheer)themonlikeaproudauntandcelebratingafterwardswithfood,drinkandsocialtime,hostedbyrugbyclubsaftermatches.Onthelastdayweheadedbackto9airport,butnotbeforestoppinginMilan!We10(pay)avisittotheSanSiromuseumandenjoyedastadiumtourbeforemovingontoMilancitycentreforanafternoonofshopping.Passage2China’sspaceexplorationhasbeenhelpingunlockadeeperunderstandingoftheuniverse,fromEarthtothemoon;fromMars11theinfiniteuniverse.WangYapinghasbeethefirstChinesewoman12(perform)aspacewalk.Wang’sdreamofbeing13astronautwasinspiredbyYangLiwei’s2003spaceflight.In1997,Wangwasencouragedtoregisterforthepilotrecruitment(征募)programbyherclassmates.Thankstoher14(strong)andabilitytostaycalmunderpressure,Wangpassedallthetests.Wangrealizedherspacedreamin2013aspartoftheShenzhou10mission.Duringhermission,she15(teach)China’sfirstlivephysicslessonfromspace.In2020,ateamofChineseuniversitystudents16(specialize)inaerospace,art,architecture17musictranslatedcosmic(宇宙的)raysintomusic,someof18saidtheyhadwatchedWang’slivespacelecturewhentheywereteenagers.Sofar,China19(make)remarkableachievementsinpursuitoftheaerospacedreamandwillmakesteadierstepsin20(it)futurespaceexploration.Passage3RitchAddisonwasashykid.Inelementaryschool,hedidn’tspeakupforhimself,andheworriedalot.Butoncehewenttohighschool,hemadeuphismind21(develop)asenseofhumortomakemorefriends.Hisnewapproachworkedandhe22(start)tobeeknownforhisjokes—likethetimehemadefun23aclassmate’spoorscoreonamathtest.“ItturnedoutthatIhadgottenahundredonthetestandhedidn’tdosowell,”Addisonrecalled.“AndIjokedheartlesslyaboutit.”Thenoneday,hisgoodfriend,Holly,pulledhimasideandsaid,“Ritch,sometimesyoureallyhurt24(people)feeling.”Addison25(shock).Hehadalwaysseenhimselfastheonewhomadehisfriendslaugh.Hecouldn’timaginethathemightbehurtingthem.“ButIkeptthinkingaboutwhatHollysaid.Finally,Irealizedthatshewas26(absolute)right.Istartedpayingattentionto27otherpeoplewasreactingtomyhumor,”hesaid.Itcouldn’thappenovernight,28.“Overtheyears,Iworkedon29(be)morepassionate(同理心的)towardthepeoplearoundmesinceIwantedtohave30differentkindofrelationshipwiththem,”hesaid.Passage431themostprosperousandpowerfuldynastyinthehistoryofChina’sfeudal(封建的)society,theTangEmpire(618907)wassofamousintheworldthatforeignerscalltheoverseasChinesepeople“theTangpeople”,theareas32theylive“Chinatowns”andtheclothestheywear“Tangzhuang”(Tangsuit).33

(refer)toas“Tangzhuang”,theTangsuithastwovarietiesinChineseculture.OneistheauthenticTangeraclothesevolvingfromhanfu,34(give)afree,easyandelegantimpression;35otheristheManchumale’sjacketdevelopingfrommaguaoftheQingDynasty.AtypicaldesignofaTangsuitemploystheChinesecharacters,suchasFu(literallymeaninghappinessinChinese)andShou(literallymeaninglongevityinChinese)36(express)goodfortuneandbestwishes,whichare37(extrem