高中英语北师大版必修三UNIT 9 Period 5　Lesson 3 The Secrets of YourMemory-Reading Comprehension

Period5Lesson3TheSecretsofYourMemory—ReadingComprehensionⅠ.匹配单词1．memoriseA．togainsthbyyourownefforts，abilityorbehavior2．recommend B．tolearnsthcarefullysothatyoucanrememberitexactly3．sufficient C．toproduceabook，magazine，etc.andsellittothepublic4．acquire D．totellsbthatsomethingisgoodoruseful，orthatsbwouldbesuitablefora particularjob5．publish E．aparticularwayofdoingsth，especiallyoneinwhichyouhavetolearn specialskills6．technique F．enoughforaparticularpurpose;asmuchasyouneed答案1.B2.D3.F4.A5.C6.EⅡ.选词填空eq\x(comeacross，lookup，catchon，apartfrom，takeiteasy)1．MymotheradvisedmetotakeiteasybeforeIenteredtheclassroomtohaveatest.2．Apartfromthefamouspainting，therearesomeinterestingolddiagramsonthewall.3．Shewassoabsorbedinhernovelthatshedidn’tlookupwhenherteacherentered.4．Whenreadingarticlesrelatedtoscience，weoftencomeacrosssomeunfamiliarwords.5．TheorganiserrepeatedhisquestionsseveraltimesbutIstillcouldn’tcatchon.Step1速读——整体理解文意Ⅰ.明文章大意Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Differentkindsofmemory.B．Thesecretsofmemory.C．Somequestionsaboutmemory.D．Thewaystoimprovememory.答案BⅡ.悉层次结构Matcheachparagraphwithitsmainidea.(1)Para.1A．Thesharpestlossofmemoryoccursduringtheveryearlyperiodafterlearning.(2)Para.2B．Ourmemoryreachesitsfullpowerattheageof25.(3)Para.3C．Nobodyhasprovedtohaveaphotographicmemory.(4)Para.4D．Werememberthingsthathavestrongconnectionsinourmind，especiallyemotionalconnections.答案(1)D(2)C(3)A(4)BStep2细读——逐段获取细节Ⅰ.Readpara.1anddothefollowingexercises.1．Whenweremembersomethingnew，trytoconnectitto.A．ourhobbies B．ourtrainingC．ouremotions D．ourthoughts答案C2．DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareT(true)orF(false)andcorrectthefalseinformation.(1)Weremembercertaineventsinourchildhood，becauseweexperiencedmanyofthemforthefirsttime，andwefeltstronglyaboutthematthetime.()(2)Whenwetellastorymanytimes，weforgetimportantdetails.()答案(1)T(2)F；Whenwetellastorymanytimes，wecanrememberitclearly.3．WhatadvicedoesJemimaGryaznovprovideforquestion1?答案Weneedtomakestrongconnectionswiththingswewanttorememberinourmind，especiallyemotionalconnections.Ⅱ.Readpara.2anddothefollowingexercises.1．Whocanrememberthefirst22,514digitsofpi(π)?A．StephenWiltshire.B．DanielTammet.C．JemimaGryaznov.D．HermannEbbinghaus.答案B2．WhydoesthewritergivetheexamplesofDanielTammetandStephenWiltshire?A．Toprovesomepeoplehavephotographicmemories.B．Toshowustheyarebothgoodatmemorisingfigures.C．Toshowtheyarebothgoodatrememberingparticularthingsforalimitlesstime.D．Toprovethatsomepeoplehaveamazingmemories.答案DⅢ.Readpara.3anddothefollowingexercises.1．IfTonyhaslearntapassage，duringwhichtimeshouldhereviewittogetefficientmemory?A．Thefirstday. B．Fivedayslater.C．Oneweeklater. D．Immediately.答案A2．Whatshouldwedotoremembertheinformationwehavelearnt?答案Weneedtoreviewtheinformationatregularintervals，especiallyinthefirstdayafterlearningit.Ⅳ.Readpara.4anddothefollowingexercises.1．Whohasthebestmemory?A．Georgeattheageof16.B．MissYoungattheageof27.C．MrYangattheageof25.D．Dr.Liattheageof40.答案C2．Howmanybraincellsdowelosebytheageof40?A．1,000. B．100,000.C．1000,000. D．10,000.答案D3．Howdoestheauthordevelopthisparagraph?A．Bylistingexamples.B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Bylistingnumbers.D．Bycitingfamousquotes.答案CⅤ.Readthewholepassageagainanddothefollowingexercises.1．Whatisthetypeofthepassage?A．Narration(记叙文)．B．Argumentativeessay(议论文)．C．Expositorywriting(说明文)．D．Practicalwriting(应用文)．答案C2．Whichsectionofanewspaperdoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A．Entertainment. B．Biology.C．Health. D．Career.答案B3．TheexperthasusedsomemethodstomakeherstatementsconvincingEXCEPT.A．examples B．quotesC．comparisons D．graphs答案CStep3读后——讨论深度理解1．Whyarechildhoodmemoriesoftenveryemotional?(Criticalthinking)2．Supposeoneofyourfriendshassomedifficultiesinmemorisingwhathehaslearnt.Canyougivehimsometipsforimprovinghismemory？(Creativethinking)Step4总结——课文语法填空Werememberthingsthathavestrongconnectionsinourmind，especially1.emotional(emotion)connections.Soitisimportanttoconnectsomethingnewwith2.whatwealreadyknow.Also，wecantrytoretellwhatwehavelearnttoafewothers.Apersonwithaphotographicmemorycouldremembereverydetailofapicture，abookoraneventmany3.years(year)later，butnoonehasprovedthattherearepeople4.who/thatreallyhavephotographicmemories.Sowesimplyneedtofocusontheimportantideasandbecuriousaboutwhatwelearnwhen5.memorising(memorise)detailedlearningmaterials.AccordingtoEbbinghaus，thesharpest6.loss(lose)ofmemoryoccursduringtheveryearlyperiodafterlearning.Therefore，oneofthegoldenrulestoincreasehowmuchweremember7.is(be)toreviewthematerial8.periodically(periodical)，especiallyduringthefirstdayafterlearning.Ourmemoryreachesitsfullpower9.attheageof25.Afterthisage，thebrainstartstogetsmaller.Bymiddleage，ourmemoryissignificantly10.worse(bad)thanwhenwewereyoung.Step5解读——长句难句分析1．Thisisbecausewhenweexperiencethingsforthefirsttime，weoftenhavestrongfeelingsoffearorexcitement.[句式分析]本句是主从复合句。because引导的是表语从句，其中when引导时间状语从句。[自主翻译]这是因为我们第一次经历事物时，常常会产生强烈的恐惧感或者兴奋感。2．Apersonwithaphotographicmemorycouldremembereverydetailofapicture，abookoraneventmanyyearslater，butnoonehasprovedthattherearepeoplewhoreallyhavephotographicmemories.[句式分析]本句是并列主从复合句。but连接两个并列分句，第一个分句中with短语作后置定语，修饰aperson；第二个分句中的that引导宾语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰people。[自主翻译]拥有照相记忆能力的人多年后仍旧可以记住某一张图片、某本书或者某一事件的每一个细节，但没有人能证明真有哪个人有照相记忆能力。3．Asmostofusdonothaveamazingmemorieslikethem，whenmemorisingdetailedlearningmaterials，wesimplyneedtofocusontheimportantideasandbecuriousaboutwhatwelearn.[句式分析]本句是主从复合句。As引导原因状语从句；whenmemorising...是状语从句的省略；what引导宾语从句。[自主翻译]大多数人并不具有他们那样惊人的记忆力，因此我们在尝试记学习内容的细节时，仅需把注意力放到概要方面，并对所学内容保持好奇。4．Anothereffectivetechniquetorememberthingsistogroupsimilarideasorinformationtogethersothattheycanbeeasilyconnectedtothingsthatarealreadyknown.[句式分析]本句是主从复合句。sothat引导目的状语从句；主句中的不定式短语torememberthings作后置定语，修饰technique，不定式短语togroup...together作表语；thatarealreadyknown是定语从句，修饰things。[自主翻译]另外一个有效的记忆方法是给相似的内容或信息分类，这样这些内容能更容易与已有知识建立联系。Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2023·江西南昌高一期末)I’veneverbeensomeonewhogetshomesick，buttheprospect(展望)ofgoinghomeinafewdaysisoneofthefewthingskeepingmegoing.Ithasbeenastressfulterm.I’mlookingforwardtoseeingmyfamilyandfriends.Butdespitemyexcitement，I’vebeenhavingsomeThanksgivingbreak-causedanxiety.IfeellikeI’munderatimecrunch(困境)tryingtofitsomanythingsintojustafewdays.WillIhavetimetoseeallmyfriends，spendtimewithfamily，andgetmyworkalone?I’mdefinitelystillgratefulthatIamabletogohome，butit’sstrangebecauseI’veneverconnectedThanksgivingwithbeinganxiousbefore.MaybeIfeelthiswaybecauseit’smyfirstyear.Breaksincollegearedifferentfromhighschool.Teachersusuallydidn’tgiveworkoverbreakandIcouldrelaxtheentiretimeinhighschool，butitdoesn’texactlyworkthatwayhere.Everyonehasbeensobusythisterm，andit’sdifficulttorelax，knowingthatwehaveassignmentsdueassoonasclassrestarts.Thefactthatreadingperiodstartsonly10daysafterbreakdoesn’thelpeither.Idon’tknowifI’llevergetusedtohowfastcollegemoves.Finalweeksandwinterbreakaregoingtobeherebeforeweknowit，andthatisslightlyterrifying.EventhoughIfeelthismixtureofexcitementandanxiety，thebreakhashelpedmegainabetterunderstandingaboutmyfirsttermofcollege.I’vemetsomanynewpeopleandbecomepartofclubsthatI’mpassionateabout.Theto-dolistwillstillbethereoverbreak，butit’snicetolookbackandseethatImanagedtogetthroughmostofthetermprettysuccessfully.I’mstillthankfulformyfamilyandfriendsasusual，butthisyearI’mespeciallythankfulformyself.eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。作者回顾了大学第一学期的紧张生活。)1．HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthecomingThanksgivingbreak?A．Eagerbutanxious.B．Relaxedbutdoubtful.C．Excitedbutfrightened.D．Curiousbutstressed.答案A解析细节理解题。由第一段第三、四句可知，作者期待见到家人和朋友，但感恩节假期又导致作者焦虑。故选A。2．Whatcanweinferaboutbreaksincollege?A．Theyarefreeofhomework.B．Theyaretaskedwithmuchwork.C．Theyarefullofrelaxation.D．Theyareimportantforprogress.答案B解析推理判断题。由第二段第三、四句和第三段第一句可推知，在大学的假期里，学生的任务很繁重。故选B。3．Whatmakestheauthoralittleterrified?A．Thereadingperiod.B．Thecomingexams.C．Thefastpaceofcollegelife.D．Theshortperiodofwinterbreak.答案C解析细节理解题。由第三段中的“Idon’tknowifI’llevergetusedto...thatisslightlyterrifying.”可知，大学生活的快节奏让作者有点害怕。故选C。4．Whatdoestheauthorrealizewhenreflectingonthefirstterm?A．Theto-dolistpusheshimtolearn.B．Hehasgainedalotfromcollegelife.C．Adaptingtothenewliferequiresfamilysupport.D．Self-independenceismoreimportantthanothers’support.答案B解析细节理解题。由最后一段第二、三句可知，在反思第一个学期时，作者意识到了自己已经从大学生活中收获了很多。故选B。BAlanMathisonTuringwasborninEnglandin1912.Likemanytalentswhogoontogreatthings，Turingshowedhisincredibleintelligencefromaveryyoungage.Infact，bythetimehewashalfwaythroughprimaryschool，Turing’steachershadalreadyrealizedhewasamathematicalgenius.Hecoulddocomplexcalculatinginhisheadeventhoughhehadneverbeentaughtaboutit.Fortunately，TuringwastheoppositeofHawking，andheabsolutelylovedschool.Proofofthisistheextremelengthshewouldgojusttogettoclass.Forexample，ononeoccasionwhentherewasatrainstrike，Turingevencycled60milestoattend.Nowthat’sdevotion!However，inspiteofTuring’sscholarlyattitudeandhisobviousgenius，histeachershadtheirconcernsabouthisfuture.Thisisbecausewell-knownschoolsinBritainliketheonesTuringattendedregardedtheClassics，suchasLatinandGreekasthemostimportant，notsubjectslikemathsandscience.Turing’sproudteachersevenwroteletterstohisparentsaskingthemtoconvincetheyoungmantofocusmoreontheClassics.ImaginehowdifferenttheworldmightbeiftheyoungTuringhadlistenedtohisteachers！Thankfully，hisloveforallthingsscientificandmathematicalmeanttherewasnochanceofthat.Afterfinishingsecondaryschool，TuringcompletedadegreeinmathematicsatKing’sCollegeCambridge，andthenobtainedhisPhDfromPrincetonUniversityintheUSA.ItwasduringtheseuniversityyearsthatheinventedtheTuringMachine，whichisconsideredbymanypeopletobetheearliestversionofacomputerprocessingunit.Itsoundsunbelievablethatanybodycouldhaveinventedsomethingwhichwassimilartoacomputerin1936.ButthatjustshowshowfaraheadofhistimeAlanTuringwas，evenwhenhewasstillayoungman.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国的艾伦·马西森·图灵的天赋、学术态度和成就。图灵的故事告诉我们：没有热情成就不了伟业。5．WhatcanbeinferredaboutTuringaccordingtoparagraphs1－2?A．HemaintainedinterestintheClassics.B．Herejectedattendingfamousschools.C．Heshowedastrongdesireforschooling.D．Heignoredparents’adviceoncourseselection.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段中“...andheabsolutelylovedschool...ononeoccasionwhentherewasatrainstrike，Turingevencycled60milestoattend.Nowthat’sdevotion！”可推知，图灵表现出上学的强烈愿望。故选C。6．WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheTuringMachine?A．Hearguesit’sstilllimitedinmanyfunctions.B．Hethinksit’sinfluentialincomputerhistory.C．Hedoubtsifitistrulyinventedbyayoungman.D．Heconsiderstheconstructionofsuchmachinesimpossible.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后两句可推知，作者认为图灵机在计算机历史上很有影响力。故选B。7．Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Toindicatethelinkbetweengeniusandsuccess.B．ToillustratetheinventionoftheTuringMachine.C．Tostresstheimpactofteachers’guidanceonTuring’slife.D．TointroduceTuring’sgenius，scholarlyattitudeandachievement.答案D解析写作意图题。根据文章的主要内容，第一段介绍了图灵在很小的时候就显示出了惊人的智慧，第三段谈到了图灵的学术态度和他明显的天赋，以及最后一段说到在大学期间，他发明了图灵机，这被许多人认为是计算机处理单元的最早版本可知，本文的写作目的是介绍图灵的天赋、学术态度和成就。故选D。8．WhatdoesTuring’sstorytellus?A．Nothinggreatwaseverachievedwithoutenthusiasm.B．Ordinarypeoplehope，whiletalentedpeoplecreate.C．Contentedwithlittle，yetwishingformore.D．Chancesfavorthemindsthatareprepared.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句、第三段最后一句以及最后一段说到在1936年，居然有人能发明出类似于计算机的东西，这听起来令人难以置信，可推知，图灵的故事告诉我们：没有热情成就不了伟业。故选A。CIfyouhavespentanytimereadingblogsorpapersonteachingstrategiesinthepastfewyears，youhaveprobablynoticedastrongbacklashagainstrotememory(机械记忆)，infavorofconstructivist(建构主义)activitiesand“project-basedlearning”．Theactualmemorizingoffacts，manyagree，isanoutdatededucationalpractice，sinceanyonecouldsearchinformationontheInternetnowadays.Theythinkthatschoolsshouldfocusconstructivistactivitiesongettingskillsandknowledge.However，learningbyrotememoryismoreimportantthanyouthink.Therearemanycasesinwhichhavingknowledgeimmediatelyatthetipofyourtonguecanhavegreatsocialandprofessionalvalue.Forexample，lastnightatanetworkingevent，whenIcasuallyaskedaNigerianbusinessmanhowmuchofhisbusinesswasconductedinEnglishagainstinhisnativeYoruba，heimmediatelybecamemoreengagedinourconversation.ItwasasimplefactthatspeakingYorubainNigeriaseemedtoincreasemysocialtrust，andthereforeourrelationship.Thesamegoesforprofessionalsettings.IfIamamedicinesalesmantalkingtoadoctoraboutaspecificdigestiondrug，andheasksifithasanyeffectontheprocessofperistalsis(肠蠕动)，itwilllookquiteunprofessionalifIhavetopulloutmymedicaldictionarytolookuptheword.ThosefactsneedtoberememberedinmybrainsoIcanaccessthemimmediately!Mostsituationsneedmorepersonalizedlearning.Ofcourse，mostconstructivisteducatorswillarguethatreal-lifesimulations，on-the-jobtraining，andproject-basedlearningaremoreeffectiveatlearningnewconceptsthanrotememory.Theproblemisthatnosinglecost-effectiveconstructivistactivitywillguaranteethatyouwillbeexposedtoalltheconceptsyouneedorthatyouwillfullyrememberthefactsthatyouareexposedto.Ifyouactuallywanttoacquireafullrangeofknowledgeaboutagiventopic，themostguaranteedandefficientwaytodosoistostudybyrotememoryandpracticetimeandagain.eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇说明文。作者认为机械记忆是一种非常重要而有效的学习方法。)9．Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“backlash”inparagraph1?A．Determination. B．Opposition.C．Response. D．Inspiration.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“againstrotememory(机械记忆)，infavorofconstructivist(建构主义)activitiesand‘project-basedlearning’”可知，此处是指反对机械记忆，支持建构主义活动和“基于项目的学习”，所以backlash意为“反对”。故选B。10．Whatiswellacceptedbymanypeople?A．Insightlearning.B．Rotememory.C．Constructivism.D．Emotionaleducation.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段可知，人们强烈反对机械记忆，而倾向于建构主义活动和“基于项目的学习”。结合第二段第二句可知，建构主义是被很多人接受的。故选C。11．WhydoestheauthormentioncommunicationwithaNigerianbusinessman?A．TostresstheimportanceofspeakingYoruba.B．Toshowhowtoimprovecommunicationskills.C．Toshowthepowerofsocialandprofessionalvalue.D．Tosupporthisviewaboutlearningbyrotememory.答案D解析推理判断题。通读第三段可知，作者在前两句先阐明观点：机械记忆具有很大的社交和专业价值；在后文举例证明自己的观点。因此，作者提到与尼日利亚商人的交流是为了支持他的关于通过机械记忆来学习的观点。故选D。12．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．RoteMemoryIsMoreImportantthanYouThinkB．SchoolActivitiesAretheMainWaytoGainKnowledgeC．Project-BasedLearningIsaMoreEffectiveLearningWayD．ConstructivistActivitiesAreEqualtoProject-BasedLearning答案A解析标题归纳题。根据第三段首句和文章最后一句并结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲了机械记忆是一种非常重要而有效的学习方法，所以A项“机械记忆比你想象的更重要”适合作为文章标题。故选A。Ⅱ.七选五Beingabletoreadisanimportantskillintoday’ssociety.Itisimportantbecauseitdevelopsthemindandimagination.Apersonwhoknowshowtoreadcaneducatethemselvesinanyareaoflifetheyareinterestedin.Readingisanactivementalprocessthatimprovesyourconcentrationandfocus.Sinceyoumustconcentrateinordertoread，thisrequiresyoutofocusandthinkaboutwhatyouarereading.1Studiesshowifyoudon’tuseyourmemory，itbecomesmoreandmoredifficulttorememberthings.2Itrequiresyoutorememberdetails，factsandfigures，plotlines，themesandcharacters.Themoreyouread，themoreknowledgeableyoubecomeandwithmoreknowledgecomesmoreconfidence.Readingaboutthediversityoflifeandexposingyourselftonewideasandmor